Henry Simpson (shipping)

Henry Simpson, who may have been born in Hull, arrived at Kangaroo Island 1836 as second officer to Captain Martin of the 105 ton two-masted schooner {{ship||John Pirie|ship|2}}, then captain of the Orwell 1842, the South Australia Company's schooner Victoria in 1943, and by 1844 captain of the John Pirie. He was later made captain of the barque Lord Hobart. According to A. T. Saunders he was known by the nickname "Cocky".{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article63188410 |title=Bank of Adelaide, Port Adelaide |newspaper=The Register |location=Adelaide |date=15 July 1921 |accessdate=30 April 2015 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

He was appointed wharfinger at the Old Port, then transferred to the New Port.

He started acting as a shipping agent around 1850, for a time involved with millers Phillips and P. A. Horn, and with Henry Giles (partnership dissolved January 1853). He left South Australia for the goldfields of Victoria mid-1853 and when he returned two years later, having already dealt in coal from Newcastle,{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38445516 |title=Tenders Accepted |newspaper=South Australian Register |location=Adelaide |date=9 February 1850 |accessdate=30 April 2015 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} started in a small way as a coal merchant, anticipating the rapid increase in coal-fuelled steam power. He leased the Queen's wharf and store, and the No. 4 bond store, and founded the Black Diamond line of colliers, and by 1866 had a fleet of 14 colliers, all sailing ships.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28789331 |title=Topics of the Day |newspaper=The South Australian Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=21 July 1866 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

Fairfield (1864, wrecked 1874),{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article39821020 |title=The Wreck of the Ship Fairfield |newspaper=South Australian Register |location=Adelaide |date=20 August 1874 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} Koh-i-noor, Julie Heyn (barque wrecked off Gerringong May 1865), Kadina (originally Jeanie B. Payne) 1865–1879, Moonta 1865, Frowning Beauty, Bosphorus (barque) 1866, Wallaroo, Meander (1866–1875), Contest (wrecked 1874),{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article159477739 |title=The Week's News |newspaper=Adelaide Observer |location=SA |date=27 June 1874 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=7 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} Verulam 1869, Exonia. By 1871 the Julie Heyn, Moonta and Frowning Beauty were no longer counted among their number.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article39251073 |title=The Coal Fleet |newspaper=South Australian Register |location=Adelaide |date=27 February 1871 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} Lanercost, Saxon, Stag (1872), J. L. Hall, Athena, Planter (Plantea?) and Ardencraig were acquired later. Simpson was curiously slow in adopting steam power for his little fleet of ships, introducing Ridge Park in 1879, Birksgate in 1881, and Tenterden in 1883.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article33770987 |title=Shipping |newspaper=The South Australian Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=8 October 1883 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} The Tenterden was sold in 1884. The naming of these steamer was significant: "Ridge Park" was the name of Simpson's residence in Glen Osmond; "Tenterden" was for a time the family home in Woodville, later the home of his son James. "Birksgate" was a residence owned by his business partner Thomas Elder.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4981280 |title=Correspondence |newspaper=The Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=23 June 1904 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

The Black Diamond line did more than just carry coal from Newcastle to Adelaide and Wallaroo; the Koh-i-noor brought some forty camels and their "Afghan" attendants from Karachi for Thomas Elder's Umbaratana station in 1868.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31984053 |title=Novel Overland Carriage |newspaper=The South Australian Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=13 November 1868 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} The Koh-i-noor was chartered by the South Australian Government to service the Northern Territory expedition in 1869.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article159466698 |title=The Week's News |newspaper=Adelaide Observer |location=SA |date=11 December 1869 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

Simpson was no cost-cutter – he kept his ships in top condition and employed some of the smartest skippers, paying generous bonuses when fast times were achieved.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article124760143 |title=Events of the Month |newspaper=The Wallaroo Times and Mining Journal |location=Port Wallaroo, SA |date=5 October 1872 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=3 Supplement: Supplement to the Wallaroo Times |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

Simpson was for a time owner of the Albert Hotel, Alberton, since demolished.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59897867 |title=Port Adelaide Public Houses |newspaper=The Register |location=Adelaide |date=16 January 1917 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=7 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

The company Simpson & Sons continued after Henry's death and owned the collier Otago, remembered as being in 1887 under the command of Joseph Conrad when her master Capt. Snadden died in the Gulf of Siam.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59026310 |title=Joseph Conrad Dead |newspaper=The Register |location=Adelaide |date=5 August 1924 |accessdate=29 April 2015 |page=7 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

A stained glass window in his memory, depicting the unloading of a ship, was installed in St Margaret's Church, Woodville, in 1936.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48170303 |title=Memorial Window To Pioneer Captain. |newspaper=The Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=17 August 1936 |accessdate=28 April 2015 |page=16 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

The "Black Diamond Corner" (intersection of St. Vincent Street and Commercial Road, Port Adelaide) was named for the Black Diamond Hotel,The hotel, owned by W. Knapman (1831–1908), which dated from 1879, was renamed "Central Hotel" in 1884. which was named for Simpson's Black Diamond shipping line. For many years at the centre of this intersection stood a white "silent cop" obelisk surmounted with a multi-faceted black glass structure.{{cite web|url=http://porthistory.net/about-us.html |title=About Port Adelaide |publisher=Port Adelaide Historical Society |accessdate=30 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219131152/http://porthistory.net/about-us.html |archivedate=19 February 2015 }}

He married Anne Liddon (1816 – 15 December 1878). Their children were:

• Henry Sieveright Simpson (c. 1842 – 5 August 1887) may have been the "Henry S. Simpson" sued in February 1887 by Ellen Stephenson for non-support of her illegitimate child.
• Dr. James Liddon Simpson (1844 – 28 December 1899) married Margaret Elphinstone Monteith (24 December 1853 – ) on 15 April 1875, lived at "Tenterden". She married again, to William Thow (died 9 March 1926), of Sydney, on 21 January 1901.
• Jessie Hall Simpson (1845 – 24 September 1932) married George Alexander Connor ( – 3 October 1925) on 26 July 1865. Connor worked for the Black Diamond line before joining the Port Adelaide branch of Bank of Adelaide.
• Emma Sophia Simpson (27 October 1851 – 8 September 1914) married William Milne (1849 – 14 December 1905), son of William Milne on 17 March 1870
• Alice Mary Simpson (1852 – 22 February 1923) married Joseph Sylvester O'Halloran on 17 August 1886
• William Amos Simpson (1855 – 10 November 1920)
• Lilian? Lilias? Anne "Lily" Simpson (29 March 1856 – 2 April 1910) married Leslie MacLaren ( – ) son of J. W. MacLaren of London on 22 August 1878
• Eva May Simpson (1 May 1859 – 31 July 1878) died at Ridge Park

Captain John James Simpson (died 24 December 1911) was a son of John Simpson of Rochester, Kent. He commanded sailing vessels of Black Diamond line then Birksgate and Tenterden.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5320733 |title=Personal |newspaper=The Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=30 December 1911 |accessdate=28 April 2015 |page=19 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} He married Agnes Grierson (died 19 July 1887) on 5 May 1880. She was daughter of Captain T. Grierson of Woodville and a sister of Mrs. W. R. Cave and Mrs. W. E. Slade. It is possible he was not related to Henry Simpson.

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Category:Australian ship owners

Category:History of Port Adelaide

Category:1815 births

Category:1884 deaths

Category:19th-century Australian businesspeople