Hertsa

The Hertsa region was part of the Moldavia historical region. In 1859, Moldavia united with Wallachia, forming the United Principalities of Moldavia and Walachia, which after the Romanian War of Independence became the Kingdom of Romania, with Hertsa being incorporated into the Dorohoi County, and then into Ținutul Suceava.

In June 1940, it was annexed by the Soviet Union together with Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia, although this territory was not mentioned in the Soviet ultimatum or in the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, being an integral part of the Old Kingdom. The Red Army also occupied this land, probably due to its strategic position over the city of Cernăuți and attached it to the Ukrainian SSR.{{cite web |last= Blaga |first= Michael Nicholas |title= Cum ne-a luat Molotov Bucovina și Ținutul Herței |lang=ro |trans-title= How Molotov took from us Bukovina and Hertsa County |magazine= Historia |url=https://www.historia.ro/sectiune/general/articol/cum-ne-a-luat-molotov-bucovina-si-tinutul-hertei |access-date=6 December 2020}} The Romanian Army liberated the region in June 1941, during the first days of Operation Barbarossa. In August 1944, the Soviet Union reoccupied the city during the Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Almost all the Jews who lived in the town (1,204) and in the rest of the Hertsa area (14) were deported to Transnistria by the Romanian authorities in 1941, where most of them died; only 450 were alive in December 1943, when the repatriation of the Jews to Dorohoi County by the Romanian authorities started.See https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/923 and Publikationstelle Wien, Die Bevölkerungzählung in Rumänien, 1941, Viena 1943. For the entire Dorohoi County ("Judet"), most of which remained in Romania, 6,425 Jews survived the deportations to Transnistria, while 5,131 died due to the deportations of 1941.See Jean Ancel, The History of the Holocaust in Romania (Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press and Jerusalem, Yad Vashem, 2011) p. 550, 558, on the number of survivors as of November 15, 1943, and "Situatie Numerica de evreii ucisi sub regimul de dictatura din Romania de la data de 6 decembrie 1940, pana la 23 august 1944, precum si acelor deportati in acelasi interval de timp si nereintorsi la domiciliu", in "Nota Ministerului Afacerilor Interne, Directia Generala a Politiei, Directia Politiei de Siguranta, Sectia Nationalitati Nr. 780-S din 6 Main 1946 Catre M.A.S.", in Ion Calafeteanu, Nicolae Dinu and Teodor Gheorghe, Emigrarea Populatiei Evreiesti din Romania in 1940-1944, Culegere de Documente din Arhiva Ministerului Afaceror Externe al Romaniei (Bucuresti, Silex - Casa de Editura, Presa si IMpresariat S.R.L., Bucuresti, 1993), p. 246.

From 1962 until December 1991, Hertsa was part of Hlyboka Raion.Герца, Глибоцький район, Чернівецька область // Історія міст і сіл Української РСР. Чернівецька область. — Київ, Головна редакція УРЕ АН УРСР, 1969.Герца // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 6. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1971.Герца // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 1. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1991. стр.296Постанова Президії Верховної Ради України № 1892-XII від 2 грудня 1991 р. "Про утворення Герцаївського району Чернівецької області" Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it has been part of independent Ukraine. Until 18 July 2020, Hertsa served as an administrative center of Hertsa Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Hertsa Raion was merged into Chernivtsi Raion.{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=3 October 2020 |date=18 July 2020 |website=Голос України |language=uk}}{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=Ukrainian|accessdate=18 February 2024}}

On 26 January 2024, a new law entered into force which abolished the status of some urban-type settlements, and the more populous other mostly ethnically Romanian cities, Krasnoilsk, formerly of Storozhynets Raion until 2020, and Solotvyno in Tiachiv Raion in Zakarpattia Oblast became rural settlements.{{cite news |title=Что изменится в Украине с 1 января |url=https://glavnoe.in.ua/ru/novosti/chto-yzmenytsya-v-ukrayne-s-1-yanvarya |work=glavnoe.in.ua |lang=ru| date=1 January 2024}}

Hertsa has a Romanian-language newspaper, Gazeta de Herța.{{Efn|Website: https://gazetadeherta.com/}}Available through the WayBack Machine at https://web.archive.org/web/20240827233235/https://gazetadeherta.com/

In 1969, Hertsa had 1,500 inhabitants. In January 1989, the population was 2,360 people,[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу] while in January 2013, the population was 2,122 people.{{Cite web |url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2013/sb_nnas_2012.pdf |title=Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2013. стор.108 |access-date=1 August 2019|archive-date=12 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012013028/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2013/sb_nnas_2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}

