Henry T. Elrod

{{Short description|US Marine Corps aviator and Medal of Honor recipient (1905–1941)}}

{{Infobox military person

| name = Henry Talmage Elrod

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|9|27}}

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|12|23|1905|9|27}}

| birth_place = Turner County, Georgia, US

| death_place = Wake Island

| placeofburial = Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia

| placeofburial_label = Place of burial

| image = Elrod HT USMC.jpg

| medal = Moh right.gif

| medal_alt = A light blue neck ribbon with a gold star shaped medallion hanging from it. The ribbon is similar in shape to a bowtie with 13 white stars in the center of the ribbon.

| caption = Henry T. Elrod

| nickname = "Hammering Hank"

| allegiance = {{flag|United States|1912}}

| branch = {{marines|USA}}

| serviceyears = 1927–1941

| rank = Major (posthumous)

| commands = Executive Officer

| unit = VMF-211

| battles = World War II

Battle of Wake Island {{KIA}}

| awards = Medal of Honor
Purple Heart
Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal with Wake Island Device

| laterwork =

}}

Henry Talmage "Hammerin' Hank" Elrod (September 27, 1905{{snd}}December 23, 1941) was a US Marine Corps aviator. He was the first aviator to receive the Medal of Honor during World War II, for his heroism in the defense of Wake Island.

Marine Corps service

Elrod was born on September 27, 1905, in Turner County, Georgia. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in December 1927, and was appointed a Marine second lieutenant in February 1931. He attended the University of Georgia and Yale University prior to his entry into the Marine Corps.

Following over a year at the Marine Corps Basic School in Philadelphia as a student aviator, Lieutenant Elrod was ordered to the Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. There he served as a company officer and as student aviator. In February 1935, he earned his wings and was transferred to Marine Corps Base Quantico, where he served as a Marine Aviator until January 1938. In addition to his other duties, he was his squadron's school, personnel, and welfare officer.

In July 1938, Elrod was ordered to a squadron in San Diego and served as their material, parachute, and personnel officer until January 1941, when he was detached to the Hawaiian area.

File:Kisaragi II.jpg

File:Wreckage Wildcat Wake Island.jpg

On December 4, 1941, Captain Elrod flew to Wake Island with twelve aircraft, twelve pilots, and the ground crew of Major Paul A. Putnam's fighter squadron, VMF-211. Hostilities in the air over Wake Island commenced on December 8, 1941. On December 12, he single-handedly attacked a flight of 22 enemy planes and shot down two. He executed several low-altitude bombing and strafing runs on enemy ships; during one of these attacks, he became the first man to sink a warship, the Japanese destroyer {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Kisaragi|1925|2}}, with small-caliber bombs delivered from a Wildcat fighter aircraft, dropping the bombs onto the destroyer's stern, causing the depth charges to explode.

When all the U.S. aircraft had been destroyed by Japanese fire, he organized remaining troops into a beach defense unit which repulsed repeated Japanese attacks. On December 23, 1941, Captain Elrod was mortally wounded while protecting his men who were carrying ammunition to a gun emplacement.

He was posthumously promoted to major on November 8, 1946, and his widow was presented with the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions during the defense of Wake Island. His widow, the former Elizabeth Hogun Jackson, was the niece of Admiral Richard H. Jackson and served as a commissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps.{{cite news |title=Wake Hero's Medal Is Given To Capt. Elrod, HIs Widow |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1946-11-09/ed-1/seq-6/ |work=Evening Star |date=November 9, 1946 |location=Washington, D.C. |page=A-6}}

Major Elrod was initially buried on Wake Island, but was reinterred in Arlington National Cemetery in October 1947."Major Henry Talmage Elrod", Who's Who in Marine Corps History.{{cite news |title=Vessel With 3,028 War Dead Docks in San Francisco Today |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1947-10-10/ed-1/seq-4/ |work=Evening Star |date=October 10, 1947 |location=Washington, D.C. |page=A-4}}{{cite web |url=https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgVlbHJvZBIFaGVucnk-/ |title=Burial Detail: Elrod, Henry T. (Section 12, Grave 3246) |work= ANC Explorer|publisher=Arlington National Cemetery |id=(Official website)}}{{cite web |title=World War II Medal of Honor Recipients |url=https://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Explore/Notable-Graves/Casualties-of-War-and-Honorary-War-Veterans/World-War-II-Medal-of-Honor-Recipients |website=Arlington National Cemetery |accessdate=20 March 2019}}

Posthumous honors

The main road leading in to the Marine Corps Officer Candidate School is named after Elrod.{{Cite web

|accessdate=2007-10-28

|url=http://www.ocs.usmc.mil/FAQ.html

|title=FAQs – Mailing address for candidates

|publisher=Officer Candidates School, United States Marine Corps

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205110232/http://www.ocs.usmc.mil/FAQ.html

|archive-date=2007-02-05

|url-status=dead

}}

The City of Ashburn, Georgia (the county seat of Turner County) dedicated a park to Elrod in 2010.{{cite web|title=Ashburn park named for CMOH winner|url=http://www.walb.com/story/25465511/ashburn-park-named-for-cmoh-winner/|date=May 8, 2014|website=WALB|access-date=October 10, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010131202/http://www.walb.com/story/25465511/ashburn-park-named-for-cmoh-winner/ |archive-date=October 10, 2018}}

