Login
Login

Hirden

{{Short description|Paramilitary organization}}

{{for|the historical concept|Hird}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}

{{Infobox government agency

|agency_name = Hirden

|type = organization

|nativename =

|nativename_a =

|nativename_r =

|logo = Hirden insignia.svg

|logo_width = 200px

|logo_caption = The insignia of the Hirden

|seal =

|seal_width =

|seal_caption =

|picture = Vidkun Quisling og Oliver Møystad (hirdsjef og sjef for sikkerhetspolitiet) inspiserer Rikshirden.jpg

|picture_width = 220px

|picture_caption = Vidkun Quisling and Oliver Møystad inspecting Rikshirden.

|formed = 1940

|dissolved = 1945

|superseding =

|jurisdiction = German-occupied Norway

|headquarters = Hirdens hus, Oslo

|region_code =

|members =

|budget =

|agency_type = Paramilitary

|parent_agency = Nasjonal Samling

|child1_agency =

|child2_agency =

|keydocument1=

|website =

|footnotes =

}}

{{Norway during World War II}}

Hirden{{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/kultur-og-underholdning/1.8164075|title=Stiller ut fargefoto frå 30-talet|last=NRK|date=30 May 2012|access-date=19 October 2016}} (the hird) was a uniformed paramilitary organisation during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, modelled the same way as the German Sturmabteilungen.Erik Veum page 33

Overview

Vidkun Quisling's fascist party Nasjonal Samling frequently used words and symbols from the old Norse Viking era. During the Second World War, membership was compulsory for all Nasjonal Samling members. In total, about 8,500 Norwegians were members of Hirden during the war. The organisation was dissolved after the liberation, and many of its former members were prosecuted and convicted for treason and collaboration.

History

During the German occupation Hirden got a more military slant. The intention was that it should form the nucleus of a future Norwegian Nazi army, and a "hirdmarine" (Hirden navy)Veum pp. 92–98 and a "Hirdens flykorps"(Hirden's air force corps)Veum 98–106 were created in 1942 in addition to the real Hirden, Rikshirden. However, many Hirden members volunteered to Norwegian military units in the war on Nazi German side or served as guards in the various prison camps. Hirden had a broad mandate to conduct operations against dissidents, independent of all police authorities, many of which included the use of violence.Veum

A 2014 Dagsavisen article said that "8 of 10" prisoners "died in the prison camps where Hirden performed guard duty under the leadership of SS".{{cite news|author1=Pål Nygaard|title=2. Verdenskrig: Etter krigen benektet alle i Vegvesenet at de hadde noe med de jugoslaviske fangene å gjøre. - Kunne de stoppet massedrap?|trans-title=World War Two: After the war, everyone in the Public Roads Administration denied involvement with the Jugoslavian prisoners. - Could they have stopped mass murder?|publisher=Dagsavisen|date=2014-11-18|page=6|quote=Pål Nygaard - Forsker, senter for profesjonsstudier, HiOA (...) 8 av 10 døde i leirene hvor Hirden sto vakt under ledelse av SS.}}

List of Hirden branches

=Main Hirden organisations=

class="wikitable"
InsigniaFlagNamePeriodDescription
100px

| 150px

| {{lang|no|Rikshirden}}
({{translation|National Hirden or Hirden of the realm}})

| 1933–1945

| {{lang|no|Rikshirden}} is the most important Hirden organisation and usually the one referred to by just "Hirden". {{lang|no|Rikshirden}}was responsible for ensuring the security of NS party members and Quisling regime officials.

100px

| 150px

| {{lang|no|Hirdvaktbataljonen}}
({{translation|Hirden Guard Battalion}})

| 1942–1943

| Shortlived Hirden branch which primarily served guard duty at prison lairs, including foreign prisons. After the branch was dissolved, many of the members joined {{lang|no|SS-vaktbatalijon}} (SS Guard battalion).

