Hollingworth

Hollingworth was recorded Holisvrde before 1059 and in 1086.{{cite journal |title=The Ethnology of Cheshire, Traced Chiefly in the Local Names |last=Earle |first=Rev. John |publisher=British Archaeological Association|journal=The Archaeological Journal |volume=17|year=1860|page=107|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-1132-1/dissemination/pdf/017/017_093_116.pdf}} Its name is derived from the Old English holegn, for holly and worð an enclosure.{{citation|url=http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Cheshire/Hollingworth|title=Key to English Placenames: Hollingworth|publisher=University of Nottingham|accessdate=20 March 2016}} In 1059, Hollingworth was surrounded by dense forests.

An ancient pagan religious site known as Wedneshough Green was in Hollingworth. A grassy knoll opposite the Gunn Inn was anciently called Wedenshaw or Woden's Hawe after the pagan god Woden.{{cite journal|publisher=Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society|journal=Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society|year=1961}} The region was populated by Celts, the Pecsaetans a southern branch of the Brigantes. The group became a distinct ethnic tribe in the Mercian Kingdom of the West Angles.{{cite book|last1=Millward|first1=Roy |first2=Adrian |last2=Robinson |series=Regions of England |title=The Peak District|year=1975|isbn=0413315509 |publisher=Eyre Methuen}} The tribes living in the Longdendale valley were pagans until around 627AD when the surrounding districts started converting to Christianity.{{cite book|last=Middleton|first=Thomas|title=The Annals of Hyde and district: containing historical reminiscences of Denton, Haughton, Dukinfield, Mottram, Longdendale, Bredbury, Marple and the neighbouring townships |year=1899|url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofhydedist00middiala |publisher= Cartwright & Rattray |location=Manchester}}

Hollingworth was in the ancient Hundred of Hamestan before 1000 AD which is believed to be the ancient boundaries of the Pecsaetan tribesmen. After the Norman conquest in 1086, the Hundred of Hamestan was redefined and renamed the Macclesfield Hundred.{{cite book|last=Oman|first=Sir Charles|title=A History of England Before the Norman Conquest|year=1993 |publisher=Studio Editions |orig-year=1924 |isbn=1858910730}}

Hollingworth was an ancient manor governed by a local lord. Members of a single family, the Hollingworths, were lords of the manor for more than 700 years. In this part of Cheshire, local lords assumed the name of their manor as their surname. Some were granted arms by the Earl of Chester.{{cite book|editor-last=Rylands|editor-first=John Paul|title=The Visitation of Cheshire in the Year 1580, Made by Robert Glover, Somerset Herald |year=1882 |publisher=The Harleian Society |first=Robert |last=Glover}} The family's ancient arms are three holly leaves.{{cite book|last=Larken|first=Arthur Staunton|title=Lincolnshire Pedigrees |volume=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=raNCAAAAYAAJ|publisher=The Harleian Society |date=1903}}{{cite book|last=Noble|first=Mark|title=A History of the College of Arms, and the Lives of all the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants |url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorycollege00noblgoog |publisher=J. Debrett |location=London |date=1804}}

File:Original house at Old Mottram.jpg

File:Old Mottram Hall Entrance.jpg

File:Oldhallentrance300dpi.jpg

File:Oldhallinside300dpi.jpg

In 1059 when the Saxons ruled Cheshire, Hollingworth was held by a freeman who owed his rights to his senior lord; Edwin the Earl of Chester. Edwin was the chief lord of all the manors in the Hamestan Hundred. He leased the manor of Hollingworth to a freeman and his descendants for an annual rent and military service. In 1059, Hollingworth had 30 acres of productive farmland. The Saxon freeman in possession of the manor was removed sometime before 1086 by the Normans.{{cite book|last=Morris|first=John|title=Domesday Book Cheshire: History From the Sources |year=1978 |publisher=The History Press Ltd |isbn=9780850331400}}{{cite journal|publisher=British Archaeological Association|journal=The Archaeological Journal |volume=17|year=1844}}{{nonspecific|date=August 2019}}

