Hor

• He had a short reign only partially preserved in the Turin King List
• He may have had a coregency with Sekhemre Khutawy Khabaw with both names on the architrave.
• He may have become king at an advanced age, his skeletons thought to show a man in his forties.

Hor Awibre's reign length is partially lost to a lacuna of the Turin canon and is consequently unknown. According to the latest reading of the Turin canon by Ryholt, the surviving traces indicate the number of days as "[... and] 7 days". In the previous authoritative reading of the canon by Alan Gardiner, which dates to the 1950s, this was read as

"[...] 7 months".Alan Gardiner, editor. Royal Canon of Turin. Griffith Institute, 1959. (Reprint 1988. {{ISBN|0-900416-48-3}}) This led scholars such as Miroslav Verner and Darrell Baker to believe that Hor's reign was ephemeral, while Ryholt's reading leaves a longer reign possible and indeed Ryholt credits Hor with 2 years of reign. In any case, Hor most likely reigned only for a short time, in particular not long enough to prepare a pyramid, which was still the common burial place for kings of the early 13th dynasty.

Regardless of the duration of his reign, Hor was seemingly succeeded by his two sons Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw and Djedkheperew.^{(speculation)}

Hor remained unattested until the discovery in 1894 of his nearly intact tomb in Dashur by Jacques de Morgan, see below.

At Tanis (Nile Delta region), in a secondary context, a granite architrave with the cartouches of Hor and Sekhemre Khutawy Khabaw was found. The architrave probably originated in Memphis and came to the Delta region during the Hyksos period. Based on this evidence, the egyptologist Kim Ryholt proposed that Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw was a son and coregent of Hor Awibre. Present location of this architrave is unknown.

Of Unknown Provenance, a plaque has been found.Berlin 7670

At Lisht, a plaque with his name was found at the Pyramid of Amenemhat I. There were found several faience plaques with 13th Dynasty king's names.Dieter Arnold: The Pyramid Complex of Amenemhat I at Lisht, The Metropolitan Museum of Art New York 2015, {{ISBN|9781588396044}}, p. 59, pl. 93

File:Jar Lid with Partial Name of the 13th Dynasty King Hor I LACMA M.80.203.226.jpg.]]

Of Unknown Provenance, a jar lid with partial name of the 13th Dynasty King Hor I.Los Angeles Country Museum of Art, LACMA M.80.203.226{{Cite web |title=Jar Lid with Partial Name of the 13th Dynasty King Hor I {{!}} LACMA Collections |url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/245648 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=collections.lacma.org}}

The British Museum have several scarabs which may be attributed to king Hor.

• EA 37652 (Hall 1913 no. 137)
• EA 28813 (Hall 1913 no. 138)
• EA 39430 (Hall 1913 no. 139)
• EA 39690 (Hall 1913 no. 140)

The Turin King List entry 7:17 lists "The Dual King Awtibra ... 7 days".{{Cite web |last=Lundström |first=Peter |title=Turin king list: Column 7 |url=https://pharaoh.se/turin-kinglist-column-7 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Pharaoh.se |language=en}}Alan H. Gardiner: The Royal Canon of Turin, Oxford 1959, Vol. III, 6.14, Warminster 1987, {{ISBN|0-900416-48-3}}. In this list, Hor is preceded by Renseneb (7:16) and succeeded by Sedjefakare (7:18).

File:AmenemhatIII-Dahchour-plan-souterrains2.jpg

File:Pic 44 hor.JPG of king Hor]]

At Dahshur, the Shaft-tomb of Hor is located inside the Pyramid Complex of Amenemhat III, reusing and expanding a shaft-tomb originally made for a member of the royal court of Amenemhat III. Ten such shaft-tombs were located north of the pyramid, where Hor occupies the first and Nubhotepti-Khered the second. His tomb was found nearly intact in 1894 by Jacques de Morgan working in collaboration with Georges Legrain and Gustave Jequier.Jacques de Morgan: Fouilles a Dahchour, mars-juin, 1894, Vienna, 1895. [http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/morgan1895 Available online]. It was nothing more than a shaft built on the north-east corner of the pyramid of the 12th Dynasty pharaoh Amenemhat III. The tomb was originally made for a member of Amenemhat's court and was later enlarged for Hor, with the addition of a stone burial chamber and antechamber.

