Henry Bauchau
{{Short description|Belgium psychoanalyst, writer (1913–2012)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
|image =
|imagesize =
| name = Henry Bauchau
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1913|1|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Mechelen, Belgium
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2012|9|21|1913|1|22}}
| death_place = Paris, France
| occupation = Author, psychoanalysist, political activist
| spouse = Mary Kozyrev (1910-1984)
| children = Patrick Bauchau
| years_active =}}
Henry Bauchau (22 January 1913 – 21 September 2012) was a Belgian political activist and psychoanalyst who is best known as an author of poetry, novels, and plays in French language.{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/763850/Henry-Bauchau |title=Henry Bauchau (Belgian author) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=22 January 1913 |accessdate=2012-09-21}}
Biography
=Early life and political activities=
Henry Bauchau was born in Mechelen, Belgium on 22 January 1913 in a French-speaking family of the Catholic bourgeoisie. He studied law at the Catholic University of Leuven between 1932 and 1939 and became a regular writer for the influential Christian Democrat periodical La Cité Chrétienne.{{cite web |last1=Watthee-Delmotte |first1=Myriam |title=Henry Bauchau |url=https://www.arllfb.be/composition/membres/bauchau.html |publisher=Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique |access-date=7 April 2025}} He was also involved in the {{ill|Action catholique de la jeunesse belge|fr}} (AJCB). Although ideologically opposed to Nazism, Bauchau was inspired by the communitarian and youth movements established over the same period in Nazi Germany.{{cite web |last1=Alain |first1=Colignon |title=Bauchau Henry |url=https://www.belgiumwwii.be/belgique-en-guerre/personnes/bauchau-henry.html |website=www.belgiumwwii.be |publisher=CEGESOMA |access-date=7 April 2025 |language=fr}}
As a reserve officer, Bauchau was called at the outbreak of World War II and served in the Belgian Army during the German invasion of Belgium in May 1940. He was "profoundly humiliated" by the rapid defeat and embraced the call from King Leopold III to assist in national reconstruction under the German occupation. In this end, he helped to establish a small paramilitary youth movement in September 1940 which became known as the {{ill|Service des Volontaires du Travail pour la Wallonie|fr}} (SVTW). The movement was inspired by Christian youth organisations and was ideologically royalist and patriotic. In spite of this, it was widely seen as a collaborationist movement and popularly associated with the Rexist Party.
Opposed to the influx of Rexists into the movement, Bauchau left the SVTW in June 1943 and became part of the Belgian Resistance. He joined a group in hiding in the Ardennes and later fled to the United Kingdom.
=Literary career=
After Belgium's Liberation, Bauchau's wartime activities led to him being stigmatised as a collaborator. He emigrated to Switzerland where he began to focus as a writer after undergoing psychoanalysis with the French analyst Blanche Reverchon.
Profoundly influenced by his experience of psychoanalysis, Bauchau's first collections of poetry was published as Géologie (1958). He subsequently wrote a number of well-received poetry editions, plays, and novels which he combined with his work as the director of a Swiss international college. He moved to Paris in France in 1973 and continued to publish a number of works while devoting himself increasingly to psychoanalysis. He was a friend of Albert Camus, André Gide, Jacques Lacan, and Jacques Derrida.{{cite web|url=http://www.frenchpubagency.com/Title-199706-Fiction-Literature/Diotime-et-les-lions.html |title=The French Publisher's Agency – Title – Diotime et les lions |publisher=Frenchpubagency.com |accessdate=2012-09-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224151347/http://www.frenchpubagency.com/Title-199706-Fiction-Literature/Diotime-et-les-lions.html |archivedate=24 February 2012 }}
After 1990, Bauchau's literary work received increasing recognition. He was admitted to the Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique in 1991 and won the Prix Victor-Rossel for Antigone (1997). He remained active until his death on 21 September 2012.
Bauchau married Mary Kozyrev in 1936. Their son is the actor Patrick Bauchau.{{cite web |url=http://www.bauchau.com/aboutpb/hbauchau.shtml |title=Patrick Bauchau: Henry Bauchau's "Oedipus on the Road" |accessdate=2010-03-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610075811/http://www.bauchau.com/aboutpb/hbauchau.shtml |archivedate=10 June 2010 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.freebase.com/view/en/patrick_bauchau |title=Patrick Bauchau facts |publisher=Freebase |date=24 August 2012 |accessdate=2012-09-21 |archive-date=20 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520062702/http://www.freebase.com/view/en/patrick_bauchau |url-status=dead }}
Awards
Works
- Géologie (1958; "Geology"), 1958
- Gengis Khan, Mermod, 1960 (reprint Actes sud, 1989)
- La Machination (1969; "The Plot"), (play)
- Œdipe sur la route, Actes Sud, 1990, {{ISBN|978-2-86869-510-9}}
- {{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdun59C-IJkC&q=Henry+Bauchau| title=Oedipus on the Road|translator= Anne-Marie Glasheen| publisher=Arcade Publishing| year= 1997| isbn= 978-1-55970-382-6 }}
- La Chine intérieure (1974; "Inner China") (poems)
- Essai sur la vie de Mao Tsé-toung, Flammarion, 1982, {{ISBN|2080642235}}
- Poésie: 1950-1984, Actes Sud, 1986
- Le régiment noir, Éperonniers, 1987
- Diotime et les lions: récit, Actes Sud, 1991, {{ISBN|978-2-86869-691-5}}
- L'écriture et la circonstance, Presses universitaires de Louvain, UCL, 1992
- Antigone: roman, Actes Sud, 1997, {{ISBN|978-2-7427-1724-8}}
- La déchirure (English: The Tear), Editions Labor, 1998, {{ISBN|978-2-8040-1337-0}}
- Journal d'Antigone: 1989-1997, Actes Sud, 1999
- L'enfant bleu: roman, Actes sud, 2004, {{ISBN|978-2-7427-5139-6}}
- Le boulevard périphérique: roman, Actes sud, 2008, {{ISBN|978-2-7427-7169-1}}
- Déluge, Actes sud, 2010, {{ISBN|978-2-7427-8989-4}}
See also
- Raymond De Becker - a Belgian writer and wartime collaborator, also a friend of Bauchau's.
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- Surmonte, Emilia, Antigone, La Sphinx d'Henry Bauchau: Les enjeux d'une création (Bruxelles etc., Peter Lang, 2011) (Documents pour l'Histoire des Francophonies. Europe, 24).
{{Authority control}}
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Category:Writers from Mechelen
Category:Belgian writers in French
Category:Prix du Livre Inter winners
Category:Members of the Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique
Category:Belgian expatriates in France
Category:Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni
Category:Belgian resistance members