Heteroborane
{{Short description|Class of compounds of boron}}
Heteroboranes are classes of boranes in which at least one boron atom is replaced by another elements. Like many of the related boranes, these clusters are polyhedra and are similarly classified as closo-, nido-, arachno-, and hypho-, according to the so-called electron count. Closo- represents a complete polyhedron, while nido-, arachno- and hypho- stand for polyhedrons that are missing one, two and three vertices.
Besides carbon (carboranes or carbaboranes), other elements can also be included in the heteroborane molecules as well, such as Si (silaboranes), N (azaboranes, including borazine), P (phosphaboranes), As (arsaboranes), Sb (stibaboranes), O (oxaboranes{{cite journal | doi=10.1039/D2SC01840C | title=Synthesis of oxaboranes via nickel-catalyzed dearylative cyclocondensation | date=2022 | last1=Koeritz | first1=Mason T. | last2=Banovetz | first2=Haley K. | last3=Prell | first3=Sean A. | last4=Stanley | first4=Levi M. | journal=Chemical Science | volume=13 | issue=26 | pages=7790–7795 | pmid=35865885 | pmc=9258507 }}), S (thiaboranes{{cite journal | url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/cc/c9cc00952c | doi=10.1039/C9CC00952C | title=Thiaborane clusters with an exoskeletal B–H group | date=2019 | last1=Vrána | first1=Jan | last2=Holub | first2=Josef | last3=Samsonov | first3=Maksim A. | last4=Růžičková | first4=Zdeňka | last5=Fanfrlík | first5=Jindřich | last6=Hnyk | first6=Drahomír | last7=Růžička | first7=Aleš | journal=Chemical Communications | volume=55 | issue=23 | pages=3375–3378 | pmid=30816893 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/11168556/Exploring_the_Chemistry_of_Thiaboranes/ | title=Exploring the Chemistry of Thiaboranes | date=19 July 2019 }}), Se (selenaboranes) and Te (telluraboranes), either alone or in combination.{{cite book | chapter-url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471238961.0215181519030821.a01.pub2 | doi=10.1002/0471238961.0215181519030821.a01.pub2 | chapter=Boron Hydrides, Heteroboranes, and their Metalla Derivatives | title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology | date=2002 | last1=Schubert | first1=David M. | isbn=978-0-471-48494-3 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_736.htm | title=R-9.3 a PREFIXES USED IN REPLACEMENT NOMENCLATURE }}
Structurally, some heteroboranes can be derived from the icosahedral (Ih) Dodecaborate anion via formal replacement of its BH fragments with isoelectronic {{chem2|CH+}}, {{chem2|P+}} or {{chem2|S(2+)}} fragments,{{cn|date=November 2023}} e.g., Carborane#Monocarba derivatives and Carborane#Icosahedral carboranes (two of the carboranes), closo-1,2-{{chem2|P2B10H10}}{{cite journal | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00997a058 | doi=10.1021/ja00997a058 | title=Phosphaboranes and carbaphosphaboranes | date=1967 | last1=Little | first1=John L. | last2=Moran | first2=John T. | last3=Todd | first3=Lee J. | journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume=89 | issue=21 | pages=5495–5496 }} (one of the phosphaboranes) or closo-1-{{chem2|SB11H11}} (one of the thiaboranes).
Heteroboranes are used in various fields, such as drug discovery, imaging{{cln|reason=What type of imaging in what field?|date=November 2023}}, and nanotechnology.{{cn|date=November 2023}}