Next to the burial of Hor was found the totally undisturbed tomb of the 'king's daughter' Nubhetepti-khered. She was likely a daughter of HorDodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2004. {{ISBN|0-500-05128-3}} or otherwise a daughter of Amenemhat III.Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments. Grove Press. 2001 (1997). {{ISBN|0-8021-3935-3}}

File:Funerary mask of Hor Awibre.png

The mummy of the king had been ransacked for his jewelry and only Hor's skeleton was left in his coffin. The king was determined to have been in his forties at the time of his death. He was found with his arms across his chest.Edward F. Wente (1995) Who was who among the royal mummies. In The Orientalt Institute no. 144

File:Hor Awibre Scepters.png

Burial goods include a canopic chest,Cairo, Egyptian Museum JE 51266 canopic jars,Cairo, Egyptian Museum CG 4019-4022 gold-leaf,Copenhagen, National Museum 4220 and a ka-statuette.Cairo, Egyptian Museum JE-/CG 1163Ryholt 1997:339-340 File 13/15 His burial goods show a special type of hieroglyphs known as "incomplete hieroglyphs", which developed in the reign of Amenemhat III onwards (i.e. burial equipment of Nefruptah), where parts of animal hieroglyphs have been ritually 'mutilated' removing their legs etc.Miniachi (2010) The Incomplete Hieroglyphs System at the end of the Middle Kingdom

Although the tomb had been pillaged in antiquity, it still contained a naos with a rare life-size wooden statue of the Ka of the king. This statue is one of the most frequently reproduced examples of Ancient Egyptian art and is now in the Egyptian Museum under the catalog number CG259. It is one of the best-preserved and most accomplished wooden statues to survive from antiquity, and illustrates an artistic genre that must once have been common in Egyptian art, but has rarely survived in such good condition.

The tomb also contained the partly gilded rotten rectangular wooden coffin of the king.Cairo CG 28106 The king's wooden funerary mask, its eyes of stones set in bronze,Cairo CG 28107 had been stripped of its gold gilding but still held the king's skull. Hor's canopic box was also found complete with its canopic vessels.

Other artifacts from the tomb include an offering table,Cairo JE 30953 small statues, alabaster and wooden vases, some jewelry, two alabaster stelae inscribed with blue painted hieroglyphs and a number of flails, scepters and wooden staves which had all been disposed in a long wooden case. These had been intentionally broken in pieces. The tomb also housed weapons such as a granite macehead and a golden-leaf dagger and numerous pottery.

According to Ryholt and Darrell Baker, Hor Awibre was the fifteenth ruler of the 13th Dynasty.Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, {{ISBN|978-1-905299-37-9}}, 2008, p. 112-113-114 Alternatively, Detlef Franke and Jürgen von Beckerath see him as the fourteenth king of the dynasty.Thomas Schneider: Ancient Egyptian Chronology - Edited by Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, And David a. Warburton, [https://www.scribd.com/doc/56781350/Ancient-Egyptian-Chronology-Edited-by-Erik-Hornung-Rolf-Krauss-And-David-a-Warburton available online], see p. 176Detlef Franke: Zur Chronologie des Mittleren Reiches (12.-18. Dynastie) Teil 1 : Die 12. Dynastie, in Orientalia 57 (1988)Jürgen von Beckerath: Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der Zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten, Glückstadt, 1964Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägyptens, Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 46. Mainz am Rhein, 1997 No evidence has been found that relate Hor to his predecessor on the throne, Renseneb, which led Ryholt and Baker to propose that he was an usurper.

Some Egyptologists speculate his reign was from c. 1777 BC until 1775 BCK.S.B. Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&q=Hor excerpts available online]. or for a few months, c. 1760 BC or c. 1732 BC.Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen

• Sydney H Aufrère (2001) BIFAO 101, pp. 1-41 [https://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/101/01/]
• Hall 1913 / Catalogue of Egyptian scarabs, etc. in the British Museum no. 137, 138, 139, 140 [https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofegypt00hall/catalogueofegypt00hall_djvu.txt]https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofegypt00hall/catalogueofegypt00hall_djvu.txt

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{{Commons category|Hor}}

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Category:18th-century BC pharaohs

Category:Pharaohs of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt