Hoochie coochie
{{Short description|Term for several belly dance-like dances}}
{{Wiktionary}}
File:Ashea_Waba_dancing_1890s.jpg belly dancing as "Little Egypt". 1890s.]]
The hoochie coochie ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|uː|tʃ|i|_|ˈ|k|uː|tʃ|i}}) is a catch-all term to describe several sexually provocative belly dance-like dances from the mid-to late 1800s. Also spelled hootchy-kootchy and a number of other variations, it is often associated with "The Streets of Cairo, or the Poor Little Country Maid" song, also known as "the snake charmer song". "Hoochie Coochie Man" (originally titled "I'm Your Hoochie Cooche Man") is also a blues standard written by Willie Dixon and first recorded by Muddy Waters in Chicago, January 7, 1954. Numerous cover versions of this classic continue to be recorded. Hoochie Coochie is also mentioned in Alan Jackson's hit country music song "Chattahoochee", where he says it refers to [https://country959.com/blogs/country-music-news/2024/04/alan-jackson-finally-explains-what-a-hoochie-coochie-is/ "a country fair strip show"]. It is also mentioned in the Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller songs "Little Egypt (Ying-Yang)" and "Saved" (sung by LaVern Baker).
Overview
Such dances, or something similar, were performed at the Crystal Palace Exhibition in London in 1851, the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876, and the World's Fair in Paris in 1889.{{cite web|last1=Salimpour|first1=Jamila|title=1876: The First Ripples of Belly Dance on America's Shore|url=http://thebestofhabibi.com/4-vol-12-no-4-fall-1993/1876-2/|website=The Best of Habibi|accessdate=11 July 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006215830/http://thebestofhabibi.com/4-vol-12-no-4-fall-1993/1876-2/|archive-date=6 October 2011}} Although such dances became wildly popular in the United States during the Chicago World's Fair in 1893, there is no evidence of them being known by the name "Coochie Coochie" at the time.{{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=Peter Jensen|title=Part II: The History and Etymology of the "Hoochie-Coochie" Dance|url=http://esnpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/part-ii-history-and-etymology-of.html|website=Early Sports 'n' Pop-Culture History Blog|accessdate=11 July 2016|date=2016-07-08}} Before, during and immediately after the fair, these dances were frequently called, "Mussel dance", "stomach dance", danse du ventre and sometimes, "Kouta Kouta".{{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=Peter Jensen|title=The Kouta-Kouta and the Coochie-Cooche – a History and Etymology of the "Hoochie Coochie" Dance|url=http://esnpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-kouta-kouta-and-coochie-coochie.html|website=Early Sports 'n' Pop-Culture History Blog|accessdate=11 July 2016|date=2016-07-04}} The transition from "kouta kouta" to "coochie coochie", and later, "hoochie coochie", may have been influenced by the expressions, "hoochy, coochy, coochy", "kutchy, kutchy", or "kutchy, kutchy coo", which were found in popular song lyrics from the 1860s and the 1880s.
Described by the New York Journal in 1893 as "Neither dancing of the head nor the feet", it was a dance performed by women of, or presented as having, Middle-Eastern and/or Romani heritage,Stencell, A. W. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dXIZbIKMUesC&dq=%22hoochie+coochie%22+%22New+York+Journal&pg=PA5 Girl Show: Into the Canvas World of Bump and Grind] ECW Press, 1999. {{ISBN|1550223712}}. p. 605 often as part of traveling sideshows.
The hoochie coochie replaced the much older can-can as the ribald dance of choice in New York dance halls by the 1890s.{{cite book|last1=Asbury|first1=Herbert|title=The Gangs of New York|date=1929|publisher=Knopf|location=New York}}
A carnival company recently rented a large open space in a New York town of 5000 population and opened up for business. The most lucrative part of their business is a "girl" show, too foul to write of. The barker in his endeavor to secure customers appeals to all that is opposed to decency, while the three main attractions emphasize his harangue by "hoochie-coochie" dances and other physical contortions.—The Social Hygiene Bulletin, Vol. VII, No. 7, July 1920
Since the dance was performed by women, female impersonators or drag queens,{{cite book |title=The Circus Age: Culture and Society under the American Big Top |first=Janet M. |last=Davis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FDzqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA178 |page=178 |via=Google Books |isbn=978-0807861493 |date=2003|publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press }} a goochie man, or hoochie coochie man, either watched them or ran the show. Alternatively, from the directly sexual meaning of goochie goochie, he was successful with women. The dance was still popular at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition: the World's Fair of 1904, and is even mentioned in the song "Meet Me in St. Louis, Louis", but had all but disappeared by the Second World War.
Spelling variations
Pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|uː|tʃ|i|_|ˈ|k|uː|tʃ|i}} or {{IPA|hüchē¦küchē}} according to Webster's dictionary definition,{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hootchy-kootchy|title=Definition of HOOTCHY-KOOTCHY|website=Merriam-webster.com}} the words can be found in literature with a number of alternate spellings:
- Hoochie – hootchy hootchey hootchie hoochy hoochey
- Coochie – kootchy kootchey kootchie koochy koochey, cootchy cootchey cootchie coochy coochey