Heungnyemun
{{Short description|Gate of Gyeongbokgung in Seoul, South Korea}}
{{Infobox building
|name=Heungnyemun
|image=File:Gyeongbok Palace, Seoul.23.jpg
|image_caption=The gate (2005)
|coordinates={{coord|37|34|37|N|126|58|37|E|display=inline,title}}
|embedded={{Infobox Korean name
| hangul = 흥례문
| hanja = 興禮門
| rr = Heungnyemun
| mr = Hŭngnyemun
|child=yes
}}
}}
Heungnyemun ({{korean|흥례문|興禮門}}) is a gate of the palace Gyeongbokgung in Seoul, South Korea.
History
{{See also|History of Gyeongbokgung}}
Heungnyemun is the second gate of the three gate system and entrance to the oejo ({{Korean/auto|hangul=외조|hanja=外朝|labels=no}}; the outermost and most public-facing part of Joseon palaces{{sfn|Cultural Heritage Administration|2009|pp=67–68}}).{{Sfn|서정남|2007|p=154}} It was originally called Jeongmun ({{Korean/auto|hangul=^정문|hanja=正門|mr=yes|labels=no}}),{{sfn|Cultural Heritage Administration|2009|p=107}} and was named Hongnyemun ({{Korean/auto|hangul=홍례문|hanja=弘禮門|labels=no}}) in 1426.{{Sfn|이강근|2007|p=37}}{{Sfn|김웅호|2022a|p=109}}{{sfn|Cultural Heritage Administration|2009|p=97}} After it was reconstructed, it received its current name.{{sfn|Cultural Heritage Administration|2009|p=105}} The name change was to avoid using an identical Hanja character as was used in the birth name of the Chinese Qianlong Emperor.{{Sfn|Seoul Historiography Institute|2022b|p=273}} It was demolished in July 1914 for the Chōsen Industrial Exhibition.{{Sfn|Cultural Heritage Administration|2020|p=272}}{{Sfn|Park|Woo|2007|p=134|pp=}} In its place was built the temporary Exhibition Building No. 1, which was completed by 1915.{{Sfn|Seoul Historiography Institute|2022b|pp=277–278}} In 1916, the Government-General of Chōsen Building began to be built in its place. After that building was demolished, Heungnyemun was reconstructed between September 11, 1997 to October 26, 2001.{{Sfn|Choi|2010|pp=200–201}}
References
{{Reflist}}
=Sources=
- {{Cite book |url=https://www.cha.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?nttId=84545&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1021&pageIndex=2&pageUnit=10&searchCnd=tc&searchWrd=%ea%b2%bd%eb%b3%b5%ea%b6%81&ctgryLrcls=&ctgryMdcls=&ctgrySmcls=&ntcStartDt=&ntcEndDt=&searchUseYn=Y&mn=NS_03_08_01 |script-title=ko:경복궁 2차: 복원기본계획 조정용역 |trans-title=Gyeongbokgung No. 2: Basic Restoration Plan |date=December 2020 |publisher=Cultural Heritage Administration Royal Palaces and Tombs Center |language=ko |ref={{SfnRef|Cultural Heritage Administration|2020}}}}
- {{Cite book |url=https://www.cha.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?nttId=1539&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1021&pageIndex=6&pageUnit=10&searchCnd=tc&searchWrd=%ea%b2%bd%eb%b3%b5%ea%b6%81&ctgryLrcls=&ctgryMdcls=&ctgrySmcls=&ntcStartDt=&ntcEndDt=&searchUseYn=Y&mn=NS_03_08_01 |script-title=ko:경복궁 변천사 (上) |trans-title=History of Gyeongbokgung's Changes (Vol. 1) |date=August 2007 |publisher=Cultural Heritage Administration |language=ko |ref={{SfnRef|Cultural Heritage Administration|2007}}}}
- {{harvc |author=이강근 |year=2007 |c=창건이후의 변천과정 고찰 |in=Cultural Heritage Administration}}
- {{harvc |author=서정남 |year=2007 |c=경복궁 궁장 변천과정 및 지형분석 |in=Cultural Heritage Administration }}
- {{Cite book |url=https://history.seoul.go.kr/archive/ebook/view.do?bookguid=35886086-BA41-4591-B22B-933D86F9DF3A |date=October 30, 2022 |publisher=Seoul Historiography Institute |isbn=9791160711462 |volume=1. 궁궐의 훼철과 박람회 |language=ko |script-title=ko:이미지로 읽는 근대 서울 |trans-title=Reading Modern Seoul Through Images |ref={{SfnRef|Seoul Historiography Institute|2022b}}}}
- {{Cite book |url=https://www.cha.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?nttId=14457&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1021&pageIndex=26&pageUnit=10&searchCnd=tc&searchWrd=%ea%b6%81&ctgryLrcls=&ctgryMdcls=&ctgrySmcls=&ntcStartDt=&ntcEndDt=&searchUseYn=Y&mn=NS_03_08_01 |title= |date=2009-12-07 |publisher=Cultural Heritage Administration |isbn=978-89-6325-247-6 |language=ko |script-title=ko:조선시대 궁궐 용어해설 |trans-title=Glossary of Joseon-era Palaces |ref={{SfnRef|Cultural Heritage Administration|2009}}}}
- {{Cite book |url=https://history.seoul.go.kr/archive/ebook/view.do?bookguid=CC822E1F-5A3E-4011-A96A-245F90EE1425&codeId=&key=&pageIndex=1&orderBy=registDe+desc&sw=%EA%B6%81%EA%B6%90&arrSc=&period=&sc_wDateS=2025.01.25&sc_wDateE=2025.02.01&sw=&separator=and&sw=&separator=and |script-title=ko:서울 역사 답사기 6: 종묘사직, 궁궐, 성균관 |trans-title=A Survey of Seoul's History Vol. 6: Jongmyo Shrine, Palaces, and Sungkyunkwan |date=2022-11-14 |publisher=Seoul Historiography Institute |isbn=979-11-6071-148-6 |location=Seoul |language=ko |ref={{SfnRef|Seoul Historiography Institute|2022a}}}}
- {{harvc |author=김웅호 |year=2022a |c=조선왕조를 대표하는 공간 |in=Seoul Historiography Institute}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Choi |first=Jong‐Deok |date=2010-04-01 |title=The palace, the city and the past: controversies surrounding the rebuilding of the Gyeongbok Palace in Seoul, 1990–2010 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02665431003613014 |journal=Planning Perspectives |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=193–213 |doi=10.1080/02665431003613014 |issn=0266-5433}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Park |last2=Woo |date=May 2007 |script-title=ko:일제강점기 경복궁 전각의 훼철과 이건 |url=https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00836783&language=en_US&hasTopBanner=true |journal=대한건축학회 논문집 - 계획계 |language=ko |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=133–140 |issn=1226-9093|first=Sung-Jin|via=DBpia|first2=Don-Son|trans-title=The Disposal and Removal of the Gyeongbokgung Palace's Buildings during the Japanese Ruling Era}}