Homelessness in Oregon#Portland

File:Northeast Portland homeless camp tents.jpg neighborhood of Portland in 2020.]]

File:Homeless man in Portland, Oregon.jpg, in 2016]]

In Portland, the local government took efforts in trying to become a zero-homeless city, which failed to meet its mission.{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2015/01/our_homeless_crisis_successes.html|title=Our Homeless Crisis: Successes of Portland's 10-year plan to end homelessness|last=Griffin|first=Anna|date=2015-01-17|website=The Oregonian|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-06|quote=Portland's 10-year plan to end chronic homelessness failed to fulfill its stated mission.|archive-date=2019-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307173812/https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2015/01/our_homeless_crisis_successes.html|url-status=live}} This is through a 10-year plan which they proposed in 2005 which states that they would move people into affordable housing rather than moving them to temporary shelters.{{Cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/portland-homeless/|title=Our homeless crisis|last=Oregonian/OregonLive|first=Anna Griffin {{!}} The|date=2015-01-17|website=The Oregonian|language=en|access-date=2019-03-06|archive-date=2018-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003160558/https://www.oregonlive.com/portland-homeless/|url-status=live}}

Illegal camps have been growing in and around Portland since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic. Some of those have become a public safety and health concerns.{{Cite web|last=Vinson|first=Ty|date=2020-07-22|title=As coronavirus rages, Portland's homeless camps continue to grow|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/coronavirus/2020/07/as-coronavirus-rages-portlands-homeless-camps-continue-to-grow.html|access-date=2020-08-03|website=The Oregonian|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806163152/https://www.oregonlive.com/coronavirus/2020/07/as-coronavirus-rages-portlands-homeless-camps-continue-to-grow.html|url-status=live}} One of the leading complaints about transient camps in Portland has been the used hypodermic needles on the ground which has been worsening as city suspended cleanups during the pandemic.{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Brian|date=2020-07-14|title=Portland company keeps hypodermic needles out of landfills by recycling them|url=https://katu.com/news/homeless-crisis-the-best-we-can-do/portland-company-keeps-hypodermic-needles-out-of-landfills-by-recycling-them|access-date=2020-08-06|website=KATU|archive-date=2020-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807005548/https://katu.com/news/homeless-crisis-the-best-we-can-do/portland-company-keeps-hypodermic-needles-out-of-landfills-by-recycling-them|url-status=live}} Businesses in Old Town Chinatown have voiced concerns about the increasing number of tents A business owner and Old Town Chinatown neighborhood board member interviewed by The Oregonian said the number of tents have grown significantly since the pandemic and have heard from his customers that they don't feel comfortable visiting the area.{{Cite web|last=Goldberg|first=Jamie|date=August 2, 2020|title=Portland drafts plan to revive downtown, but business owners worry city is moving too slowly|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/business/2020/08/portland-drafts-plan-to-revive-downtown-but-business-owners-worry-city-is-moving-too-slowly.html|access-date=2020-08-03|website=The Oregonian|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803042420/https://www.oregonlive.com/business/2020/08/portland-drafts-plan-to-revive-downtown-but-business-owners-worry-city-is-moving-too-slowly.html|url-status=live}} Many tents on the streets originated from Multnomah County. Between June 2020 and September 2022, the county spent $1.6 million to purchase 22,700 tents to hand out and $416,052 to buy 69,514 tarps to hand out. COVID-19 relief funds was used for this.{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Multnomah County purchased 22,000+ tents for homeless |url=https://www.koin.com/news/homeless/multnomah-county-purchased-22000-tents-for-homeless/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=KOIN.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203230152/https://www.koin.com/news/homeless/multnomah-county-purchased-22000-tents-for-homeless/ |url-status=dead }}

