Highland Main Line

File:01roadandrail 20000900.jpg next to each other in Perthshire, September 2000]]

File:Dalguise viaduct (geograph 3418380).jpg]]

The vast majority of the line was built and operated by the Highland Railway, with a small section of the line between Perth and Stanley built by the Scottish Midland Junction Railway, amalgamated with the Aberdeen Railway to become the Scottish North Eastern Railway in 1856, and then absorbed by the Caledonian Railway in 1866, which itself amalgamated with the Highland Railway and several others to create the LMS at the grouping in 1923. Originally, the line between Inverness and Perth went via Forres, but the Inverness and Aviemore Direct Railway was opened in 1898 to allow for a more direct routeing.

File:158703 at Drumochter Pass.jpg

There are two significant summits on the line: Drumochter Summit (also spelled Druimuachdar) (elevation {{convert|1484|ft|m}}) between Blair Atholl and Dalwhinnie,{{cite book |last=Yonge |first=John |editor-last=Jacobs |editor-first=Gerald |title=Railway Track Diagrams 1: Scotland & Isle of Man |edition=5th |date=December 2007 |orig-year=1987 |publisher=Trackmaps |location=Bradford on Avon |isbn=978-0-9549866-3-6 |at=map 19B }}{{cite book |last=Baker |first=Stuart K. |title=Rail Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland |edition=14th |year=2015 |orig-year=1977 |publisher=Oxford Publishing Co |location=Addlestone |isbn=978-0-86093-669-5 |at=p. 60, section B2 }}{{cite book |last1=Vallance |first1=H.A. |last2=Clinker |first2=C.R. |last3=Lambert |first3=Anthony J. |title=The Highland Railway |edition=4th |year=1985 |orig-year=1938 |publisher=David & Charles |location=Newton Abbot |isbn=0-946537-24-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/highlandrailway0000vall/page/13 13, 25, 115, 116, 118, 177, 197] |url=https://archive.org/details/highlandrailway0000vall/page/13 }} and Slochd Summit (elevation {{convert|1315|ft|m}}) between Carrbridge and Inverness.{{harvnb|Yonge|2007|loc=map 19D}} Other distinct features on the route include the viaducts at Culloden and Tomatin, the spectacular mountain pass at Drumochter and the severe gradients encountered in both directions, particularly the extended climb from Inverness to the Slochd summit which averages around 1 in 60 the whole way.

Initially the only double track was between Inverness and Daviot and also Stanley Junction and Perth. In the 1890s the single line working was improved with the replacement of telegraphing orders to trains along the line with staff and tablet control instruments. This was later upgraded to automatic token-exchange apparatus. However, the main improvement came with the doubling of sections of line, designed by the engineer Alexander Newlands, beginning with Blair Atholl to Dalnacardoch ({{convert|8.25|mi|km}}) in 1900, extended to Druimuachdar ({{convert|8.5|mi|km}}) in 1901 and Dalwhinnie ({{convert|5.5|mi|km}}) in 1909.{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=John |last2=Turnock |first2=David |date=1989 |title=A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain. Volume 15 North of Scotland |publisher=David St John Thomas |page=236 |isbn=0946537038}} In the 1960s, many sections of the line were converted from double track to single track. In 1976, {{convert|23|mi}} from Blair Atholl to Dalwhinnie was redoubled.Highland doubling The Railway Magazine issue 902 June 1976 page 277Highland doubling starts The Railway Magazine issue 905 September 1976 page 476 In March 2019 Network Rail completed a programme of works to increase capacity on the line and support the introduction of InterCity 125 sets on ScotRail services, with passing loops and platforms extended.[https://www.networkrailmediacentre.co.uk/news/highland-main-line-upgrade-work-complete Highland main line upgrade work complete] Network Rail 28 March 2019

As of 2020, there are stations on the line as follows:

Services on the line are provided by ScotRail and London North Eastern Railway. A roughly two-hourly ScotRail service operates between Perth and Inverness throughout the day, On weekdays and Saturday's, There is 11 services in total in each direction, all running from/to either {{Stnlnk|Glasgow Queen Street}} (via Stirling) or {{Stnlnk|Edinburgh Waverley}} (via Kirkcaldy). The London North Eastern Railway service is entitled the Highland Chieftain; it departs Inverness at 08:00 and runs to London King's Cross via the East Coast Main Line, arriving in London at 16:00. The return working leaves London at 12:00 and reaches Inverness at 20:00. On Sunday's there is 7 trains each way, The journey time between Perth and Inverness takes between 2 hours and 2 hours and 20 minutes depending on the calling pattern and if the train is booked to be looped at any passing places.

The Caledonian Sleeper travels overnight between Inverness and London Euston via the West Coast Main Line. The southbound train joins portions from Aberdeen and Fort William at Edinburgh Waverley, and similarly the northbound train divides there. South of Edinburgh it forms the longest locomotive-hauled passenger train in the United Kingdom, with 16 coaches.

All trains between Perth and Inverness call at Pitlochry, Kingussie and Aviemore. Most ScotRail services call at Dunkeld & Birnam (9 north and 10 south) and at Blair Atholl (8 north and 6 south), with the stations at Dalwhinnie (5 each way), Newtonmore(6 each way) and Carrbridge(6 each way) being served less often. On Sundays, a couple of services continue through to Elgin, calling at Nairn and Forres.{{Cite web |url=https://www.scotrail.co.uk/sites/default/files/assets/download_ct/edinburgh_glasgow_-_inverness_0.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418043153/http://www.scotrail.co.uk/sites/default/files/assets/download_ct/edinburgh_glasgow_-_inverness_0.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}

{{wide image|Culloden Viaduct01 2007-08-22.jpg|900px|Panoramic view of the Highland Line Culloden Viaduct with a First ScotRail train on it}}

{{clear}}

Station usage at some stations remain stable. Overall usage on the line comparing April 2003 to April 2010 has increased 154%.

