Henry John Rous

{{Infobox military person

|honorific_prefix=The Honourable

|name = Henry John Rous

|image = Henry John Rous by G. Thompson.jpg

|image_size = 200px

|alt = Detail of a portrait of Henry John Rous with George Payne, by G. Thompson

|caption = Detail of a portrait of Henry John Rous with George Payne, by G. Thompson

|birth_date = {{Birth date|1795|1|23|df=y}}

|death_date = {{Death date and age|1877|6|19|1795|1|23|df=y}}

|birth_place = London, England{{cite web | url=https://www.pdavis.nl/ShowBiog.php?id=1721 | title=Biography of Hon. Henry John Rous R.N. }}

|death_place = London, England

|placeofburial =

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|nickname =

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|allegiance =United Kingdom

|branch = Royal Navy

|serviceyears = 1808–1835

|rank = Admiral

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|commands = {{Plainlist|

{{HMS|Podargus|1808|6}}
{{HMS|Mosquito|1811|6}}
{{HMS|Sappho|1806|6}}
{{HMS|Hind|1814|6}}
{{HMS|Rainbow|1823|6}}
{{HMS|Pique|1834|6}}

}}

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Admiral Henry John Rous (23 January 1795 – 19 June 1877) was an officer of the British Royal Navy, who served during the Napoleonic Wars, and was later a Member of Parliament and a leading figure in horse racing.

Biography

=Family background and education=

Rous was the second son of John Rous, 1st Earl of Stradbroke, and was educated at Westminster School, and Dr. Burney's Academy.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article70608719 |title=Admiral Rous |newspaper=Australian Town and Country Journal |location=NSW |date=8 September 1877 |access-date=5 February 2013 |page=13 |publisher=National Library of Australia }} His elder brother was John Rous, 2nd Earl of Stradbroke, and his half-sister married Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham.{{cite wikisource |first=William Richard |last=O'Byrne |chapter=Rous, Henry John |title=A Naval Biographical Dictionary |year=1849 |publisher=John Murray}}

=Naval career=

Aged just 13, Rous entered the Navy on 28 January 1808 as first-class volunteer on board the {{HMS|Royal William|1719|2}}, under the command of Captain the Honourable Courtenay Boyle, and the flagship of Sir George Montagu, the Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth. In February 1809, he moved into the 74-gun {{HMS|Repulse|1803|2}}, Captain the Hon. Arthur Kaye Legge. After taking part in the Walcheren Campaign, in November 1809 he became a midshipman aboard {{HMS|Victory||2}}, flagship of Sir James Saumarez in the Baltic. In March 1811, he joined {{HMS|Tonnant|1798|2}}, Captain John Gore, employed off Lisbon and in the Channel and, from December 1811, he served in the frigate {{HMS|Bacchante|1811|2}}, Captain William Hoste, taking part in the Adriatic campaign.

There Rous took part in numerous actions. On the night of 31 August 1812 he was involved in the cutting out from the port of Lema, near Venice, of seven vessels loaded with ship timbers for the Venetian government, together with French xebec Tisiphone and two gunboats and, on 6 January 1813, the boats of Bacchante and the sloop {{HMS|Weazel|1805|2}} successfully captured five enemy gun-vessels in the neighbourhood of Otranto. On 15 May 1813, he assisted at the capture and destruction of the castle and batteries of Karlobag and, on 12 June, he commanded the Bacchante{{'}}s yawl in the capture at Giulianova of seven large gun-boats, three smaller gun-vessels, and 14 merchantmen. The British boats approached and boarded under a heavy fire of grapeshot and musketry, while the Marines landed on shore, driving off 100 enemy troops and capturing two field guns. Rous was put in command of one of the merchantmen, laden with oil, which broached and capsized in heavy weather around midnight, only kept afloat by the buoyancy of her cargo. Rous and his prize crew were eventually rescued by another prize around 4 a.m. In 1814, Rous participated in the capture of Rovigno, the island of Lesina, and the fortresses of Cattaro and Ragusa.