As of 2001, the majority of the inhabitants (71.18%, or 1,445 people) identified themselves as Romanians, 17.88% (or 363 people) as Ukrainians, 6.35% (or 129 people) as Russians and 3.4% (or 69 people) as Moldovans.{{Cite web |url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/DataSort.asp?Matrix=19A050501_02_073&timeid=2019823102750&lang=1&noofvar=3&numberstub=1&NoOfValues=1 |title=19A050501_02_073. Розподіл населення за рідною мовою, Чернівецька область (1,2,3,4) |access-date=23 August 2019|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927031232/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/DataSort.asp?Matrix=19A050501_02_073&timeid=2019823102750&lang=1&noofvar=3&numberstub=1&NoOfValues=1 |url-status=dead }} The Ukrainian census of 2001, ethnicity/nationality data by localities, at http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-ethnic2001.htm According to the 2001 census, the majority of the population of Herțsa (2,030 inhabitants overall) was Romanian-speaking (70.79% or 1,437 people, including 68.08%, or 1,382 people, who called it Romanian, and 2.71%, or 55 people, who called it "Moldovan"), with Ukrainian (17.98%, or 365 people) and Russian speakers (10.89%, or 221 people) in the minority.See the Ukrainian census of 2001, language data by localities, at https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/. The reason why the term "Moldovan language" appears within quotation marks is because this is how this is written on this official statistical website of the Republic of Moldova. See {{cite web|url=https://statistica.gov.md/ro/rezultatele-preliminare-ale-recensamantului-populatiei-si-locuintelor-2024-10077_61626.html|title=Rezultatele preliminare ale Recensământului Populației și Locuințelor 2024|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova|date=30 January 2025|language=ro}}The Ukrainian census of 2001, language data by cities, at https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/languages-cities In the last Soviet census of 1989, out of 2,122 inhabitants, 409 declared themselves Ukrainians (14.27%), 1,327 Romanians (62.54%), 116 Moldovans (5.47%), and 222 Russians (10.46%).Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 216. The decline in the number and proportion of Moldovans was explained by a switch from a census Moldovan to a census Romanian ethnic identity, and has continued after the 2001 census.Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 261. Hertsa is the only city in Ukraine that is mostly ethnically Romanian as well as the only one that is mostly Romanian-speaking.The Ukrainian census of 2001, language data by cities, at https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/languages-raions, available through the WayBack Machine at https://web.archive.org/web/20240827232841/https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/languages-cities.The Ukrainian census of 2001, ethnicity/nationality data by localities, at http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-ethnic2001.htm<, available through the WayBack Machine at https://web.archive.org/web/20240827232346/http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-ethnic2001.htm.The Ukrainian census of 2001, language data by localities, at https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/, available through the WayBack Machine at https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/.

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, out of 17,519 inhabitants of the Hertsa urban territorial hromada, established in 2020, 16,627 spoke Romanian as their mother tongue (94.91%), out of which 16,485 inhabitants (94.06%) called the language Romanian and 142 (0.81%) called it "Moldovan".The Ukrainian census of 2001, language data by localities, at https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/, available through the WayBack Machine at https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/. Moreover, 572 inhabitants were Ukrainian-speaking (3.27%), 298 were Russian-speaking (0.17%), while 25 spoke other languages (0.14%).The Ukrainian census of 2001, language data by localities, at https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/, available through the WayBack Machine at https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/.

• Gheorghe Asachi (1788–1869), Moldavian and later Romanian prose writer, poet, painter, historian, dramatist, engineer, and translator
• Herman Finer (1898–1969), Jewish Romanian-born British political scientist and Fabian socialist
• {{ill|Moisei Goldblat|ru|Гольдблат, Моисей Исаакович|uk|Гольдблат Мойсей Ісаакович}} (1896–1974), Jewish Romanian-born actor and director
• Lucas Gridoux (1896–1952), Romanian-born French stage and film actor

file:Hertsa (Herta),former synagogue,now-Culture palace.jpg|Former synagogue, now Palace of Culture

file:Former synagogue in Hertsa (Herta).jpg|Former synagogue

• Hertsa region
• Dorohoi County

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{Chernivtsi Oblast}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Cities in Chernivtsi Oblast

Category:Cities of district significance in Ukraine