{{UKsta-u|

{{UKsta-u A|stn=Perth|stndab=Scotland|u1=641,822|u2=694,527|u3=700,509

|u4=763,415

|u5=886,748

|u6=888,586

|u7=929,282

|u8=959,310

|u9=975,364

|u10=988,795

|u11=1,077,598

|u12=1,077,598

|u13=1,146,000

|u14=1,081,000

|u15=1,117,248

|u16=1,112,068

|u17=1,059,278

|u18=181,454

|u19=614,804

|u20=695,276

}}

{{UKsta-u A|stn=Dunkeld and Birnam|u1=15,406|u2=18,810|u3=19,339

|u4=21,897

|u5=20,856

|u6=26,010

|u7=25,436

|u8=26,178

|u9=26,506

|u10=27,862

|u11=29,924

|u12=31,050

|u13=32,022

|u14=32,878

|u15=37,982

|u16=36,930

|u17=36,608

|u18=7,740

|u19=27,444

|u20=38,416

}}

{{UKsta-u A|stn=Pitlochry|u1=66,890|u2=84,555|u3=88,638

|u4=78,193

|u5=78,776

|u6=97,302

|u7=87,210

|u8=87,684

|u9=90,618

|u10=98,340

|u11=101,902

|u12=112,496

|u13=121,168

|u14=121,342

|u15=125,264

|u16=125,006

|u17=121,060

|u18=22,450

|u19=84,374

|u20=105,586

}}

{{UKsta-u A|stn=Blair Atholl|u1=8,313|u2=11,708|u3=11,896

|u4=10,491

|u5=10,443

|u6=11,716

|u7=11,572

|u8=13,948

|u9=12,608

|u10=14,280

|u11=14,084

|u12=16,062

|u13=16,652

|u14=17,598

|u15=19,802

|u16=21,008

|u17=18,388

|u18=3,688

|u19=11,870

|u20=13,402

}}

{{UKsta-u A|stn=Dalwhinnie|u1=2,066|u2=1,619|u3=2,013

|u4=1,774

|u5=1,975

|u6=2,644

|u7=2,208

|u8=1,894

|u9=1,984

|u10=2,172

|u11=2,472

|u12=2,460

|u13=2,392

|u14=3,188

|u15=3,372

|u16=3,368

|u17=3,226

|u18=614

|u19=1,960

|u20=2,832

}}

{{UKsta-u A|stn=Newtonmore|u1=4,184|u2=5,396|u3=6,815

|u4=6,631

|u5=7,060

|u6=8,358

|u7=7,972

|u8=9,484

|u9=9,406

|u10=8,958

|u11=8,326

|u12=8,636

|u13=9,432

|u14=8,770

|u15=9,194

|u16=7,848

|u17=7,456

|u18=1,498

|u19=5,400

|u20=6,470

}}

{{UKsta-u A|stn=Kingussie|u1=23,815|u2=27,725|u3=30,045

|u4=32,135

|u5=33,416

|u6=42,618

|u7=35,838

|u8=38,544

|u9=40,298

|u10=40,954

|u11=41,408

|u12=42,522

|u13=42,850

|u14=44,200

|u15=44,736

|u16=40,758

|u17=39,254

|u18=7,352

|u19=25,682

|u20=32,978

}}

{{UKsta-u A|stn=Aviemore|u1=70,272|u2=80,977|u3=91,456

|u4=101,294

|u5=115,431

|u6=152,528

|u7=124,972

|u8=132,336

|u9=132,052

|u10=136,456

|u11=141,311

|u12=150,724

|u13=152,000

|u14=145,000

|u15=147,964

|u16=138,490

|u17=132,618

|u18=25,492

|u19=92,240

|u20=112,090

}}

{{UKsta-u A|stn=Carrbridge|u1=1,531|u2=1,910|u3=2,987

|u4=3,954

|u5=5,438

|u6=4,232

|u7=4,500

|u8=5,118

|u9=5,636

|u10=4,454

|u11=5,540

|u12=6,256

|u13=6,898

|u14=5,808

|u15=6,064

|u16=5,584

|u17=5,474

|u18=1,622

|u19=3,714

|u20=4,840

}}

{{UKsta-u A|stn=Inverness|u1=721,358|u2=822,928|u3=873,011

|u4=915,840

|u5=975,569

|u6=1,407,600

|u7=1,070,924

|u8=1,127,718

|u9=1,180,160

|u10=1,213,382

|u11=1,282,445

|u12=1,303,662

|u13=1,307,000

|u14=1,259,000

|u15=1,238,770

|u16=1,243,338

|u17=1,214,648

|u18=231,894

|u19=753,228

|u20=974,808

}}}}

In the Scottish Government's National Transport Strategy, published in February 2020, it was stated that the line would be electrified with overhead lines by 2035.{{cite magazine|last=Shirres|first=David|title=Decarbonising Scotland's Railway|url=https://www.railengineer.co.uk/rail-engineer-may-june-2021-hs2s-largest-bridge-decarbonising-scotland-and-piccadilly-line-trains/|magazine=Rail Engineer|location=|publisher=|issue=190|pages=46–53|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-07-03}}

• [http://www.openstreetmap.org/?relation=1257824 Route on OpenStreetMap]
• [https://www.transport.gov.scot/projects/highland-main-line/ Highland Main Line] on Transport Scotland
• [https://www.highlandmainlinecrp.co.uk/ Highland Mainline Community Rail Partnership]

{{Railway lines in Scotland}}

Category:Transport in Perth and Kinross

Category:Transport in Highland (council area)

Category:Railway lines in Scotland

Category:Standard gauge railways in Scotland