100px

| 100px

| {{lang|no|Førergarde}}
({{translation|Leader guard}})

| 1942–1945

| The personal guards of the party leader ({{lang|no|fører}}); Vidkun Quisling. The guard was made up of 150 handpicked voluntary recruits. They served much the same purpose as the former Royal Guards.

100px

| 100px

| {{lang|no|Hirdens Flykorps}}
({{translation|Hirden Air Force Corps}})

| 1942–1945

| Hirdens Flykorps was meant to form the basis for a future Norwegian air force. Most members eventually joined the German Luftwaffe. The fleet was rather basic, only featuring some primary glider aircraft.

100px

| 150px

| {{lang|no|Hirdmarinen}}
({{translation|Hirden Navy}})

| 1942–1945

| Hirdmarinen was meant to form the basis for a future Norwegian navy. Most members eventually joined the German Kriegsmarine. The fleet was small, featuring only a couple small sailboats.

100px

| 100px

| {{lang|no|Hirdens Alarmenheter}}
({{translation|Hirdens Alarm Units}})

| 1943–1945

| Operated guard duty and helped Statspolitiet as part of the "armed forces of the realm".

100px

| 100px

| {{lang|no|Hirdens Bedriftsvern}}
({{translation|Hirdens Corporate Protection}})

| 1943–1945

| Armed forces supposed to protect industry and state institutions against sabotage.

100px

| 100px

| {{lang|no|Hirdbataljonen}}
({{translation|Hirden Battalion}})

| 1945

| Military mobilization of NS members.

=Related organisations not directly subject to the Rikshirden=

class="wikitable"
InsigniaFlagNamePeriodDescription
100px

| 150px

| {{lang|no|Kvinnehirden}}
({{translation|Womens Hirden}})

| 1934–1945

| {{lang|no|Kvinnehirden}} was a branch of the {{lang|no|NS Kvinneorganisajonen}} ({{translation|NS Womens Organisation}}). Despite being named a Hird, they were not officially part of the proper Hirden and did not serve any military function and instead provided Sanitation, therefore their flags and emblems lacked the swords in the sun cross.

100px

| 150px

| Germanic SS Norway

| 1941–1945

| Originally called Norges SS (Norways SS). GSSN was formally a subdivision of the Hirden, but very controversial within the NS party due to its close ties to Germany as a de facto branch of Allgemeine SS.

=Youth organisations with Hirden names=

class="wikitable"
InsigniaFlagNamePeriodDescription
100px

| 150px

| {{lang|no|Unghirden}}
({{translation|Youth Hirden}})

| 1934–1945

| Branch of {{lang|no|NS Ungdomsfylking}} ({{translation|NS Youth League}}), intended for boys between 14–18. It was largely modeled on the German Hitler Youth.

100px

| 150px

| {{lang|no|Guttehirden}}
({{translation|Boys Hirden}})

| 1934–1945

| Branch of NS Youth League, intended for boys between 10–15.

100px

| 150px

| {{lang|no|Jentehirden / Gjentehirden}}
({{translation|Girls Hirden}})

| 1934–1945

| Branch of NS Youth League, intended for girls between 15–21.

100px

| 150px

| {{lang|no|Småhirden}}
({{translation|Small Hirden}})

| 1934–1945

| Branch of NS Youth League, intended for girls between 9–15.

Gallery

NS ÅRBOK 1944 Nasjonal Samling Rikspropagandaledelsen 1943 Nasjonalbiblioteket no-nb digitidsskrift 2019082781057 001 Public domain 123 Rikshirden hirden uniform (Norwegian Nazi Party uniform) 400ppi Retouched clean cropped.jpg

NS_ÅRBOK_1944_Nasjonal_Samling_Rikspropagandaledelsen_1943_Nasjonalbiblioteket_no-nb_digitidsskrift_2019082781057_001_Public_domain_126_Hirdens_flykorps_Hirdmarinen_uniformer_(Norwegian_Nazi_Party_uniforms_WW2)_400ppi_Retouched_clean.jpg|Uniform of the naval hird, Hirdmarinen.