On 18 May 1814, he was promoted to lieutenant and, from August 1814 until December 1815, served aboard the frigate {{HMS|Maeander|1813|2}}, Captain John Bastard, off Lisbon and in the Mediterranean. From January 1817, he served aboard {{HMS|Conqueror|1801|2}}, the flagship of Rear-Admiral Robert Plampin at Saint Helena and, on 2 August, was appointed acting-commander of the 14-gun sloop {{HMS|Podargus|1808|2}}. His promotion being confirmed on 26 November 1817, he was then appointed to {{HMS|Mosquito|1811|2}}, finally returning to England in mid-1819. He then commanded the brig-sloop {{HMS|Sappho|1806|2}} at Cork from November 1821, and the sixth-rate {{HMS|Hind|1814|2}} in the Mediterranean from February 1822.

Rous was promoted to post-captain on 25 April 1823 and, from July 1825, commanded {{HMS|Rainbow|1823|2}} in the East Indies. He visited Australia and, in April 1827, organised Sydney's first regatta. In August 1828, he explored the Tweed, and explored and named the Richmond River, both in north-eastern New South Wales.{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |first=Louise T. |last=Daley |title=Rous, Henry John (1795–1877) |id=A020355b |access-date=30 March 2007}} The area between those rivers is known as Rous County, although counties are not widely recognised in Australia and are mainly used for cadastral purposes. While in Moreton Bay, he named the Rous Channel, Dunwich, and Stradbroke Island, after his family titles, and influenced the naming of Ipswich, Queensland.

Rous returned to England in August 1829 and, from November 1834, commanded the frigate {{HMS|Pique|1834|2}}. His ship ran ashore on the coast of Labrador in the Strait of Belle Isle in September 1835 and was greatly damaged. Rous, however, brought her across the Atlantic Ocean with a sprung foremast and without keel, forefoot or rudder, with the ship making {{Convert|23|in|m|abbr=on}} of water an hour.[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/24172 Henry John Rous at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Rous, Henry John|volume=23|page=774}}

=Thoroughbred horse racing=

File:Admiral Rous, from A History of the English Turf, Vol 1, 1879.png

His father owned a stud farm in Suffolk and won the 1815 2,000 Guineas with the colt Tigris. Rous, always fond of the sport, became a steward of the Jockey Club in 1838, a position he held, almost uninterrupted, until his death. In 1855, he was appointed public handicapper. In that role he introduced the weight-for-age scale.{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/apr/03/horseracing.gdnsport31 |title=Horse racing: End of an era as Jockey Club falls on own sword |first=Greg |last=Wood |work=The Guardian |date=3 April 2006 |access-date=8 November 2013}} For many years, he managed the stables of the Duke of Bedford at Newmarket, and wrote On the Laws and Practice of Horse Racing that procured for him the title of the Blackstone of the Turf.

The Rous Memorial Stakes was named in his honour.

=Political career=

In the general election of July 1841, he was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Westminster and, in February 1846, The Sir Robert Peel appointed him Fourth Naval Lord, in which post he served only until July.{{cite journal |url=http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=16652 |title=Lord High Admiral and Commissioners of the Admiralty 1660-1870 |journal=Office-Holders in Modern Britain |volume=4 |pages=18–31 |first=J. C. |last=Sainty |year=1975 |access-date=8 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007025436/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=16652 |archive-date=7 October 2014 |url-status=dead }} The appointment triggered a by-election, which Rous lost to the Liberal candidate, George de Lacy Evans, whom he had defeated in 1841.

Though no longer an active serving officer, Rous's seniority saw him promoted to rear admiral on 17 December 1852, to vice admiral on 5 January 1858,{{cite book |title=The Navy List (corrected to December 1862) |publisher=J. Murray |location=London |year=1862 |page=6 |url=https://archive.org/stream/navylist03admigoog#page/n17/mode/2up |access-date=8 November 2013 }} and to admiral on the Retired List on 6 June 1863.{{Cite book |title=The Navy List (corrected to December 1875) |publisher=J. Murray |location=London |year=1876 |page=563 |url=https://archive.org/stream/navylist00unkngoog#page/n576/mode/2up |access-date=8 November 2013 }}

Admiral Rous died at 13 Berkeley Square in London on 19 June 1877. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London.{{cite book |title=Paths of Glory |date=1997 |publisher=Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery |page=86}}