Historic Areas of Istanbul

{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site

| image = Istanbul2010.jpg

| image_upright = 1.2

| caption = From left to right: The Seraglio Point consisting of the Topkapı Palace and the Sea Walls; the Hagia Sophia; the Sultan Ahmed Mosque; and the Galata Tower in the foreground, across the Golden Horn.

| location = Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey

| includes = {{flatlist|

Sultanahmet Urban Archaeological Component Area
Süleymaniye Mosque and its Associated Component Area
Zeyrek Mosque (Pantocrator Church) and its Associated Component Area
Istanbul Land Walls Component Area

}}

| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)}}(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

| ID = 356bis

| coordinates = {{coord|41|0|30.49|N|28|58|47.75|E|format=dms|display=inline, title}}

| year = 1985

| extension = 2017

| area = {{convert|765.5|ha|acre|abbr=on}}

| locmapin = Istanbul#Turkey

| map_caption =

|WHS=Historic Areas of Istanbul|Criteria=}}

The Historic Areas of Istanbul ({{Langx|tr|İstanbul'un Tarihî Alanları}}; {{Langx|el|Ιστορικές Περιοχές της Κωνσταντινούπολης|Historikés Periochés tīs Kōnstantinoúpolis}}; {{Langx|ota|استانبولون تاریخي اﻻنلری}}) are a group of sites in the capital district of Fatih in the city of Istanbul, Turkey. These areas were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.

It includes buildings and structures such as the Sarayburnu, the Topkapı Palace, the Hagia Sophia, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, the Hagia Irene, Zeyrek Mosque, Süleymaniye Mosque, Little Hagia Sophia and the Walls of Constantinople.

Zones

The World Heritage site covers four zones, illustrating the major phases of the city's history using its most prestigious monuments:

the Archaeological Park, which in 1953 and 1956 was defined at the tip of the peninsula;
the Süleymaniye quarter, protected in 1980 and 1981;
the Zeyrek quarter, protected in 1979;
the zone of the ramparts, protected in 1981.

Pollution

Air pollution in Turkey, such as fine dust from traffic, is a serious problem in Istanbul.{{Cite web |date=2023-11-05 |title=‘Air pollution high in areas with traffic congestion in Istanbul’ - Türkiye News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/air-pollution-high-in-areas-with-traffic-congestion-in-istanbul-187565 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Hürriyet Daily News |language=en}}{{Cite journal |last=Eren |first=Beytullah |last2=Aksangür |first2=İpek |last3=Erden |first3=Caner |date=2023-03-01 |title=Predicting next hour fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Istanbul Metropolitan City using deep learning algorithms with time windowing strategy |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212095523000123 |journal=Urban Climate |volume=48 |pages=101418 |doi=10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101418 |issn=2212-0955}} Although the historic peninsula was partially pedestrianised in the early 21st century,{{Cite web |title=How Historic Istanbul Improved Air Quality by Putting Pedestrians First {{!}} Smart Cities Dive |url=https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/how-istanbul-improved-air-quality-putting-pedestrians-first/1089824/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=www.smartcitiesdive.com |language=en-US}} a 2015 study found that this is the part of the city which would benefit most from a low emission zone.{{Cite thesis |title=Low emission zone study in İstanbul by using MODELS-3/CMAQ framework |url=https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/127639 |publisher=Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü |date=2018-08-06 |degree=masterThesis |language=en |first=Merve |last=Gökgöz Ergül |access-date=2023-12-18 |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115035757/https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/127639 |url-status=dead }} However, as of 2022, it was still said to be "car-oriented".{{Citation |last=Eltayeb |first=Azraa |title=Towards Vibrant City Centres for People; Promoting Push and Pull Transportation Policies in the Historical Peninsula-Istanbul |date=2022 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07381-6_5 |work=Innovations in Green Urbanization and Alternative Renewable Energy |pages=47–64 |editor-last=Rosso |editor-first=Federica |access-date=2023-12-18 |series=Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-07381-6_5 |isbn=978-3-031-07381-6 |last2=Ustundag |first2=Kevser |editor2-last=Morea |editor2-first=Donato |editor3-last=Pribadi |editor3-first=Didit Okta}}

Gallery

File:Topkapı_-_01.jpg|Topkapı Palace

File:Topkapı_Main_Entrance.jpg|Topkapı Palace

File:Favourites_courtyard_Topkapi_March_2008.JPG|Topkapı Palace

File:Istanbul_asv2020-02_img45_Hagia_Sophia.jpg|Hagia Sophia

File:Hagia_Sophia_Mars_2013.jpg|Hagia Sophia

File:Fountain_Hagia_Sophia_2007_002.jpg|Hagia Sophia

File:Istanbul Hagia Irene IMG 8067 1920.jpg|Hagia Irene

File:Exterior of Sultan Ahmed I Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey 002.jpg|Sultan Ahmed Mosque

File:Exterior of Sultan Ahmed I Mosque, (old name P1020390.jpg).jpg|Sultan Ahmed Mosque

File:Blue_Mosque_Interior_2_Wikimedia_Commons.JPG|Sultan Ahmed Mosque

File:Blue_Mosque_2.jpg|Sultan Ahmed Mosque

File:Little Hagia Sophia.JPG|Little Hagia Sophia

File:Süleymaniye Mosque exterior view.JPG|Süleymaniye Mosque

File:Süleymaniye Mosque interior view.JPG|Süleymaniye Mosque

File:Molla Zeyrek Camii.jpg|Zeyrek Mosque

File:Istanbul Molla Zeyrek Mosque june 2019 2767.jpg|Zeyrek Mosque

File:Theodosian Walls of Constantinople, Istanbul (24053561188).jpg|Walls of Constantinople

References

Category:History of Istanbul