High Resolution Stereo Camera
High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) is a camera experiment on Mars Express.[http://berlinadmin.dlr.de/Missions/express/kamera/kameraeng.shtml DLR – HRSC on Mars Express] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117135618/http://berlinadmin.dlr.de/Missions/express/kamera/kameraeng.shtml |date=2012-01-17 }} A version for Earth called HRSC-AX was also developed, as was a version for Mars 96. It has four main parts: camera head, super resolution channel, instrument frame, and digital unit. At an altitude of 250 km from Mars, SRC can produce images with a resolution of 2.3 meters/pixel of 2.35 km square Mars terrain. It has 9 channels and can produce digital terrain models. A typical image from HRSC of Mars has a resolution ranging from 12.5 for nadir (directly down) to 25 m/pixel for the farthest off-nadir shots, which can be up to 18.9 degrees.{{Cite web | url=http://phys.org/news/2015-12-high-resolution-imaging-dynamic-surface-mars.html | title=High-resolution repeat imaging allows detecting dynamic surface processes on Mars}}
By 2012, about 61.5% of the surface of Mars was mapped at a resolution of at least 20 meters per pixel by the Mars Express mission using this camera.[http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2013/02/Mapping_Mars ESA -Mapping Mars] Another area of study is repeat imaging, to allow the study of dynamic processes on Mars.{{cite journal| doi=10.1016/j.pss.2015.06.017 | volume=117 | title=On the status of orbital high-resolution repeat imaging of Mars for the observation of dynamic surface processes | year=2015 | journal=Planetary and Space Science | pages=207–222 | last1 = Sidiropoulos | first1 = P. | last2 = Muller | first2 = J.-P.| bibcode=2015P&SS..117..207S | url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1472609/1/1-s2.0-S0032063315001956-main.pdf | doi-access=free }} Another trick is to make short videos of the Mars surface by taking advantage of the pushbroom nature of the detector, each section is slightly offset for a different color, but when combined each view be used to make a short animation.[http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2016/1104-capturing-martian-weather-in-motion.html TPS – Capturing Martian Weather in Motion – November 4, 2016]
By the start of 2015, about 70% of Mars had been imaged by Mars at resolutions greater than 20 m per pixel, and 97% at resolutions of least 60 m per pixel.[https://elib.dlr.de/100711/1/1057.pdf THE HIGH RESOLUTION STEREO CAMERA (HRSC): STATUS AND FACTS (2015) ]
Example observation
Orcus Patera, imaged by the HRSC:
{{multiple image
|align = center
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Orcus Patera by HRSC.jpg
|width = 800
|caption1 = Mars Express HRSC view of Orcus Patera (Courtesy of the ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum))
|image2 = Elevation of Orcus Patera and surroundings.jpg
|caption2 = Mars Express HRSC view of Orcus Patera with colors for elevation (Courtesy of the ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum))
}}
See also
- Trace Gas Orbiter (next ESA Mars orbiter, arrived 2016)
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{commonscat}}
- [http://www.esa.int/esaMI/Mars_Express/SEMUC75V9ED_1.html ESA – High Resolution Stereo Camera]
- [http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/cgi-bin/ion-p?ION__E1=UPDATE%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&ION__E2=control%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&image=7242_0000&image1=4+images&pos=4.915S%2C+137.328E&scale=100&viewport=800x1536&basemap_on=on&basemap=MOLAshaded&labels_on=on&hrsc_on=on&mode=mars&pansharpen=on&src_on=on&pview=North&exag=1&UPDATE=Update+view&image0=7242_0000&code=018791106 Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp) and Gale – Image/HRSCview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807090039/http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/cgi-bin/ion-p?ION__E1=UPDATE%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&ION__E2=control%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&image=7242_0000&image1=4+images&pos=4.915S%2C+137.328E&scale=100&viewport=800x1536&basemap_on=on&basemap=MOLAshaded&labels_on=on&hrsc_on=on&mode=mars&pansharpen=on&src_on=on&pview=North&exag=1&UPDATE=Update+view&image0=7242_0000&code=018791106 |date=2017-08-07 }}
- [http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/cgi-bin/ion-p?ION__E1=UPDATE%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&ION__E2=control%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&image=7242_0000&image1=4+images&pos=5.355S%2C+137.758E&scale=50&viewport=2000x2000&basemap_on=on&basemap=MOLAelevation&hrsc_on=on&mode=height&pansharpen=on&src_on=on&persp=on&pview=East&exag=1&UPDATE=Update+view&image0=7242_0000&code=84331089 Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp) – HRSCview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805084224/http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/cgi-bin/ion-p?ION__E1=UPDATE%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&ION__E2=control%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&image=7242_0000&image1=4+images&pos=5.355S%2C+137.758E&scale=50&viewport=2000x2000&basemap_on=on&basemap=MOLAelevation&hrsc_on=on&mode=height&pansharpen=on&src_on=on&persp=on&pview=East&exag=1&UPDATE=Update+view&image0=7242_0000&code=84331089 |date=2016-08-05 }} (oblique view looking east)
- [http://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/Portaldata/1/Resources/Bilder/missionen/mars/16_9/artikel_phobos3.jpg HRSC + Phobos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111193631/http://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/Portaldata/1/Resources/Bilder/missionen/mars/16_9/artikel_phobos3.jpg |date=2013-11-11 }} (with SRC shots overlaid)
- [http://mars.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/?ImageID=6146 Phobos by HRSC]
- [http://www.planet.geo.fu-berlin.de/eng/projects/mars/marsexpress_pra.php HRSC Press release archive] (2004–2012)
- [http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/cgi-bin/ion-p?ION__E1=UPDATE%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&ION__E2=control%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&ie=UTF-8&q=&image=1183_0000&image1=2+images&pos=2.009S%2C+354.481E&scale=50&viewport=700x780&basemap_on=on&basemap=MOLAshaded&hrsc_on=on&mode=nd&pansharpen=on&src_on=on&pview=North&exag=1.5&control.x=100&control.y=11&image0=1183_0000&code=48590787 HRSC with SRC of Victoria Crater and area near Opportunity rover's landing site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113041321/http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/cgi-bin/ion-p?ION__E1=UPDATE%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&ION__E2=control%3Aion%3A%2F%2Fhrscview2.ion&ie=UTF-8&q=&image=1183_0000&image1=2+images&pos=2.009S%2C+354.481E&scale=50&viewport=700x780&basemap_on=on&basemap=MOLAshaded&hrsc_on=on&mode=nd&pansharpen=on&src_on=on&pview=North&exag=1.5&control.x=100&control.y=11&image0=1183_0000&code=48590787 |date=2016-11-13 }}
- [http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/cgi-bin/ion-p?ION__E1=UPDATE:ion://hrscview2.ion&ION__E2=control:ion://hrscview2.ion&image=9520_0000&image0=&image1=3+images&basemap=MOLAelevation&mode=nd&basemap_on=on&labels_on=on&hrsc_on=on&pansharpen=on&pview=North&exag=1&ir2re=on&colour=&scale=80&pos=32.704N,+297.883E&viewport=900x900&UPDATE=Update+view Clouds in Nilokeras Scopulus]
- [http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2016/1104-capturing-martian-weather-in-motion.html TPS – Capturing Martian Weather in Motion – November 4, 2016]
- [https://elib.dlr.de/100711/1/1057.pdf THE HIGH RESOLUTION STEREO CAMERA (HRSC): STATUS AND FACTS (2015) ] (Includes graph of cumulative surface coverage by resolution, up to 2015)
{{Marsexpress}}