Holocentridae
{{Short description|Family of ray-finned fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Late Cretaceous|Recent}}
| image = Holocentrus adscensionis - pone.0010676.g033.png
| image_caption = Holocentrus adscensionis
| display_parents = 2
| parent_authority =
| taxon = Holocentridae
| authority = J. Richardson, 1846
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies and genera
| subdivision_ref = {{FishBase family | family = Holocentridae| month = October | year = 2024}}
| subdivision =
- Holocentrinae
- Holocentrus
- Neoniphon
- Sargocentron
- Myripristinae
- Corniger
- Myripristis
- Ostichthys
- Plectrypops
- Pristilepis
}}
Holocentridae is a family of ray-finned fish, the only family of the suborder Holocentroidei and the only family of the order Holocentriformes. The members of the subfamily Holocentrinae are typically known as squirrelfish, while the members of Myripristinae typically are known as soldierfish.Lieske, Ewald, & Robert Myers. 1999. Coral Reef Fishes - Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean including the Red Sea. 2nd edition. {{ISBN|0-691-00481-1}} In Hawaii, they are known by the Japanese name {{Nihongo|2=メンパチ|3=mempachi/menpachi}} or the Hawaiian {{Lang|haw|ʻūʻū}}.
They are found in tropical parts of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, with the greatest species richness near reefs in the Indo-Pacific. Most are found at depths from the shoreline to {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}}, but some, notably the members of the genus Ostichthys, are generally found far deeper. Being largely or entirely nocturnal, they have relatively large eyes. During the day, they typically remain hidden in crevices, caves, or under ledges.{{cite book|editor=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N.|author= Paxton, John R.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|isbn= 0-12-547665-5|page= 161}} Red and silvery colours dominate.Debelius, Helmut. 1993. Indian Ocean Tropical Fish Guide. {{ISBN|3-927991-01-5}} The preopercle spines (near the gill opening) of the members of the subfamily Holocentrinae are venomous, and can give painful wounds.Randall, John E. 2005. Reef and Shore Fishes of the South Pacific.. {{ISBN|0-8248-2698-1}}Allen, Gerry. 1999. Marine Fishes of Tropical Australia and south-east Asia. {{ISBN|0-7309-8363-3}} Most have a maximum length of {{convert|15|–|35|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}}, but Sargocentron iota barely reaches {{convert|8|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}}, and S. spiniferum and Holocentrus adscensionis can reach more than {{convert|50|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}}. The squirrelfishes mainly feed on small fishes and benthic invertebrates, while the soldierfishes typically feed on zooplankton. The larvae are pelagic, unlike the adults, and can be found far out to sea.
Timeline
Definitive holocentroid fishes first appear in the earliest part of the Cenozoic and boast a modest fossil record.{{cite journal|last1=Andrews |first1=J. V. |last2=Schein |first2=J. P. |last3=Friedman |first3=M. |title=An earliest Paleocene squirrelfish (Teleostei: Beryciformes: Holocentroidea) and its bearing on the timescale of holocentroid evolution |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=21 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2023.2168571 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023JSPal..2168571A }}
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References
{{Reflist}}
- {{cite journal |author1=Luczkovich, JJ |author2=Keusenkothen, M |title=Behavior and Sound Production by Longspine Squirrelfish Holocentrus rufus During Playback of Predator and Conspecific Sounds. |journal=In: NW Pollock and JM Godfrey (Eds.) the Diving for Science…2007 |volume=Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences |issue=Twenty–sixth annual Scientific Diving Symposium |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-9800423-1-3 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122034542/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7000 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=November 22, 2008 |access-date=2008-06-14 |publisher=American Academy of Underwater Sciences |location=Dauphin Island, Ala. }}
External links
- {{EOL}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1335080}}