Henry Demarest Lloyd

Henry Demarest Lloyd was born on May 1, 1847, in the home of his maternal grandfather on Sixth Avenue in New York City.Caro Lloyd, Henry Demarest Lloyd, 1847-1903: A Biography. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1912; vol. 1, pg. 1. Henry was the first child of Aaron Lloyd, a graduate of Rutgers College and New Brunswick Theological Seminary and minister of the Dutch Reformed Church, and Maria Christie ({{nee}} Demarest) Lloyd.Lloyd, Henry Demarest Lloyd, pg. 7.

One of Lloyd's strongest formative influences was the preaching of Henry Ward Beecher, whose sermons he regularly attended.Lloyd, Henry Demarest Lloyd, pg. 16.

Lloyd attended Columbia College and Columbia Law School. Lloyd worked at a library and taught to pay his way through school.Lloyd, Henry Demarest Lloyd, pg. 19. Upon graduation, Lloyd was admitted to the New York state bar in 1869.Peter J. Frederick, "Henry Demarest Lloyd," in John D. Buenker and Edward R. Kantowicz (eds.), Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1988; pp. 256-257.

File:Lloyd-henry-demarest-1872.jpg

In 1872, Lloyd joined the staff of the Chicago Tribune, gaining promotion to the position of chief editorial writer in 1875. He remained at the paper until 1885.

Lloyd was one of the precursors to the later muckraker journalists,{{cite book|last=Regier|first=C.C.|title=Era of the Muckrakers|url=https://archive.org/details/eraofmuckrakers0000regi|url-access=registration|year=1957|publisher=Peter Smith|pages=[https://archive.org/details/eraofmuckrakers0000regi/page/22 22–25]}} writing a searing exposé of the monopolistic abuses of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust, "The Story of a Great Monopoly," published in the March 1881 issue of The Atlantic. He later fleshed out his case against the unbridled corporate power of Standard Oil and similar corporations in his best-known book, Wealth Against Commonwealth, published in 1894. Lloyd's work thus preceded Ida Tarbell's more famous 1904 work, "The History of Standard Oil," by a number of years.

As a political activist, Lloyd defended the Haymarket anarchists in 1886, a position that caused his father-in-law, William Bross, publisher of the Tribune, to disinherit him and his wife Jessie Bross. However, William Bross and his only daughter must have made amends, because he died in her home.

Lloyd, after leaving the newspaper, continued to file stories as a free-lancing dispatcher, using the Associated Press wires, and his publications of outrage over the treatment of miners in the Spring Valley dispute are credited with ending that episode. Lloyd also wrote and spoke on behalf of Milwaukee streetcar operators in 1893, and anthracite coal miners in 1902.

Lloyd was a leading citizen of Winnetka, Illinois. Elected more than once as a Village trustee and member of the Board of Education, he served as vice-president of the Village council from 1884 to 1886, and as Village treasurer in 1887 and 1888. He was president of the Town Meeting in 1898 and is credited with a leading role in pioneering what became known nationally as the "Winnetka system" of self-government, a reform cause broadly taken up by Samuel Gompers and the labor movement.{{cite book | last = Lloyd | first = Caro | title = Henry Demarest Lloyd, 1847-1903: A Biography | publisher = G. P. Putnam's Sons | year = 1912 | location = New York | pages = Vol. 1, p. 268 | url = https://archive.org/stream/henrydemarestllo01lloyiala/henrydemarestllo01lloyiala_djvu.txt }}

In 1894, Lloyd ran for United States Congress as a candidate of the People's Party, the so-called "Populists." In subsequent years he was supportive of the aims of the Socialist Party of America, although he was never an active member of the organization.

[[File:Henry Demarest Lloyd Memorial, Winnetka, Illinois, early 20th century (NBY 617) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|200px|

Memorial statue in Winnetka, Illinois. [https://www.winnetkahistory.org/gazette/charles-haag/] Inscription attributed to Lloyd reads "Society should give each man not his daily bread but a chance to earn his daily bread."]]

