Henry Harwood

Following education at Stubbington House School, Harwood entered the Royal Navy in 1904 and specialised in torpedoes.[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/HARWOOD.shtml Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives]{{cite web| last = Houterman| first = Hans| title = Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939–1945 (HARV to HAYW)| work = Unithistories| url = http://www.unithistories.com/officers/RN_officersH3.html| access-date =3 May 2010 }} He served in the First World War. In 1919, he served on the battleship {{HMS|Royal Sovereign|05|6}}), 1st Battle Squadron. By 1929 he had been promoted to captain and become the commanding officer of the destroyer {{HMS|Warwick|D25|6}} and Senior Officer of the 9th Destroyer Division.

In 1931 and 1932, Harwood attended the Imperial Defence College. Upon completion of the course in March 1932, he became flag captain of the heavy cruiser {{HMS|London|69|6}} whilst at the same time serving as Chief Staff Officer to the Rear-Admiral Commanding the 1st Cruiser Squadron. From July 1934 until 1936, Harwood served on the staff of the Royal Naval War College at Greenwich ({{HMS|President|shore establishment|6}}).

In September 1936, Harwood was appointed commodore and given command of the South American Division of the America and West Indies Station, whilst at the same time serving as commanding officer of the cruiser {{HMS|Exeter|68|6}}. At the outbreak of the Second World War, command of HMS Exeter passed to Captain F. S. Bell. Commodore Harwood remained in Exeter until he transferred his pennant to HMS Ajax on 27 August.{{cite book |author= |date=1939 |title=H.M.S. EXETER 1936–1939 |location=London |at=Pages 126 and 127 |publisher=HMS Exeter, Royal Navy}}

Harwood commanded a squadron consisting of the heavy cruisers {{HMS|Cumberland|57|6}} and {{HMS|Exeter|68|6}}, and the light cruisers HMS Achilles and {{HMS|Ajax|22|6}}. He flew his broad pennant in Ajax as his flagship. The squadron was deployed to the South Atlantic against the {{ship|German pocket battleship|Admiral Graf Spee}}, which was attacking Allied shipping there.

File:Henry Harwood inspects naval ratings Alexandria 1942 IWM A 13787.jpg, in September 1942.]]

Harwood suspected that Graf Spee would try to strike next at the merchant shipping off the River Plate estuary. With Cumberland being absent for repairs, Harwood deployed his other three cruisers off the estuary on 12 December. In the ensuing Battle of the River Plate on 13 December, Harwood's cruisers were damaged, but so was Graf Spee, which fled to Montevideo in neutral Uruguay. She was scuttled there a few days later.[http://www.naval-history.net/WW2RN03-193909.htm Battle of the River Plate, December 1939] Naval History For this action, Harwood was promoted to rear admiral and knighted.

From December 1940 to April 1942, Rear-Admiral Harwood served as a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty and Assistant Chief of Naval Staff. In April 1942, Harwood was promoted to vice-admiral and Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, and flew his flag at {{HMS|Nile}}. The command was later split, and he became Commander-in-Chief, Levant, in February 1943, with responsibility for flank support and seaborne supply of the British Eighth Army.

In April 1944, Harwood became Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands ({{HMS|Proserpine}}). He retired on 15 August 1945 with the rank of admiral, having been declared medically unfit for further duty.

Sir Henry Harwood died in Goring-on-Thames in 1950. Harwood Avenue, the main thoroughfare in the town of Ajax, Ontario, was named after him.{{cite web |url=https://www.durhamregion.com/community-story/4895879-harwood-avenue-named-for-british-naval-officer/ |title=Harwood Avenue named for British naval officer |publisher=DurhamRegion.com |date=6 October 2014 |access-date=10 March 2019}} In the 1956 film, The Battle of the River Plate, Harwood was played by Anthony Quayle.{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0048990/ |title=The Battle of the River Plate |publisher=IMDb |access-date=10 March 2019}}

{{Commons category|Sir Henry Harwood}}

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{{s-ttl|title=Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet|years=1942–1943}}

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{{s-ttl|title=Commander-in-Chief, Levant|years=February–June 1943}}

{{s-aft|after=Sir John Cunningham}}

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{{s-bef|before=Sir Lionel Wells}}

{{s-ttl|title=Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands|years=1944–1945}}

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Category:1888 births

Category:1950 deaths

Category:Academics of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich

Category:Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies

Category:Burials in Oxfordshire

Category:Royal Navy admirals of World War II

Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath

Category:Lords of the Admiralty

Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire

Category:Recipients of the War Cross (Greece)

Category:Royal Navy officers of World War I

Category:People educated at Stubbington House School

Category:Admiralty personnel of World War II

Category:Military personnel from the City of Westminster