Hernici#Language

The Hernici were an Italic tribe of ancient Italy, whose territory was in Latium between the Fucine Lake and the Sacco River (Trerus), bounded by the Volsci on the south, and by the Aequi and the Marsi on the north.

History

[[File:Aurunci Hernici Latini Marsi Volsci.jpg|thumb|250px|Settlements in central Italy ({{circa}} 400 BCE).

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For many years of the early Roman Republic, the Hernici were allied with Rome and fought alongside it against its neighbours.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

In 495 BC Livy records that they entered into a treaty with the Volsci against ancient Rome.Livy, Ab urbe condita, 2.22{{cite book|author=Barthold Georg Niebuhr|title=Niebuhr's History of Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7UUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA180|year=1845|publisher=D.A. Talboys|pages=180–}}

They long maintained their independence, and in 486 BC they were still strong enough to conclude an equal treaty with the Latins.Livy, ii. 41.{{sfn|Rowland|1983|p=758}}Dionysius of Halicarnassus viii. 64 and 68

In 475 BC they fought alongside the Latins against the Aequi and Volsci, and in the same year fought alongside Rome against the Veientes and Sabines.Livy, ii. 53. In 468 BC they fought alongside Rome against the Volsci.Livy, ii. 64.

In 464 BC they warned Rome of the betrayal of Ecetra, and fought alongside Rome against the Aequi who were allied with the Ecetrans.Livy, iii.4-5.

They broke away from Rome in 362Livy vii.6 if. and in 306,Livy ix.42 when their chief town Anagnia was taken and reduced to a praefectura, but Ferentinum, Aletrium and Verulae were rewarded for their fidelity by being allowed to remain free municipia, a position which at that date they preferred to the civitas.{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Hernici|volume=13|page=374|first=Robert Seymour|last=Conway|author-link=Robert Seymour Conway}}

The name of the Hernici, like that of the Volsci, is missing from the list of Italian peoples whom PolybiusPolybius, ii. 24 describes as able to furnish troops in 225 BC. By that date, therefore, their territory cannot have been distinguished from Latium generally, and it seems probable that they had then received the full Roman citizenship. The oldest Latin inscriptions of the district (from FerentinumC.I.L. x. 5837-5840) are earlier than the Social War, and present no local characteristic.

Language

{{Infobox language

|name=Hernican

|states=

|region=Italy

|extinct=yes

|familycolor=Indo-European

|fam2=Italic

|fam3=Osco-Umbrian

|fam4=Oscan?

|script=Old Italic alphabet

|iso3=xhr

|linglist=xhr

|glotto=hemi1234

}}

A couple of inscriptions show that the Hernican language was a member of the group of Osco-Umbrian (Sabellian) languages. Their name, with its "co" termination, classes them along with the "co"-tribes, like the Volsci, who would seem to have been earlier inhabitants of the west coast of Italy, rather than with the tribes whose names were formed with the "no"-suffix.

Gentes of Hernician origin

References

Bibliography

= Primary sources =

Livius, Ab Urbe Condita. Liber VII. ({{circa}} 27–9 BCE, in Latin).
{{cite book |author=Livy |translator=Canon Roberts |date=1905 |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_7 |title=From the Founding of the City. Book 7.}}
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, Book VIII.
Polybios, Ἱστορίαι (Historiai) ({{circa}} 145–120 BCE, in Greek).
{{cite book |author=Polybius |translator=Evelyn S. Shuckburgh |title=Histories, Book 2. |chapter=Forces Available to the Romans |date=1962 |orig-date=1889 |publisher=Macmillan / Bloomington / Perseus Digital Library |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plb.+2.24&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0234 |access-date=15 December 2024}}

= Literature =

{{Cite journal |last=Rowland |first=Robert J. |date=1983 |title=Rome's Earliest Imperialism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41532980 |journal=Latomus |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=749–762 |jstor=41532980 |issn=0023-8856}}