Henry Demarest Lloyd, remembered by a contemporary as the "pioneer and leader" of the trust-busting progressive movement,Charles Edward Russell, "Introduction," to Caro Lloyd, Henry Demarest Lloyd, 1847-1903: A Biography. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1912; vol. 1, pg. v. died on September 28, 1903. He was survived by a son, William Bross Lloyd, who would emerge as a founding member and early leader of the Communist Labor Party of America in 1919.

After his death, Lloyd's library, which included thousands of books and pamphlets relating to trade unionism, cooperation, socialism, and monopolies, was donated to the University of Wisconsin."University Gets Valuable Library," International Socialist Review, vol. 9, no. 7 (January 1909), pg. 554.

Lloyd was an inspiration to a generation of young investigative journalists and radical political activists, such as Charles Edward Russell, who later recalled:

"As the Standard Oil article in the Atlantic became the armory of every person willing to fight for industrial freedom, so Wealth Against Commonwealth in later years became the great storehouse of information to which numbers of able campaigners habitually resorted for their facts. Probably millions of men read or heard Mr. Lloyd's ideas without being aware of the real authorship. But I judge that with this condition he was well content. No man ever entered such a fight with a smaller share of personal vanity to gratify. He desired that his countrymen should be informed of existing conditions, but not that he himself should gain fame or rewards."Russell, Introduction, pg. ix.

In recognition of Lloyd's work, the Center for Investigative Reporting launched the "Henry Demarest Lloyd Investigative Fund" in 2009 to provide grants to investigative journalists.[http://www.centerforinvestigativereporting.org/articles/thecenterforinvestigativereportingannounceslaunchofhenrydemarestlloydinvestigativefund The Center for Investigative Reporting Announces Launch of Henry Demarest Lloyd Investigative Fund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613135055/http://centerforinvestigativereporting.org/articles/thecenterforinvestigativereportingannounceslaunchofhenrydemarestlloydinvestigativefund# |date=2010-06-13 }}, Center For Investigative Reporting announcement, February 19, 2009.

The Henry Demarest Lloyd House in Winnetka is now a National Historic Landmark.

• Florence Kelley, a social reformer inspired by LloydLeigh Bienen, [http://florencekelley.northwestern.edu/florence/lloyd The Life and Times of Florence Kelly in Chicago, 1891-1899], Northwestern University School of Law. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
• Carolyn Lloyd Strobell, Lloyd's sister and biographer

{{Reflist|2}}

For a complete list of works see Lloyd (1912), [https://archive.org/details/henrydemarestllov2lloy/page/n398 pp. 351-364]