After the Norman conquest of England, Earl Edwin's lands were forfeited. The Domesday Book in 1086 shows that Hollingworth manor was barren and worthless. Paul Howson and William Booth wrote that 'No population is recorded for the area covered by the later forest of Macclesfield or the Lordship of Longdendale ...'.{{cite book|last=Booth |first=Paul William Howson |title=The Financial Administration of the Lordship and County of Chester, 1272–1377 |publisher=Manchester University Press |date=1981}} The Lordship of Longdendale was a term that came into common use around 1359, to describe a parcel of manors which includes Hollingworth.{{cite book|last=Harrop|first=John|title=Extenta dominii de Longdendale anno xxxiiij° Edwardi tercij: Extent of the lordship of Longdendale|orig-year=1359 |publisher=Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire |volume=140 |date=2005 |asin=B004WJS6IS}} The wholesale ejectment of the Saxons from manors in Longdendale appears to have specific to those lands under the control of Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester. He replaced the Saxon freeman on the Cheshire side of Longdendale with Normans and Saxon farmers under the control of a local Saxon chieftain called Wulfric (pronounced Uluric). On the Derbyshire side of Longdendale, which was controlled by the king, many ancient Saxon families remained in control of their lands.

File:Window from Hollingworth Hall.jpg

The Domesday Book shows that Hollingworth was held by the Earl of Chester with no local lord in control of the manor. The Saxon chieftain Wulfric managed manors in Longdendale on behalf of the Earl of Chester.{{cite book|last=Higham|first=Nick J.|title=The Origins of Cheshire |publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1993 |isbn=0719031591}} Heavily wooded and dangerous because of wolves in the forests, Hollingworth and the manors of Mottram, Matley, Tintwistle and Stayley appear to have been wilderness until 1211. By 1140 local farmers assumed the name of their manor as their surname. Sometime before 1211, Sir William De Neville (De NovaVilla), took up residence at Bucton Castle in Tintwistle,{{cite book|last=Selkirk|first=A|title=Current Archaeology |issue=214–225|year=2008}}{{nonspecific|date=February 2018}} and was installed as over-lord to manage the local lords in possession of Hollingworth, Wolley, Broadbottom, Hattersley, Wernet, Matley, Stayley, Mottram-in-Longdendale and Tintwistle.

In 1211, William De Neville gave his son-in-law, Thomas de Burgh or Burgo, control of all the manors in Longdendale as the supreme over-lord. Around 1222, Thomas de Burgh took the neighbouring manor of Godley from Albinus and gave it to Adam, son of Reginald de Bredbury.{{cite book|last=Barraclough|first=Geoffrey|title=Facsimiles of early Cheshire Charters|year=1957|publisher=Basil Blackwell|location=Oxford}} Witness to this deed was a 'Tomas de Holinwurthe'.{{cite journal|publisher=Society of Antiquaries of London|journal=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London |volume=1|year=1849}}

The earliest recorded Hollingworths are Tomas de Holinwurthe circa 1222, 1246; and Henry de Holenwart in 1222.{{cite book|last=Yeatman|first=John|title=The Feudal History of the County of Derby |volume=6 |date=1907}} The ancient manor of Hollingworth including the minor manors of Thorncliffe and Wolley was held by the de Holynworths of Hollingworth Hall by 'knight's service'. By 1359, the manor was owned by different scions of the Hollingworth family. Greater Hollingworth was owned by the senior branch living at Hollingworth Hall. Little Hollingworth was inherited by a younger brother who lived at Old Mottram Hall; he married the heiress to Matley Hall. A younger sister held a share of Thorncliffe Manor, also called Little Hollingworth manor, and was at Thorncliffe Hall in 1359.{{cite book|last=Davenport|title=Davenport Puter Rolls for Longdendale|year=1359}}

The ancient family of Hollingworth migrated to Devon, London, Lincoln, Maidstone in Kent and Dale Abbey in Derbyshire. A pedigree for the family shows they descended in a continuous male line from the Lords of Hollingworth to the present day.

Hollingworth Hall is no longer standing, but the family's chapel remains.