The U.S. Navy Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate, {{USS|Elrod|FFG-55}}, is named in his honor.{{Cite web

|accessdate=2007-10-28

|url=http://www.elrod.navy.mil/namesake.htm

|title= "Ship's Namesake", USS Elrod official website

|publisher= United States Navy |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071009081801/http://www.elrod.navy.mil/namesake.htm |archivedate = 2007-10-09}} In 1995 Elrod was inducted into the Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame.{{cite web|title=Henry T. Elrod|url=http://www.gaaviationhalloffame.com/Hall-of-Fame.48.0.html?avid=34|access-date=October 9, 2018|website=Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame|archive-date=June 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602002219/http://www.gaaviationhalloffame.com/Hall-of-Fame.48.0.html?avid=34|url-status=dead}}

File:20-02-091-aviation.jpg]]

Awards

style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"

|colspan="4"|200px

colspan="4"|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Medal of Honor ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Purple Heart ribbon.svg|width=106}}

{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Combat Action Ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=United States Navy Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=Marine Corps Expeditionary ribbon.svg|width=106}}

{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=Asiatic-Pacific Campaign ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"

colspan="9"|Naval Aviator Badge

colspan="4.5" align="center" |Medal of Honor

|colspan="4.5" align="center" |Purple Heart

colspan="3"|Combat Action Ribbon
(posthumous)

|colspan="3"|Navy Presidential Unit Citation

|colspan="3"|Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal
with "Wake Island" clasp

colspan="3"|American Defense Service Medal
with "Base" clasp

|colspan="3"|Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
with one battle star

|colspan="3"|World War II Victory Medal

Note – all the awards above, except for the American Defense Service Medal and a previous award of the Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal, were awarded posthumously.

=Medal of Honor citation=

The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to

for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while attached to Marine Fighting Squadron TWO HUNDRED ELEVEN, during action against enemy Japanese land, surface and aerial units at Wake Island, from 8 to 23 December 1941. Engaging vastly superior forces of enemy bombers and warships on 9 and 12 December, Captain Elrod shot down two of a flight of twenty-two hostile planes and, executing repeated bombing and strafing runs at extremely low altitude and close range, succeeded in inflicting deadly damage upon a large Japanese vessel, thereby sinking the first major warship to be destroyed by small caliber bombs delivered from a fighter-type aircraft. When his plane was disabled by hostile fire and no other ships were operative, Captain Elrod assumed command of one flank of the line set up in defiance of the enemy landing and conducting a brilliant defense, enabled his men to hold their positions and repulse determined Japanese attacks, repeatedly proceeding through intense hostile fusillades to provide covering fire for unarmed ammunition carriers. Capturing an automatic weapon during one enemy rush in force, he gave his own firearm to one of his men and fought on vigorously against the Japanese. Responsible in a large measure of the strength of his sector's gallant resistance, on 23 December, Captain Elrod led his men with bold aggressiveness until he fell, mortally wounded. His superb skill as a pilot, daring leadership and unswerving devotion to duty distinguished him among the defenders of Wake Island, and his valiant conduct reflects the highest credit upon himself and the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country. {{Cite web

|accessdate=2007-09-03

|url=http://www.usmc.mil/moh.nsf/000003c919889c0385255f980058f5b6/000003c919889c0385255

|title=Capt. Henry T. Elrod, Medal of Honor, 1941, VMF-211, Wake Island

|publisher=United States Marine Corps

}}

Notes

:{{Marine Corps}}

References

Tillman, Barrett Flight Journal, Volume 13, Number 2, April, 2008 The Rarest Birds, p. 72
{{Cite web

|accessdate=2007-09-03

|url=http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Elrod_HT.htm

|title=Major Henry Talmage Elrod, USMC

|work=Who's Who in Marine Corps History

|publisher=History Division, United States Marine Corps

|archive-date=2011-05-16

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516214039/http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Elrod_HT.htm

|url-status=dead

}}

{{Cite web

|accessdate=2007-09-03

|url=http://www.usmc.mil/moh.nsf/000003c919889c0385255f980058f5b6/000003c919889c0385255

|title=Capt. Henry T. Elrod, Medal of Honor, 1941, VMF-211, Wake Island

|work=Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor

|publisher=United States Marine Corps

}}

{{Cite web

|accessdate = 2007-10-28

|url = http://www.elrod.navy.mil/

|title = USS Elrod official website

|publisher = United States Navy

|url-status = dead

|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071026005923/http://www.elrod.navy.mil/

|archivedate = 2007-10-26

}}

Ramsey, William L. Wake Island Wildcat: A Marine Fighter Pilot's Epic Battle at the Beginning of World War II (Stackpole Books).

External links

{{Citation|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/htelrod.htm|title=Henry Talmage Elrod|date=26 August 2023 |publisher=ArlingtonCemetery.net |id=(Unofficial website)}}
{{Cite web

|accessdate=

|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/shiphist/e/ffg55.htm

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907083117/http://history.navy.mil/shiphist/e/ffg55.htm

|url-status=dead

|archive-date=September 7, 2006

|title= USS Elrod Ship History

|publisher= United States Navy}}

Category:1905 births

Category:1941 deaths

Category:United States Marine Corps personnel killed in World War II

Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery

Category:United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients