Hispano Aviación HA-1112

File:HA-1112-M1L Buchon C4K-102.jpg markings, and still flying. It can be recognized by the exhaust pipes at the top of the nose, like the Spitfire (tri-blade propeller retrofitted)]]

In 1942, the Spanish government arranged a manufacturing licence with Messerschmitt to build the Bf 109 G-2, although the DB 605A engines, propellers, instruments and weapons were to be supplied from Germany. This proved impossible as Germany was incapable of meeting its own needs, let alone Spain's, and only 25 airframes (without their tails) and less than half the necessary drawings were actually delivered.Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 11, p.1193, "HA-1109/1112". Consequently, Hispano Aviación replaced the DB 605A engine with the 1,300 hp HS 89-12Z and the project was renamed Bf 109 J by Messerschmitt.{{cite web|url=http://issuu.com/joete6/docs/ha-1112_reportaje_aeronautica_26|title=The last in a long line, by J.A. Guerrero. AERONAUTICA andaluza Nº26 review, 2013.|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-12-15|archive-date=2015-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925072258/http://issuu.com/joete6/docs/ha-1112_reportaje_aeronautica_26}} The HS 89-12Z engine performed a successful flight in a Bf 109 E used as a flying testbed in Barcelona in 1944, and the first HA-1109-J1L made its maiden flight on 2 March 1945 in Seville, using a VDM propeller and lash-up engine mounting.Fitzsimons, p.1193, "HA-1109/1112". The remaining 24 airframes were flown during 1947–9 with Escher-Wyss props, but never became operational.

In May 1951, a developed version, the HA-1112-K1L, improved the Hispano-Suiza, HS 17-12Z engine installation, and carried either one or two 12.7mm Breda machine guns and Pilatus eight-packs of 80mm rockets. Its three-bladed de Havilland Hydromatic propeller earned it the nickname Tripala ("three blades").

It first flew in 1951, and although 200 were planned only 65 were built. The Hispano engine was an upright V12 instead of the inverted V12 Daimler-Benz DB 601 & 605 engines used in the Bf 109 but, being of compact design, it fitted the airframe of the Bf 109 well and was able to credibly represent the Bf 109 in the German 1957 film Der Stern von Afrika (The Star of Africa) about Luftwaffe ace Hans-Joachim Marseille. The original design, starting with the Bf 109F, had an asymmetrical tail-fin aerofoil with a left deflection to counteract the torque from the Daimler-Benz's clockwise rotation. Because this was left unchanged in the Tripala despite the Hispano V12 having a counter-clockwise rotation, the tail and the engine together induced a right swing on takeoff that was hard to counteract.

A second version, the HA-1110-K1L, was a two-place tandem trainer model.

File:Air Zoo December 2019 020 (Hispano Aviación HA-1112 Buchón).jpg]]

File:Me109 at Airpower11 02.jpg

The final variant was the HA-1112-M1L Buchón (Pouter), which is a male dove in Spanish. It first flew on 29 March 1954 with a 1,600 hp Rolls-Royce Merlin 500-45Fitzsimons, p.1194, "HA-1109/1112". engine and Rotol four bladed propeller, both purchased as surplus from the UK. This engine had a chin intake that altered the lines of the Bf 109's airframe. It was an improvised assembly of outdated components but this was appropriate for the intended purpose of controlling Spanish colonial territories in Africa, where more sophisticated technology was both unnecessary and unavailable in isolated Spain at the time. It carried two 20 mm Hispano-Suiza 404/408 cannons and two Oerlikon or Pilatus eight-packs of 80 mm rockets and remained in service until 27 December 1965.

Due to their longevity, Buchóns have appeared in several war films masquerading as Bf 109s. In films such as Battle of Britain (alongside CASA 2.111 bombers, a Spanish-built version of the Heinkel He 111), Der Stern von Afrika, Memphis Belle, Dunkirk and The Tuskegee Airmen. Buchons also played the Bf 109's opposition, the Hawker Hurricane, in one scene in Battle of Britain.

File:Hispano HA.1112 K-1L BuHispano HA.1112 K-1L Buchon (5381943866).jpg

File:Hispano Aviación Ha 1112 Buchon.jpeg

File:Hispano HA.1112M1L Buchon '-+10' (G-BWUE) (22723895345).jpg. It was also used in the 2017 film Dunkirk{{citation|title = Dunkirk – Filming the Aerial Scenes for the Epic Movie|url = http://www.warbirdsnews.com/warbirds-news/dunkirk.html|publisher = Warbirds News|date = 15 August 2016|access-date = 25 July 2017}}]]

File:Hispano HA.1112M1L Buchon 'Black 2' (G-AWHK) (36053481566).jpg and Dunkirk. It is seen here wearing a temporary paint scheme for the latter]]

;HA-1109-J1L

:1945{{Snd}}the initial 25 units built of the Bf 109 G-2 aircraft, from German production, with Hispano-Suiza 12Z-89 engines fitted, in lieu of Daimler-Benz DB 605A's, using VDM or Escher-Wyss propellers. Not used operationally.

;HA-1109-K1L

:1951{{Snd}}first production of HA-1112-K1L. Fitted with a Hispano-Suiza 12Z-17 engine and a de Havilland Hydromatic propeller in an improved installation, this version appeared in May 1951 armed with two Hispano HS-404 20mm cannon and 80mm rockets. 25 conversions from a HA-1109-J1L.

;HA-1109-M1L

:prototype of HA-1112-M1L. A single aircraft modified with a Rolls-Royce Merlin 500-45 engine. One conversion from a HA-1112-K1L.

;HA-1110-K1L

:Hispano powered two-seat trainer version. Used operationally. One built.

;HA-1110-M1L

:RR Merlin powered two-seat trainer version. Project only.

;HA-1111-K1L

:Hispano powered two-seat trainer version with wingtip mounted fuel tanks. Project only.

;HA-1112-K1L "Tripala"

:1951{{Snd}}used operationally. 65 built (25 conversions from a HA-1109-K1L).

;HA-1112-M1L "Buchon"

:1954{{Snd}}the final variant fitted with a RR Merlin engine and armed with two Hispano HS-404 20mm cannon and 80mm rockets. Used operationally. 172 built.

;HA-1112-M4L

:Merlin engined two-seat trainer. Used operationally. One built and one conversion from a HA-1110-K1L.

• 56 – HA-1112-K1L on static display at the Museo del Aire in Madrid.{{cite web|title=Hangar 3 del Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica|url=http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=E5145185FA1157E1C125746C002E58F4|website=Ejército del Aire|access-date=31 January 2017|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118123310/http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=E5145185FA1157E1C125746C002E58F4|archive-date=18 January 2018|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - MesserschmittBf-109 / HA-1109/1110/1112 / S-99/199, s/n C.4J-10 EdA, c/n 56|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=6915|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=25 January 2017}}
• 67 – HA-1112-M1L airworthy with Spitfire Ltd. of St. Helier, Jersey.{{cite web|title=Bf109 Buchon G-AWHE|url=https://www.flyinglegends.com/aircraft/bf109-buchon-spit.html|website=Flying Legends|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617052421/https://www.flyinglegends.com/aircraft/bf109-buchon-spit.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Messerschmitt-Hispano HA-1112-M1L, s/n C.4K-31 EdA, c/r G-AWHE|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=136171|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=25 January 2017}}{{cite web|title=GINFO Search Results [G-AWHE]|url=http://publicapps.caa.co.uk/modalapplication.aspx?catid=1&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=AWHE|website=Civil Aviation Authority|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-date=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425122716/http://publicapps.caa.co.uk/modalapplication.aspx?catid=1&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=AWHE|url-status=dead}}
• 133 – HA-1112-M1L airworthy at the Military Aviation Museum in Virginia Beach, Virginia. It has been converted to resemble a Bf 109 by Meier Motors.{{cite news|title=Messerschmitt Progress|url=http://www.warbirdsnews.com/warbirds-news/messerschmitt-progress.html|access-date=31 January 2017|work=Warbirds News|publisher=Warbirds News|date=24 November 2014}}{{cite news|title=Messerschmitt in Pungo – Military Aviation Museum's Bf-109 Arrives in USA|url=http://www.warbirdsnews.com/warbirds-news/messerschmitt-beach.html|access-date=31 January 2017|work=Warbirds News|publisher=Warbirds News|date=3 November 2015}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Messerschmitt Bf-109G-5 Gustav, s/n C.4K-64 EdA, c/n 133, c/r N109FF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=3996|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=25 January 2017}}{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N109FF]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N109FF|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-date=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425115037/http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N109FF|url-status=dead}}
• 156 – HA-1112-M1L in storage at the Musée de l'air et de l'espace in Paris.{{cite web |title=Hispano HA-1112 "Buchon" no C-4K-156 Code 471-28 |url=http://www.pyperpote.tonsite.biz/listinmae/index.php/les-appareils-en-reserve/les-reserves-du-musee-de-l-air/375-hispano-ha-1112-buchon-n-c-4k-156-code-471-28 |website=List'In MAE |access-date=30 October 2023 |language=French}}
• 164 – HA-1112-M1L on display at the Bomber Command Museum of Canada in Nanton, Alberta.https://www.key.aero/article/buchons-arrive-canada-and-biggin-hill-0{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Messerschmitt-Hispano HA-1112-M1L, s/n C.4K-114 EdA, c/n 164|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=117869|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=25 January 2017}}
• 171 – HA-1112-M1L on static display at the Air Zoo in Portage, Michigan.{{cite web|title=Hispano Aviacion HA-1112 Buchon|url=http://www.airzoo.org/page.php?page_id=212|website=Air Zoo|access-date=25 January 2017}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Messerschmitt-Hispano HA-1112-M1L, s/n C.4K-100 EdA, c/n 171, c/r N76GE|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=32038|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=24 April 2017}}
• 186 – HA-1112-M1L on static display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington.{{cite web|title=Messerschmitt BF 109E-3|url=http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/messerschmitt-bf-109e-3|website=The Museum Of Flight|access-date=25 January 2017}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Messerschmitt-Hispano HA-1112-M1L, s/n C.4K-122 EdA, c/n 186, c/r N109J|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=69884|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=25 January 2017}}
• 193 – HA-1112-M1L airworthy at the Erickson Aircraft Collection in Madras, Oregon.{{cite web|title=MESSERSCHMITT ME-109|url=http://www.ericksoncollection.com/aircraft/#/messerschmitt-me-109ha-1112|website=Erickson Aircraft Collection|access-date=25 January 2017}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Messerschmitt-Hispano HA-1112-M1L, s/n C.4K-130 EdA, c/n 193, c/r N90602|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=65191|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=24 April 2017}}{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N90602]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N90602|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=8 March 2017|archive-date=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425115608/http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N90602|url-status=dead}} It was restored to resemble a Bf 109 by Pacific Fighters.{{cite news|title=Pacific Fighters 'Messerschmitt Bf-109' – Restoration Update|url=http://www.warbirdsnews.com/warbird-restorations/messerschmitt-bf-109-restoration-update.html|access-date=31 January 2017|work=Warbirds News|publisher=Warbirds News|date=5 March 2015}}
• 199 – HA-1112-M1L on static display at the EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.{{cite web|title=Messerschmitt/Hispano Buchon HA1112-M1L - N109BF|url=http://www.eaa.org/en/eaa-museum/museum-collection/aircraft-collection-folder/1947-messerschmitt-hispano-buchon-ha1112-m1l---n109bf|website=EAA|access-date=8 March 2017}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Messerschmitt-Hispano HA-1112, s/n C.4K-127 EdA, c/n 199, c/r N109BF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=20147|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=25 January 2017}}
• 211 – HA-1112-M1L on static display at the Museo del Aire in Madrid.{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Messerschmitt-Hispano HA-1112-M1L, s/n C.4K-158 EdA, c/n 211|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=5582|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=25 January 2017}}
• 235 – HA-1112-M1L airworthy at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum in Addison, Texas.{{cite web|title=Aircraft|url=http://www.cavanaughflightmuseum.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=119|website=Cavanaugh Flight Museum|access-date=25 January 2017|archive-date=5 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205193537/https://www.cavanaughflightmuseum.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=119|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Messerschmitt-Hispano HA-1112, s/n C.4K-172 EdA, c/n 235, c/r N109GU|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=3185|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=25 January 2017}}{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N109GU]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N109GU|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=8 March 2017|archive-date=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425120642/http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N109GU|url-status=dead}} Removed from public display when the museum indefinitely closed on 1 January 2024. To be moved to North Texas Regional Airport in Denison, Texas.{{cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Cole |date=1 January 2024 |title=Historic Addison flight museum announces closure |url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/addison-texas-cavanaugh-flight-museum-closing/287-85fe72cf-3131-4919-88ed-e92d8cfa30c0 |work=WFAA |location=Dallas, Texas |access-date=4 January 2024}}

File:Cockpit HA 1112-M1L Buchon G-BOML.jpg

{{Aircraft specs

|ref=

|prime units?=met

|crew=one

|length m=8.49

|length ft=

|length in=

|length note=

|span m=9.92

|span ft=

|span in=

|span note=

|upper span m=

|upper span ft=

|upper span in=

|upper span note=

|mid span m=

|mid span ft=

|mid span in=

|mid span note=

|lower span m=

|lower span ft=

|lower span in=

|lower span note=

|swept m=

|swept ft=

|swept in=

|swept note=

|dia m=

|dia ft=

|dia in=

|dia note=

|width m=

|width ft=

|width in=

|width note=

|height m=2.60

|height ft=

|height in=

|height note=

|wing area sqm=16

|wing area sqft=

|wing area note=

|swept area sqm=

|swept area sqft=

|swept area note=

|volume m3=

|volume ft3=

|volume note=

|aspect ratio=

|airfoil=

|empty weight kg=2,475

|empty weight lb=

|empty weight note=

:::HA-1112-M1L {{convert|2,666|kg|lb|abbr=on|0}}

|gross weight kg=

|gross weight lb=

|gross weight note=

|max takeoff weight kg=3,200

|max takeoff weight lb=

|max takeoff weight note=

:::HA-1112-M1L {{convert|3,330|kg|lb|abbr=on|0}}

|fuel capacity=

|lift kg=

|lift lb=

|lift note=

|more general=

|eng1 number=1

|eng1 name=Hispano-Suiza 12Z-17

|eng1 type=V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine

|eng1 hp=1,300

|eng1 note=

:::HA-1112-M1L 1 x {{convert|1,193|kW|hp|abbr=on|0}} Rolls-Royce Merlin 500/45 V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine

|prop blade number=3

|prop name=Hamilton-Standard constant speed propeller

:::HA-1112-M1L 4-bladed Rotol propeller

|prop dia m=

|prop dia ft=

|prop dia in=

|prop dia note=

|max speed kmh=600

|max speed mph=

|max speed kts=

|max speed note=

:::HA-1112-M1L {{convert|665|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}}

|max speed mach=

|cruise speed kmh=400

|cruise speed mph=

|cruise speed kts=

|cruise speed note=

|stall speed kmh=

|stall speed mph=

|stall speed kts=

|stall speed note=

|never exceed speed kmh=

|never exceed speed mph=

|never exceed speed kts=

|never exceed speed note=

|minimum control speed kmh=

|minimum control speed mph=

|minimum control speed kts=

|minimum control speed note=

|range km=690

|range miles=

|range nmi=

|range note=

:::HA-1112-M1L {{convert|765|km|mi|abbr=on|0}}

|combat range km=

|combat range miles=

|combat range nmi=

|combat range note=

|ferry range km=

|ferry range miles=

|ferry range nmi=

|ferry range note=

|endurance=

|ceiling m=9,800

|ceiling ft=

|ceiling note=

:::HA-1112-M1L {{convert|10,200|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}

|g limits=

|roll rate=

|glide ratio=

|climb rate ms=28.33

|climb rate ftmin=

|climb rate note=

:::HA-1112-M1L James F. Craig, "The Messerschmitt Bf.109", Arco Pub., 1968, pg. 54

|time to altitude=

|sink rate ms=

|sink rate ftmin=

|sink rate note=

|lift to drag=

|wing loading kg/m2=200

|wing loading lb/sqft=

|wing loading note=

:::HA-1112-M1L 206 kg/m² (42.2 lb/ft²)

|disk loading kg/m2=

|disk loading lb/sqft=

|disk loading note=

|fuel consumption kg/km=

|fuel consumption lb/mi=

|power/mass=

|thrust/weight=

|more performance=

|guns= 2x 20 mm Hispano-Suiza HS.404/408 cannon

|rockets= two racks of 8 x 80 mm Oerlikon rockets

}}

{{aircontent

|related=

• Messerschmitt Bf 109
• Avia S-99/S-199

|similar aircraft=

• Fiat G.55 Centauro
• Ikarus S-49
• Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien
• Macchi C.205 Veltro
• North American P-51D Mustang
• Supermarine Spitfire Mk. IX
• Yakovlev Yak-9

|lists=

}}

{{Reflist}}

• Original pictures and data of this article were taken from Museo del Aire, Cuatro Vientos, Madrid, Spain
• Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 11, p. 1193-4, "HA-1109/1112".
• http://simviation.com/fsdcbainmm.htm
• https://web.archive.org/web/20081016094929/http://www.xs4all.nl/~tozu/me109/foreign/109-spain.htm
• Monográficos Aéreos: H.A. 1112-M1L "Buchón" - Pedro Miguel Paniagua Magán - {{ISBN|978-84-921179-0-1}}

{{Commons category multi|Hispano HA-1109|Hispano HA-1112}}

• [http://me109.airwar1946.nl/family/hispano.htm Hispano HA-1109]

{{Bf 109 family}}

{{Hispano aircraft}}

{{Spanish fighters}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hispano Aviacion HA-1112}}

Category:Hispano aircraft

Category:1940s Spanish fighter aircraft

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Category:Low-wing aircraft

Category:History of the Spanish Air Force

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Category:Aircraft first flown in 1945

Category:Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear

Category:Single-engined piston aircraft