There is one main tier of local government covering Hollingworth, at metropolitan borough level: Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. The council is a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority, which is led by the directly-elected Mayor of Greater Manchester. Hollingworth forms part of the Longdendale ward of Tameside.{{cite web |title=Election Maps |url=https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/ |publisher=Ordnance Survey |access-date=2 February 2025}}

Hollingworth was historically a township in the ancient parish of Mottram-in-Longdendale, which formed part of the Macclesfield Hundred of Cheshire.{{cite web |title=Hollingworth Township / Civil Parish |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10156294 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=17 February 2025}}{{cite book |title=Book of Reference to the Plan of the Parish of Mottram-in-Longdendale |date=1874 |publisher=Ordnance Survey |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Book_of_Reference_to_the_Plan_of_the_Par/hNMHAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=RA8-PP9&printsec=frontcover |access-date=14 February 2025}} From the 17th century onwards, parishes were gradually given various civil functions under the poor laws, in addition to their original ecclesiastical functions. In some cases, including Mottram-in-Longdendale, the civil functions were exercised by each township separately rather than the parish as a whole. In 1866, the legal definition of 'parish' was changed to be the areas used for administering the poor laws, and so Hollingworth became a civil parish.{{cite book |last1=Youngs |first1=Frederic |title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England: Volume II, Northern England |date=1991 |publisher=Royal Historical Society |location=London |isbn=0861931270 |page=xv}}

The Hollingworth township was made a local government district in 1863, administered by an elected local board.{{London Gazette|issue=22795|page=6444|date=8 December 1863}} Such districts were reconstituted as urban districts under the Local Government Act 1894.{{cite book |title=Kelly's Directory of Cheshire |date=1914 |page=369 |url=https://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/digital/collection/p16445coll4/id/235566 |access-date=17 February 2025}} In 1913, the council moved its headquarters to Albion Lodge (now called Albion House) on the street called Mottram Moor.{{cite news |title=Hollingworth's New Schemes |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0001348%2F19130808&page=5 |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=Glossop-dale Chronicle |date=17 February 2025 |location=Glossop |page=5}}

Hollingworth Urban District was abolished in 1936 to become part of the new Longdendale Urban District.{{cite web |title=Hollingworth Urban District |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10001365#tab02 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=17 February 2025}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ukbmd.org.uk/reg/districts/ashton%20under%20lyne.html|title=Ashton under Lyne Registration District|publisher=UKBMD|accessdate=6 November 2024}} In 1931 (the last census before the abolition of the parish and urban district), Hollingworth had a population of 2,299.{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10156294/cube/TOT_POP|title=Population statistics Hollingworth CP/Tn through time|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=6 November 2024}} Longdendale Urban District was in turn abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The area became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside in Greater Manchester.{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government Act 1972|year=1972|chapter=70|schedule=1|access-date=15 January 2025}}

Hollingworth lies in the valley of Longdendale, on the north bank of the River Etherow, which forms the county boundary with Derbyshire. Hollingworth is classed as part of the built-up area of Hadfield, on the south bank of the Etherow, by the Office for National Statistics.{{cite web |title=Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales: Census 2021 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwales/census2021 |website=Census 2021 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=8 August 2023}}

The village is served by the A628 road (leading to the Woodhead pass to Barnsley) and the A57 road (leading to the Snake Pass to Sheffield). Going west, the A57 joins the M67 motorway a couple of miles from the village.

Hollingworth is also served by Stagecoach Bus Service 237 from Glossop to Ashton-under-Lyne, passing every 30 minutes until 6pm then every hour thereafter.

There are two schools in Hollingworth:

• Hollingworth Primary and Nursery School, for children up to aged 11
• Longdendale High School, a comprehensive school for children aged 11–16.

• Hollingworth Cricket Club plays in the Derbyshire and Cheshire League.
• Hollingworth Brass Band rehearses at Longdendale Community Language College.
• Etherow Bowling Club is located just off the Boulevard at the bottom of Taylor Street. They have 6 teams (5 Men's & 1 Ladies') who play Crown Green Bowls.
• 1st Longdendale Scouts troop night is held at the Cannon Street Community Centre weekly.

• Fashion designer Vivienne Westwood (1941–2022) was born at 6, Millbrook in the village.{{Cite web|url=https://www.showstudio.com/news/the-vivienne-westwood-family-return-home-for-tintwistle-campaign|title=The Vivienne Westwood Family Return Home for Tintwistle Campaign |website=www.showstudio.com}}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-KptFTtpC3QC&dq=%22vivienne+westwood%22+Millbrook,+Hollingworth&pg=PT13 |title= Vivienne Westwood: An Unfashionable Life|last=Mulvagh |first=Jane |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2013 |isbn=978-0007-5151-27}}

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Category:Villages in Greater Manchester

Category:Towns and villages of the Peak District

Category:Former civil parishes in Greater Manchester

Category:Geography of Tameside