Henry Raspe
{{Short description|German nobleman and throne claimant (c. 1204 – 1247)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{ infobox nobility
| name = Henry Raspe
| title = Landgrave of Thuringia
| image = File:Heinrich Raspe.jpg
| caption = Seal of Henry as king
| noble family = Ludovingians
| father = Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia
| mother = Sophia of Wittelsbach
| spouse = {{ubl|Elisabeth of Brandenburg|Gertrude of Babenberg|Beatrice of Brabant}}
| birth_date = {{circa|1204}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1247|2|16|1204|df=y}}
| death_place = Wartburg Castle, Landgraviate of Thuringia, {{avoid wrap|Holy Roman Empire}}
}}
Henry Raspe ({{Langx|de|link=no|Heinrich Raspe}}; {{circa|1204}} – 16 February 1247) was the Landgrave of Thuringia from 1231 until 1239 and again from 1241 until his death. In 1246, with the support of the Papacy, he was elected King of Germany in opposition to Conrad IV, but his contested reign lasted a mere nine months.
Biography
Henry Raspe was born {{circa|1204}} to Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia and Sophia of Wittelsbach.
In 1226, Henry's brother Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, died en route to the Sixth Crusade,{{sfn|Van Cleve|1969|p=446}} and Henry became regent for his under-age nephew Hermann II, Landgrave of Thuringia. He managed to expel his nephew and the boy's young mother, St. Elisabeth of Hungary, from the line of succession and ca. 1231 formally succeeded his brother as landgrave.
In 1242 Henry, together with King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, he was selected by Emperor Frederick II to be administrator of Germany for Frederick's under-age son [[Conrad IV of Germany|
Conrad]].
After Pope Innocent IV imposed a ban on Frederick in 1245, Raspe changed sides, and on 22 May 1246 he was elected anti-king in opposition to Conrad.{{sfn|Cox|1974|p=180}} The strong papal prodding that led to his election earned Raspe the derogatory moniker of "Pfaffenkönig" (priests' king).{{sfn|Stubbs|1908|p=36}} The papal legate in Germany was Filippo da Pistoia.{{sfn|Van Cleve|1972|p=494}} In August 1246 Henry defeated Conrad in the Battle on the Nidda in southern Hesse, and laid siege to Ulm and Reutlingen.{{sfn|Knodler|2010|p=184}} He suffered a mortal wound,{{sfn|Knodler|2010|p=184}} and died 16 February 1247 in Wartburg Castle near Eisenach in Thuringia.{{sfn|Rogers|Caferro|Reid|2010|p=110}}
Personal life
File:Gertrude of Austria, wife of Henry Raspe.jpg
In 1228, Henry Raspe married Elisabeth (1206–1231), the daughter of Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg.{{sfn|Lyon|2013|p=241}} After her death, he married Gertrude ({{circa|1210/1215}} – 1241),{{sfn|Lyon|2013|p=243}} the daughter of Leopold VI, Duke of Austria. After Gertrude of Babenberg's death, he married Beatrice of Brabant (1225–1288),{{sfn|Lyon|2013|p=243}} the daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant.
All three of his marriages were childless.{{sfn|Rasmussen|1997|p=63}} After his death, the Emperor enfeoffed Thuringia to Henry III, Margrave of Meissen, the son of his sister Jutta.
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book |first=Eugene L. |last=Cox |title=The Eagles of Savoy |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1974}}{{ISBN?}}
- {{cite encyclopedia |chapter=Germany: Narrative (1125–1250) |first=Julia |last=Knodler |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology |volume=1 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 }}
- {{cite book |first=Jonathan R. |last=Lyon |title=Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250 |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2013 }}
- {{cite book |first=Ann Marie |last=Rasmussen |title=Mothers and Daughters in Medieval German Literature |url=https://archive.org/details/mothersdaughters0000rasm |url-access=registration |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0815603894 }}
- {{cite book | last1=Rogers | first1=C.J. | last2=Caferro | first2=W. | last3=Reid | first3=S. | title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology | publisher=Oxford University Press | issue=v. 1 | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-19-533403-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&pg=RA1-PA110}}
- {{cite book |first=William |last=Stubbs |title=Germany in the Later Middle Ages, 1200–1500 |url=https://archive.org/details/germanyinlaterm00unkngoog |publisher=Longmans, Green and Co. |year=1908 }}
- {{cite book |chapter=The Crusade of Frederick II |first=Thomas C. |last=Van Cleve |title=A History of the Crusades |volume=II |editor-first1=Robert Lee |editor-last1=Wolff |editor-first2=Harry W. |editor-last2=Hazard |publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press |year=1969 }}
- {{cite book |last=Van Cleve |first=Thomas C. |title=The Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: Immutator Mundi |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1972}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|Ludowingians||1204|16 February|1247}}
{{Succession box|
before=Hermann II|
title=Landgrave of Thuringia|
years=1241–1247|
after=Henry the Illustrious}}
{{S-bef|rows=|before=Frederick II and Conrad IV}}
{{S-dis|title=King of Germany|by=Frederick II and Conrad IV|years=1246–1247}}
{{S-aft|rows=|after=William}}
{{S-end}}
{{Monarchs of Germany}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raspe, Henry}}
Category:13th-century Kings of the Romans
Category:Landgraves of Thuringia