Hiranyakeshi river
{{Short description|River in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Hiranyakeshi River
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| image = Hiranyakeshi river.JPG
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| image_caption = Rapid currents of the Hiranyakeshi river
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = India
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = Maharashtra, Karnataka
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| source1 = Chaukul
| source1_location = Maharashtra, India
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| mouth = Ghataprabha River
| mouth_location = Karnataka, India
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The Hiranyakeshi river is a left-bank tributary of the Ghataprabha River originating in the Western Ghats in the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra.{{cite book|author=Radha D'Souza|title=Interstate Disputes Over Krishna Waters: Law, Science and Imperialism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q25G_UPrJ4EC&pg=PA242|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2910-6|page=242}}
Etymology
The river derives its name from the Sri Hiranyakeshi temple. Located inside the temple are caves from where the river originates as a fresh mountain stream.[http://www.nativeplanet.com/amboli/attractions/hiranya-keshi-temple/ Hiranya Keshi Temple, Amboli]{{cite book|author=Outlook Publishing|title=Outlook Traveller|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_iTEEAAAAMBAJ|date=October 2008|publisher=Outlook Publishing|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_iTEEAAAAMBAJ/page/n34 64]}} Hiranyakeshi is a sanskrit word which means "one with golden hair"Roshni Udyavar: [http://www.enviro-arch.com/article_hiranyakeshi.html Hiranyakeshi – The Spring of Life.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222112/http://www.enviro-arch.com/article_hiranyakeshi.html |date=3 March 2016 }} and refers to the Hindu goddess Parvati.
Course
The river begins in the Hiranyakeshwar temple near the hill station of Amboli. It flows northwest towards Jakatwadi, a small village next to Amboli, where it turns right almost at a right angle and begins to flow east. It flows underneath a bridge supporting state highway 121, which the British named Victoria Jubilee Bridge{{cite book|author=Milind Gunaji|title=Mystical, Magical Maharashtra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xefEXhvG8EC&pg=PA79|year=2010|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7991-445-8|page=79}} and goes northeast to the town of Ajra in the Kolhapur district of Maharashtra.
2 km before it reaches Ajra, the river plunges over a rocky ledge about 5 metres high forming the Ramteerth falls and then crosses under another bridge. It continues its run now along the right side of SH 134 crossing over into the Belgaum district, Karnataka. At the town of Sankeshwar it goes southeast for a short distance before it converges with Ghataprabha river after Hidkal dam and before Gokak falls.
Irrigation
Two barriers constructed over the river, known as the Dabhil weir and the Devarde weir, provide irrigation water to the neighbouring villages.{{Cite web |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=BWA_in_Krishna_Basin |title=Water Resources Information System of India: BWA in Krishna Basin |access-date=2014-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725132342/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=BWA_in_Krishna_Basin |archive-date=2014-07-25 |url-status=dead }}
Ecology
The area around the river's origin being a sacred groove is protected by the locals.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} During the monsoon months, fresh rain water transforms the landscape into a lush green oasis with different types of mushrooms which sprout out along its banks.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} There are also a variety of plants like karvi and malabar melastome.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}
Water pollution status
Physico-chemical analysis showed that the water of the Hiranyakeshi River was in 2010 mostly within the limits of WHO standards with the exemption of samples taken at Chicalgud because of the addition of domestic sewage and sugar mill effluents.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}
Places of interest
- Hiranyakeshwar temple
- Ramteerth temple
- Amboli hill-station