File:North Portland homeless tent camp.jpg

Multiple news outlet reported on the city auditor's report on the city's handling of illegal campsite clean ups by the Homelessness/Urban Camping Impact Reduction Program.{{Cite web|last=Powell|first=Meerah|title=Audit Calls For More Organization Of Portland Homeless Camp Clean-Up Program|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/portland-homeless-camp-clean-up-audit/|access-date=2020-07-24|website=www.opb.org|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Gil|first=Debra|title=Audit: Portland needs to improve management of homeless camp cleanups|url=https://www.kptv.com/news/audit-portland-needs-to-improve-management-of-homeless-camp-cleanups/article_71c0f9a8-4b40-11e9-9fe5-43d2022330d8.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=KPTV.com|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2019-08-01|title=Portland's homeless camp cleanups 'just Band-Aids'|url=https://www.koin.com/news/civic-affairs/homeless-camp-cleanup-complaints-continue-despite-audit/|access-date=2020-07-24|website=KOIN.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921184112/https://www.koin.com/news/civic-affairs/homeless-camp-cleanup-complaints-continue-despite-audit/|url-status=dead}} Since 2015, the City of Portland implemented a streamlined campsite complaint intake. City contractors then removed tents, items and other items and stored them. The database was to prioritize cleanup based on "biohazards, garbage and other factors, such as whether campers are aggressive or openly using drugs". The Oregonian summarized that the auditors found little evidence prioritization was occurring and no clear indication of what criteria were invoked in selecting which camps are to be removed or not removed and auditors documented the city often ignored hundreds of complaints made by residents. The newspaper commented "That non-response doesn’t comport with the crackdown on illegal camping instituted by Mayor Ted Wheeler earlier in his term." The audit conducted in summer and fall of 2018 reported that the city needed to improve communications to illegal campers as well as complainants.{{Cite web|last1=Friedman|first1=Gordon|last2=Harbarger|first2=Molly|date=2019-03-20|title=Portland homeless camps clean-up program needs improving, auditors say|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2019/03/portland-homeless-camps-clean-up-program-needs-improving-auditors-say.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=oregonlive|language=en}} The auditor recommends providing complainants with a status update. In 2019, the city announced they intend to do that with a new app that helps people "better record and understand HUCIRP"{{Cite web|last=Falkers|first=Brittany|date=March 20, 2019|title=Audit recommends several improvements for homeless camp clean-up program|url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/audit-recommends-several-improvements-for-homeless-camp-clean-up-program/283-22559971-348b-41b9-b715-f92eb585371a|access-date=2020-07-27|website=kgw.com|language=en-US}} As of June 2020, the status update for reporting party has yet to be implemented per city's own status update.{{Cite web|title=1-Year Audit Update: Cleanups of Homeless Camps: Improvements made to property handling {{!}} 2020 Reports {{!}} The City of Portland, Oregon|url=https://www.portlandoregon.gov/auditservices/article/761604|access-date=2020-11-10|website=www.portlandoregon.gov|archive-date=2020-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031174304/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/auditservices/article/761604|url-status=dead}}

In October 2022, Mayor Wheeler addressed the homeless crisis in Portland again, noting how it is "nothing short of a humanitarian catastrophe". He addressed how the homeless population should be moved to the resources that would benefit them the most. The most current resolution plan for the homeless crisis in Portland is to establish three large designated camping sites. Mayor Wheeler is hoping to begin this resolution no later than 18 months after the funding is confirmed.

These designated camping areas would be able to serve approximately 125 people and would "provide access to services such as food, hygiene, litter collection and treatment for mental health and substance abuse".Rush, C. (2022, October 22). Oregon mayor to ban homeless camps on portland streets, designate campsites. PBS. Retrieved January 30, 2023, from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/oregon-mayor-to-ban-homeless-camps-on-portland-streets-designate-campsites#:~:text=Oregon's%20homelessness%20crisis%20has%20been,across%20the%20city%2C%20Wheeler%20said.

Safe Rest Villages are shelter solutions designed to provide improved opportunities for individuals in Portland who are transitioning from homelessness to permanent housing.{{Cite web |title=Safe Rest Villages {{!}} Portland.gov |url=https://www.portland.gov/safe-rest-villages |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=www.portland.gov |language=en}} While the program primarily focuses on offering alternative outdoor shelters, it also oversees Portland's inaugural RV Safe Park. Each Safe Rest Village incorporates comprehensive case management services, including wraparound support for behavioral and mental health needs.

Safe Rest Villages are distinct from unmanaged camping sites or ad hoc tent and vehicle encampments, as they specifically address the challenges associated with unmanaged camping.{{Cite web |title=Safe Rest Villages Program Overview {{!}} Portland.gov |url=https://www.portland.gov/safe-rest-villages/safe-rest-villages-program-overview |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=www.portland.gov |language=en}} The concept revolves around the establishment of low-barrier tiny homes, and currently, there are seven villages strategically located throughout the city, ensuring accessibility across various neighborhoods.{{Cite web |date=2023-08-24 |title=New data shows Portland’s Safe Rest Villages are having some success connecting people with housing |url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/homeless/portland-safe-rest-villages-success-data-housing-homeless/283-48671d49-0a2b-4cb4-87a7-02b35b80752d |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=kgw.com |language=en-US}}{{Expand section|date=November 2022}}

Deschutes County, Oregon is currently experiencing a large population growth. As of 2022, there are roughly 1,286 homeless people in Deschutes county. This is a 17% increase from 2021. The Emergency Houselessness Task Force has developed a crisis plan in hope to decrease these numbers.Knobbs-Seasholtz, E. (2022). Our plan to solve houselessness. Addressing Houselessness in Deschutes County. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from https://www.houselessindeschutes.org/our-plan-to-solve-houselessness

