Heptadecaphobia
{{Short description|Fear of the number 17}}
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{{Infobox medical condition
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Heptadecaphobia (Greek: {{lang|grc|δεκαεπτά}} {{transl|grc|dekaepta}}, "seventeen" and {{lang|grc|φόβος}}, {{transl|grc|phobos}}, "fear") or heptadekaphobia is the fear of the number 17. It is considered to be ill-fated in Italy and other countries of Greek and Latin origins, while the date Friday the 17th is considered especially unfortunate in Italy. The number is feared due to superstition, and is similar in nature to the fear of the number 13 in Anglo-Saxon countries.
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History
In Ancient Greece, the number 17 was despised by followers of Pythagoras, as the number was between 16 and 18, which were perfect representations of 4×4 and 3×6 quadrilaterals, respectively.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cicap.org/piemonte/cicap.php?section=articoli&tipo=articolo&nome=17_iella_numeri|title=17, la iella in numeri|language=it|website=gruppi.cicap.org|access-date=2020-01-09}}
In the Genesis flood narrative, it is written that the flood began on the 17th of the second month (Genesis, 7–11).{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+7%3A11&version=KJV|title=Bible Gateway passage: Genesis 7:11 - King James Version|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=2020-01-09}}{{npsn|date=August 2024}}{{clarification needed|date=August 2024|reason=So what? Anyone can quote random Bible passages. We need secondary sources stating that this has been commonly interpreted in Italy as meaning that every 17th of the month is to be feared.}}
It has been suggested that the Romans found the number 17 disturbing because in Roman numerals XVII is an anagram of vixi, meaning "I have lived" (i.e. I am dead).{{Cite web |last=Jasiński |first=Jakub |title=Unhappy number 17 « Imperium Romanum |url=https://imperiumromanum.pl/en/curiosities/unhappy-number-17/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |language=en-US}}
In La smorfia napoletana, a "dictionary" that associated certain vocabulary words to numbers to be played in the lottery, the number 17 is associated with {{lang|it|'a Disgrazzia}} ("misfortune").{{Cite web|url=https://www.smorfia.org/numero/17|title=Numero 17 nella smorfia napoletana - 'a Disgrazzia ( La sfortuna)|language=it|date=2016-07-07|website=Smorfia.org|access-date=2020-01-09}}
Friday the 17th
In Italy, Friday the 17th (friggaheptadekaphobia or paraskevidekaeftaphobia{{cn|date=January 2024}}) is a date of misfortune, as it is a date of two negatives: Friday (from Good Friday, the day of Jesus' death) and the number 17.{{Cite web|url=http://www.tgcom.mediaset.it/cronaca/articoli/articolo430229.shtml|title=Venerdì 17, una giornata temuta|language=it|last=|first=|date=October 16, 2008|website=TGCOM|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017122635/http://www.tgcom.mediaset.it/cronaca/articoli/articolo430229.shtml|archive-date=October 17, 2008 }} It occurs when the 17th day of the month in the Gregorian calendar falls on a Friday, which happens at least once every year but can occur up to three times in the same year. For example, 2017 and 2023 had a Friday the 17th in February, March, and November, which also happened thrice in January, April, and July in 2020; 2015 and 2021 had two Friday the 17ths, as will 2025 through 2028; 2016, 2018, 2019, 2022 and 2024 had just one Friday the 17th. {{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/weekday-friday-17 |title=Months and Years having Friday the 17th }}
Friday the 17th is similar to other unfortunate dates: for example, in Anglo-Saxon countries, this date is Friday the 13th, while in Spain, Greece, and South America, this date is Tuesday the 13th.
In mass media, the theme is portrayed in movies, such as The Virtuous Bigamist (Italian: Era di venerdì 17) and Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the 13th (Italian: Shriek - Hai impegni per venerdì 17?), where in English the title refers to the number 13.)
A month has a Friday the 17th if and only if it begins on a Wednesday.
See also
- List of phobias, including Numerophobia