Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle

{{Infobox noble|honorific_prefix=His Grace|name=The Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne|image=File:2ndDukeOfNewcastle.jpg|succession=2nd Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne|reign=1676–1691|reign-type=Tenure|predecessor=William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle|birth_date=24 June 1630|death_date=26 July 1691|noble family=Cavendish|spouse=Frances Pierrepont|issue=Elizabeth Monck, Duchess of Albemarle
Lady Frances Cavendish
Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle
Lady Catherine Cavendish
Lady Arabella Cavendish|father=William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle|mother=Elizabeth Basset|caption=Portrait attributed to Mary Beale|post-nominals=KG, PC}}

Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, KG, PC (24 June 1630 – 26 July 1691), styled Lord Henry Cavendish until 1659 and Viscount Mansfield from 1659 to 1676, was an English politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1660 until 1676, when he inherited the dukedom.{{Cite ODNB|title=Cavendish, Henry, second duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1630–1691), politician|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-40627|access-date=2021-02-08| year=2004 |language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/40627| isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 }}

Life and career

Cavendish was the only surviving son of William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, and his first wife, Elizabeth Basset. His maternal grandparents were William Basset and Judith Austen, daughter of Thomas Austen.

After the Restoration of the Monarchy, he was appointed Master of the Robes (June 1660–62) and a Gentleman of the Bedchamber (1662–68). In April 1660, Lord Mansfield was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Derbyshire in the Convention Parliament. He was elected MP for Northumberland in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament.{{cite web|url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/cavendish-henry-1630-91|title=CAVENDISH, Henry, Visct. Mansfield (1630-91), of Bolsover, Derbys. and Welbeck Abbey, Notts.|publisher= History of Parliament Trust|access-date= 23 May 2019}}

In 1676, he inherited the title of Duke of Newcastle and the family seats of Welbeck Abbey, Bolsover Castle and Nottingham Castle on the death of his father and was invested a Knight of the Garter in 1677. He died in 1691, leaving no surviving male heir, and thus the dukedom became extinct. Welbeck Abbey and other East Midlands estates passed to his favourite daughter Margaret, who had married John Holles, for whom the dukedom was recreated in 1694. The bequest was unsuccessfully contested by Cavendish's other daughters.{{cite web|url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/family/newcastle/biographies/biographyofjohnholles,3rddukeofnewcastleupontyneand4thearlofclare(1662-1711).aspx|title=Biography of John Holles, 3rd Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne and 4th Earl of Clare (1662-1711)|publisher= University of Nottingham|access-date= 23 May 2019}}

The department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham, holds a number of papers relating to the 2nd Duke of Newcastle – the Cavendish Papers (Pw 1), part of the Portland (Welbeck) Collection, includes some of his personal papers; and the Newcastle (Clumber) Collection (Ne) includes estate papers and family settlements from the time of the 2nd Duke.

Marriage and issue

File:Frances Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (born Frances Pierrepont; 1630–1695), by Mary Beale.jpg]]

Image:WELBECK Le Superbe Cheval De Spanie.jpg, Nottinghamshire, in the 17th century]]

In 1652, Henry married Frances Pierrepont (b. 1 September 1630 in Thoresby, Nottinghamshire, d. 23 September 1695 in London), daughter of The Hon. William Pierrepont (who was the son of Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull), and they had six children:

Lady Elizabeth Cavendish (1654–1734), known as the 'Mad Duchess', who married firstly Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle; no issue. She married secondly Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu; no issue.
Lady Frances Cavendish (25 June 1660 – 4 February 1690), who married John Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (19 November 1662 – 23 February 1752) before 1690; no issue.
Lady Margaret Cavendish (22 October 1661 – 24 December 1716), who married John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 1 March 1690 and had issue. (This was the second creation of the dukedom in 1694 after the first became extinct in 1691).
Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle (19 January 1663 – 1 November 1680), who married Lady Elizabeth Percy on 27 March 1679; no issue. In accordance with his marriage settlement, he adopted the surname of Percy in lieu of his patronymic.[https://books.google.com/books?id=I5lcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA192 Collins, Arthur, Peerage of England, Volume 4], London, 1756, p.186] However he died the following year and was buried in the parish church at the Percy seat of Petworth.
Lady Catherine Cavendish (14 January 1665 – 20 April 1712), who married Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet on 14 August 1684 and had issue.
Lady Arabella Cavendish (19 August 1673 – 4 June 1698), who married Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland on 12 January 1695 and had issue.

Through Henry, King Charles III and Queen Camilla are ninth cousins once removed.{{Cite news |date=9 April 2005 |title=Kissing cousins! |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Kissing+cousins!-a0131294217 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110225613/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Kissing+cousins!-a0131294217 |archive-date=10 November 2013 |access-date=23 March 2025|via=The Free Library |work=Evening Chronicle (Newcastle, England)}}; {{Cite web |title=Experts Discover that Prince Charles and Camilla Parker-Bowles are Distantly Related |url=http://corporate.ancestry.com/press/press-releases/2005/04/experts-discover-that-prince-charles-and-camilla-parker-bowles-are-related |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804035028/http://corporate.ancestry.com/press/press-releases/2005/04/experts-discover-that-prince-charles-and-camilla-parker-bowles-are-related/ |archive-date=4 August 2010 |access-date=23 March 2025|website=Ancestry.com}}

Coat of arms

{{Emblem table

|image = {{center|File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg{{Superimpose2

| align = center

| base = Order of the Garter in Heraldry.svg

| base_width = 230px

| float = Arms of Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle.svg

| float_width = 180px

| x = 25

| link = c:file:Arms of Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle.svg

}}}}

|image size =

|notes =

|coronet = A coronet of an Duke

|crest = A serpent nowed proper.

|escutcheon = Sable three bucks' heads cabossed argent, with a crescent for different.

|supporters = Dexter, a bull or, ducally crowned gules; sinister, a lion ramp, guard, gules crined and ducally crowned or.

|motto = Cavendo tutus Safe through Caution{{cite book |last= Burke |first= Bernard |author-link=Bernard Burke |title= The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time |date=1884|publisher=Harrison & sons|location=London |pages=178|url=https://archive.org/details/generalarmoryofe00burk/page/178/mode/2up?view=theater&q=Cavendish}}}}

References

External links

[http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/family/newcastle/biographies/biographyofhenrycavendish,2nddukeofnewcastleupontyne(1630-1691).aspx Biography of Henry Cavendish, with links to online catalogues]

{{succession box

| title=Member of Parliament for Derbyshire

| with = John Ferrers

| years=1660–1661

| before=Not represented in the restored Rump

| after=Lord Cavendish
John Frescheville

}}

{{succession box

| title=Member of Parliament for Northumberland

| with = Sir William Fenwick, Bt

| years=1661–1676

| before=Sir William Fenwick, Bt
Ralph Delaval