County, D. (2022). About Deschutes County. About Deschutes County | Deschutes County Oregon. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from https://www.deschutes.org/administration/page/about-deschutes-county#:~:text=The%20county%20encompasses%203%2C055%20square,of%20any%20county%20in%20Oregon

Between 2013 and February 2019, the police department has seen a 60% increase in "unwanted person" complaints.{{Cite web|last=Shepard|first=Katie|date=February 6, 2019|title=Portlanders Call 911 to Report "Unwanted" People More Than Any Other Reason. We Listened In.|url=https://www.wweek.com/news/2019/02/06/portlanders-call-911-to-report-unwanted-people-more-than-any-other-reason-we-listened-in/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Willamette Week|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921042900/https://www.wweek.com/news/2019/02/06/portlanders-call-911-to-report-unwanted-people-more-than-any-other-reason-we-listened-in/|url-status=live}} Homeless represent 3% of population while representing 52% of arrests.{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Anna V.|date=June 13, 2020|title=There's already an alternative to calling the police|url=https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2020/06/theres-already-an-alternative-to-calling-the-police/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Mother Jones|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813202228/https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2020/06/theres-already-an-alternative-to-calling-the-police/|url-status=live}}

Grants Pass is a city in and the county seat of Josephine County, Oregon.{{cite web |title=Find a County |url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=2011-05-31 |access-date=2011-06-07 |publisher=National Association of Counties}} It is the 15th most populous city in Oregon in the 2020 United States census.{{cite web |title=QuickFacts Grants Pass city, Oregon |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/grantspasscityoregon |access-date=April 27, 2023 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}

Grants Pass adopted ordinances generally prohibiting sleeping in public, camping in public, and camping in a city park. Prior to Martin v. Boise (2018), the city functionally equated sleeping in public parks with camping. After Martin, however, the city amended the definition of camping to capture the use of bedding, or the placement of a stove or fire to "maintain[] a temporary place to live." An individual who violated these ordinances faced civil citations and fines and could be temporarily barred from a city park for receiving two relevant citations. If an individual returned to a city park while under such an exclusion order, they faced potential criminal prosecution.{{Cite web |last=Novak |first=Whitney K. |last2=Sidhu |first2=Dave S. |title=The Eighth Amendment and Homelessness: Supreme Court Upholds Camping Ordinances in City of Grants Pass v. Johnson |url=https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/LSB11203 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324023842/https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/LSB11203 |archive-date=2025-03-24 |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www.congress.gov}}

{{Excerpt|City of Grants Pass v. Johnson|Oregon District Court ruling}}

{{See also|City of Grants Pass v. Johnson#Supreme Court ruling}}

In a 6-3 decision authored by Justice Gorsuch, the Supreme Court of the United States sided with the city and held that the "enforcement of generally applicable laws regulating camping on public property does not constitute 'cruel and unusual punishment.'" The Court first reasoned that although other constitutional provisions may limit what conduct a government may criminalize, the Cruel and Unusual Punishments clause focuses on the "method or kind of punishment a government may impose for the violation of criminal statutes." The history behind the clause suggests the founders were concerned with the imposition of "certain barbaric punishments" that were "calculated to 'superad[d] terror, pain, or disgrace'" and had "long fallen out of use." The criminal punishments that the city imposed for violation of its anticamping ordinances—fines and a possible 30-day jail sentence for repeat offenders—were not cruel or unusual under these standards, according to the Court.

Despite concluding that the Grants Pass ordinances were not cruel and unusual punishment under any of the plaintiffs' theories, the Court acknowledged that other legal doctrines are available to protect "those in our criminal justice system from a conviction." The Court observed that many jurisdictions recognize defenses to criminal charges such as necessity, insanity, diminished-capacity, and duress that defendants could assert if charged under anticamping ordinances like those in Grants Pass. The Court also recognized that the Constitution provides additional limits on state prosecutorial power such as fair notice of criminal laws, equal protection under the law, and prohibitions on selective prosecution.

In her dissenting opinion, Justice Sotomayor would have held that the ordinances violate Robinson v. California's command that the government may not punish an individual for their status. She reasoned that the ordinances punish the involuntary status of being homeless (lacking temporary shelter) by punishing people for the defining conduct of that status (sleeping outside). She further argued that punishing an "essential bodily function," such as sleeping, does not amount to cognizable conduct under Robinson.

11 people were stabbed and wounded at a homeless shelter in Salem.

• City of Grants Pass v. Johnson
• Homelessness in the United States by state
• Joint Office of Homeless Services

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{{Portal|Oregon}}

• [https://www.portlandoregon.gov/toolkit/74071 City of Portland official transient encampment complaints map]

{{Homelessness}}

{{Homelessness in Oregon}}