{{Refbegin}}

• {{cite journal |last=Lloyd |first=Henry Demarest |author-link=Henry Demarest Lloyd |author-mask=1 |date=March 1881 |title=Story of a Great Monopoly |journal=The Atlantic Monthly |volume=XLVII |issue=CCLXXXL |pages=317–334 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=y18CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA317|access-date=2009-07-11 }}
• {{cite book |title=A Strike of Millionaires Against Miners or The Story of Spring Valley: An Open Letter to the Millionaires, 2nd ed. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zsR-AAAAMAAJ |last=Lloyd |first=Henry Demarest |author-link=Henry Demarest Lloyd |author-mask=1 |year=1890 |publisher=Belford-Clarke Co. |location=Chicago |isbn = 9780384331839|access-date=2009-07-12}}
• {{cite book |title=Wealth Against Commonwealth |url=http://www.ebooks.burnedbookspublishing.com/04003852/index.html |last=Lloyd |first=Henry Demarest |author-link=Henry Demarest Lloyd |author-mask=1 |year=1894 |publisher=Harper & Brothers |location=New York |access-date=2009-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708104634/http://www.ebooks.burnedbookspublishing.com/04003852/index.html# |archive-date=2011-07-08 |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite book |title=Labor Copartnership: Notes of a Visit To Co-operator Workshops, Factories and Farms in Great Britain and Ireland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=twwXAAAAYAAJ |last=Lloyd |first=Henry Demarest |author-link=Henry Demarest Lloyd |author-mask=1 |year=1898 |publisher=Harper & Brothers |location=New York |access-date=2009-07-12}}
• {{cite book |title=Lords of Industry |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsindustry00lloygoog |last=Lloyd |first=Henry Demarest |author-link=Henry Demarest Lloyd |author-mask=1 |year=1900 |publisher=Doubleday, Page & Co. |location=New York |access-date=2009-07-12}}
• {{cite book |title=Newest England: Notes of a Democratic Traveller in New Zealand |url=https://archive.org/details/newestenglandno00lloygoog |last=Lloyd |first=Henry Demarest |author-link=Henry Demarest Lloyd |author-mask=1 |year=1903 |publisher=Doubleday, Page & Co. |location=New York |access-date=2009-07-12}}
• {{cite book |title=Man, the Social Creator |url=https://archive.org/details/mansocialcreator00lloyrich |last=Lloyd |first=Henry Demarest |author-link=Henry Demarest Lloyd |author-mask=1 |year=1906 |publisher=Doubleday, Page & Co. |location=New York |access-date=2009-07-12}}
• {{cite book |title=Men, the Workers |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924002356305 |last=Lloyd |first=Henry Demarest |author-link=Henry Demarest Lloyd |author-mask=1 |year=1909 |publisher=Doubleday, Page & Co. |location=New York |access-date=2009-07-12}}
• {{cite book |title=A Country Without Strikes: A Visit to the Compulsory Arbitration Court of New Zealand |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsindustry00lloygoog |last=Lloyd |first=Henry Demarest |author-link=Henry Demarest Lloyd |author-mask=1 |year=1910 |publisher=Putnam's Sons |location=New York |access-date=2009-07-12}}
• {{cite book |title=Mazzini and Other Essays |url=https://archive.org/details/mazziniandother01lloygoog |last=Lloyd |first=Henry Demarest |author-link=Henry Demarest Lloyd |author-mask=1 |year=1910 |publisher=Putnam's Sons |location=New York |access-date=2009-07-12}}

{{Refend}}

• Chester M. Destler, Henry Demarest Lloyd and the Empire of Reform. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1963.
• Richard Digby-Junger, The Journalist as Reformer: Henry Demarest Lloyd and Wealth Against Commonwealth. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996.
• Peter J. Frederick, Knights of the Golden Rule: The Intellectual As Christian Social Reformer in the 1890s. Lexington, KY: University Press Of Kentucky, 1976.
• Jay E. Jernigan, Henry Demarest Lloyd. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1976.
• Caro Lloyd, Henry Demarest Lloyd, 1847-1903: A Biography. In two volumes: [https://books.google.com/books?id=EGMDAAAAYAAJ Vol. 1] and [https://archive.org/details/henrydemarestllov2lloy Vol. 2]. Introduction by Charles Edward Russell. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1912.
• George H. Shibley, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YmoSAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP728 Death of Noted Majority Rulist - Facts Concerning His Life and the Movement], The National New Era, vol. 20, no. 43 (October 1903), pg. 12.
• John L. Thomas, Alternative America: Henry George, Edward Bellamy, Henry Demarest Lloyd, and the Adversary Tradition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.

{{Wikiquote}}

• [http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/henry_lloyd.html "Henry Demarest Lloyd,"] Columbia College website.
• [http://www.spartacus-educational.com/USAWdemarest.htm "Henry Demarest Lloyd,"] Spartacus Educational.
• [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1884hdlloyd.html "Henry Demarest Lloyd,"] Modern History sourcebook.

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Category:1847 births

Category:1903 deaths

Category:Journalists from New York City

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Category:American male journalists

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Category:Standard Oil

Category:History of the petroleum industry in the United States

Category:St. Mark's School (Massachusetts) alumni

Category:Columbia College (New York) alumni

Category:Columbia Law School alumni

Category:Illinois Populists

Category:Illinois city council members

Category:School board members in Illinois

Category:Activists from New York City