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Hibito–Cholon languages

{{Short description|Proposed language family of Peru}}

{{Infobox language family

| name = Hibito–Cholón

| altname = Cholónan

| acceptance = tentative

| region = Peru

| familycolor = American

| family = Proposed language family

| glotto = hibi1242

| glottorefname = Hibito–Cholon

| child1 = Hibito {{extinct}}

| child2 = Cholón ({{extinct}})

| child3 = ? Culle {{extinct}}

| child4 = ? Chachapoya {{extinct}}

| speakers = 1 rememberer (2021)

}}

The moribund Hibito–Cholón or Cholónan languages form a proposed language family that links two languages of Peru, Hibito and Cholón. This family was believed to be extinct but in 2021 a semispeaker was rediscovered; she is Martha Pérez Valderrama, and she is currently the only known speaker of this language family (specifically from the Cholón).{{Cite web |title=Cholon {{!}} The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America |url=https://ailla.lib.utexas.edu/collections/505/ |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=ailla.utexas.org}}{{Cite web |title=The Cholon Language Collection of Luis Miguel Rojas Berscia {{!}} The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America |url=https://ailla.utexas.org/islandora/object/ailla:283752 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=ailla.utexas.org}} They may also be related to the extinct Culle language, and perhaps to the language of the Chachapoya, but the data for all of these languages is poor.

Language contact

Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kechua, Leko, Mapudungun, Mochika, Kandoshi, Muniche, and Barbakoa language families due to contact.{{cite thesis|last=Jolkesky |first=Marcelo Pinho de Valhery |date=2016 |url=http://www.etnolinguistica.org/tese:jolkesky-2016-arqueoecolinguistica |title=Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas |type=Ph.D. dissertation |location=Brasília |publisher=University of Brasília |edition=2}}

Lexicon

Several basic Hibito and Cholon words appear to be related, though the data on both languages is poor. The following examples are given in the ad hoc orthography of the three sources we have on these languages:

:

class="wikitable"
{{sm|gloss}}treewaterdaughterson
Cholón

| mech / meš

| cot / quõt / köta

| ñu / -ñu

| pul / -pul

Hibito

| mixs / mitš

| cachi / otšj

| ñoo

| pool

Comparative word list of Hibito and Cholon from Loukotka (1949):Loukotka, Čestmír. 1949. Sur Quelques Langues Inconnues de l'Amerique du Sud. Lingua Posnaniensis I: 53-82.

;Notes

  • (Sp.) = Spanish loanword (excluded)

;Sources used by Loukotka (1949) — Hibito

  • Manuscript by Martínez Compañón from the 1700s
  • Tessmann (1930)

;Sources Loukotka (1949) — Cholon

  • Mata (1748)Mata, Fr. Pedro de la. 1748. Arte de la lengua Cholona. Trujillo. Manuscript held at the British Museum in London. (Republished in Inca (1923), vol. 1, pp. 690-750. Lima.)
  • Tessmann (1930)Tessmann, Günter. 1930. Die Indianer Nordost-Perus: grundlegende Forschungen für eine systematische Kulturkunde. Hamburg: Friederichsen, de Gruyter.

:

class="wikitable sortable"

! French gloss
(original) !! English gloss
(translated) !! Hibito !! Cholon !! comparisons

animalanimal(Sp.)(Sp.)
arbretreemixsmees-ñgup
boiredrinkvviknig
cielskypuxamsenta
cœurheartthuo-suikaluñač
dieuGoddiosču(Sp.)
douleurpainkalakysiam
eauwaterkačikotTessmann: oč, köta
étoilesstarskuičaske-nak
femmewomanetlekylaTessmann: udú, hilá
feufireukčevetTessmann: olmó, utmo
filledaughternooañu
filssonpoolapul
fleurflowerčukčumñuñap
fleuveriversekllutkačikot-ysokot
frèrebrothermoskaáazotKatakao: aszat = homme
fruitfruitllagnakeniya
gaihappymusugvemaugilubaktam
herbegrasskiakpullo
hommemannuumnumTessmann: núm, lúno
lunemoonkuinápeelTessmann: winžö, pel
mangereatlopkemamok
mersealapomkačisokotlol
mèremotherkeekappan
mortdeadhuankmikol
mourirdiekalgeskamñgoli-čo
oiseaubirdkumkočizuksill
ondeswavesomiumypixsimam
pèrefatherkotkappa
pleurercryatzakkemyo-yam
pluierainlaamčusllisiak
poissonfishkazopasua
rameaubranchmixnulpučup
régnerreignkollamčasam
sœursistermoskaáakiñiu
soleilsunñimmusakTessmann: nim, mušápo
terreearthkaločlluspey
tronctrunksangočsangoč
ventwindkoktommam
viandemeatamaáčep

= Rivet (1949) =

class="wikitable"

|+Hibito and Cholon words{{Cite journal |last=Rivet |first=Paul |date=1949 |title=Les Langues De L'ancien Diocèse De Trujillo |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24720799 |journal=Journal de la Société des américanistes |volume=38 |pages=1–51 |issn=0037-9174}}

!French gloss

!English translation

!Hibito

!Cholon

J'achète

|I buy

|

|a-msan

J'ai achète

|I bought

|

|a-mzi

Aiguille

|Needle

|

|kaxá

Aimer

|to love

|

|a-gol'an

References

{{sister project |project=wiktionary |text=Wiktionary has word lists at Appendix:Hibito-Cholon word lists}}

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

  • Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: CHOLÓN[http://www.ling.fi/Entradas%20diccionario/Dic=Cholon.pdf]

{{refend}}

{{Language families}}

{{South American languages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hibito-Cholon languages}}

Category:Proposed language families

Category:Language families