File:NS ÅRBOK 1944 Nasjonal Samling Rikspropagandaledelsen 1943 Nasjonalbiblioteket no-nb digitidsskrift 2019082781057 001 Public domain 128 Kvinnehirden Kvinneorganisasjonen NSK (Norwegian Nazi Party uniforms) 400ppi Retouched clean crop.jpg|Uniform of the female hird, Kvinnehirden.

Sarpsborg juli 1942 (8617784245).jpg|Vidkun Quisling on the rostrum speaks to Hirden in Sarpsborg.

8. Parteitag – Gefallenenehrung (8615544971).jpg|Hirden spectacle march to be greeted by Quisling.

8. Parteitag – Hirdaufmarsch på Karl Johan. (8616649948).jpg|Hirden women march up Oslo's main street.

Hirdoppmarsj på Universitetsplassen i Oslo. (8615512231).jpg|Quisling speaks to Hirden after oath has been given to him.

Ranks and rank insignia

File:NS ÅRBOK 1944 Nasjonal Samling Rikspropagandaledelsen 1943 Nasjonalbiblioteket no-nb digitidsskrift 2019082781057 001 Public domain 124 Rikshirdens distinksjoner gradmerker rang (Norwegian Nazi Party uniforms rank insignia) 400ppi Re.jpg

style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
style="text-align:center;"

! Insignia

! Rank

! Translation

! Comparative rank
in the Wehrmacht

bgcolor="lightgrey" style="text-align:center"

! colspan=4| Hirdfører

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Overste hirdsjef

| Senior hird chief

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Regimentsfører

| Regimental commander

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Nestregimentsfører

| Second regimental commander

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Fylkingfører

| Wedge leader

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Sveitfører

| District leader

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Nestsveitfører

| Second district leader

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Troppfører

| Troop commander

|

bgcolor="lightgrey" style="text-align:center"

! colspan=4| Underfører

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Kommandersersjant

| Commander sergeant

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Kvartermester

| Quartermaster

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Overlagfører

| Senior squad leader

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Furer

| Leader

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Lagfører

| Squad leader

|

bgcolor="lightgrey" style="text-align:center"

! colspan=4| Mannskap

style="text-align:center;"

| 100px

| Nestlagfører

| Second squad leader

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Speider

| Scout

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Nestspeider

| Second scout

|

style="text-align:center;"

|

| Hirdmann

| Hird man

|

colspan=4| Source:[http://rinnanbanden.no/?s=ns-mann-05 Hvad enhver NS-mann bør vite - side 5] Retrieved 2017-02-05.

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Sources

  • Eirik Veum: Nådeløse nordmenn - Hirden, Kagge Forlag, Oslo 2013, {{in lang|no}} {{ISBN|978-82-489-1451-8}}

External links

  • {{cite encyclopedia|last=Dahl|first=Hans Fredrik|author-link=Hans Fredrik Dahl|editor=Dahl, Hans Fredrik|editor-link=Hans Fredrik Dahl|encyclopedia=Norsk krigsleksikon 1940–45|title=Hirden|url=http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/h/h5.html#hirden|access-date=22 July 2010|year=1995|publisher=Cappelen|location=Oslo|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330061739/http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/h/h5.html#hirden|archive-date=30 March 2012|language=no}}
  • [http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10144796 Her er Eirik Veums liste over de 20 verste torturistene i Hirden:] [Here is Erik Veum's list of the 20 worst torturers in Hirden] {{in lang|no}}

{{Fascism}}

{{Nazism}}

{{Ranks, uniforms and insignia of Nazi Germany}}

Category:Norway in World War II

Category:Nasjonal Samling

Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Norway

Category:Norwegian collaborators with Nazi Germany

Category:Organizations established in 1940

Category:Organizations disestablished in 1945

Category:1945 disestablishments in Norway

Category:Organisations based in Oslo

Category:Military wings of fascist parties