Horace Freeland Judson
{{Short description|American historian of molecular biology (1931–2011)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Horace Freeland Judson
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|04|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Manhattan, New York, United States
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|05|06|1931|04|21|df=yes}}
| death_place = Baltimore, Maryland, US
| nationality =
| other_names =
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
- The Eighth Day of CreationThe Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology (1979). Touchstone Books, {{ISBN|0-671-22540-5}}. 2nd edition: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1996 paperback: {{ISBN|0-87969-478-5}}.
- The Great Betrayal: Fraud in Science{{Citation
|last=Judson
|first=Horace Freeland
|title=The Great Betrayal : Fraud In Science
|publisher=Harcourt
|location=Orlando
|year=2004
|isbn=0-15-100877-9
|oclc=54694616
}} The book surveys many cases where scientific misconduct by aberrant scientists has threatened the reliability and foundations of the scientific process.{{citation
|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0RGR/is_/ai_n8698960
|title=Review: 'The Great Betrayal: Fraud in Science'
|work=Library Bookwatch
|publisher=The Gale Group
|accessdate=2009-03-30
}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}
{{citation
|url= |journal=J Clin Invest
|volume=115
|issue=2
|pages=198
|date=1 February 2005
|doi=10.1172/JCI24343
|author=Alan Price
|title=Book Review : 'The great betrayal : Fraud in science'
|pmc=546437
}}}}
| occupation = Historian
| children = {{Plainlist|
- Olivia Judson
- Nicholas Judson
- Grace Judson}}
}}
Horace Freeland Judson (April 21, 1931 – May 6, 2011){{Cite journal | last1 = Ptashne | first1 = M. | author-link = Mark Ptashne| title = Horace Judson (1931–2011) | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001104 | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 9 | issue = 7 | pages = e1001104 | year = 2011 | pmc =3134443 | doi-access = free }}{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/science/11judson.html?_r=1&ref=obituaries/ |title=Horace Freeland Judson, Science Historian, Dies at 80 |first=William |last=Grimes |work=The New York Times |date=10 May 2011 |access-date=15 May 2011}} was a journalist and later with more prominence a historian of molecular biology including authoring several books, including The Eighth Day of Creation, a history of molecular biology, and The Great Betrayal: Fraud in Science, an examination of the deliberate manipulation of scientific data.[http://davidcrowe.ca/SciHealthEnv/2004-12-TheGreatBetrayal.html "The Great Betrayal: A Book Review"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061225030051/http://davidcrowe.ca/SciHealthEnv/2004-12-TheGreatBetrayal.html |date=25 December 2006 }}, 24 January 2005.
Life and career
Horace Freeland Judson was born on 21 April 1931, in Manhattan, New York. He contracted polio at the age of 13, and the disease left him with a withered right arm. Judson matriculated at the University of Chicago at age 15 and graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1948,{{Cite web|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/guides/glass/PartIII.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705025522/http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/guides/glass/PartIII.htm|url-status=dead|title=American Philosophical Society|archivedate=5 July 2008}} and worked for seven years for Time magazine as a European correspondent in London and Paris. He subsequently wrote for The New Yorker, Harper's, and Nature among others. Judson spent nine years on the faculty of Johns Hopkins University and then four years as a research scholar at Stanford University. He was the director of the now defunct Center for History of Recent Science and a Research Professor of History at George Washington University. In 1987 Judson was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.{{cite web |url=http://www.rockefeller.edu/lectures/judson041700.html |title=Talking about the Genome Project |work=Centennial Lecture by H.F. Judson |publisher=Rockefeller University |date=17 April 2000 |access-date=28 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051201010716/http://www.rockefeller.edu/lectures/judson041700.html |archive-date=1 December 2005 |url-status=dead }}
The Eighth Day of Creation arose out of Judson's acquaintance with Max Perutz; In 1968 came the idea of a book about the discovery of the structures of cellular macromolecules. Following a discussion with Jacques Monod in 1969, Judson expanded his planned book to a general history of molecular biology. The result is based on interviews of over 100 scientists, cross-checked and re-interviewed over a period of seven years.Judson, H. F. The Eighth Day of Creation (1979), p. 10–11 The book was partially serialized in three issues of The New Yorker in November and December 1978. Following the publication of the book, Judson deposited the tapes and transcripts of the interviews at the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.{{cite web|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/mole/j/judson.htm |title=Horace Freeland Judson Collection (1968–78) |publisher=American Philosophical Society |access-date=27 November 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927142303/http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/mole/j/judson.htm |archive-date=27 September 2006 }}
He appears in Dont Look Back, D. A. Pennebaker's documentary film about Bob Dylan, in which he is subjected to what he believed to be a contrived tirade of abuse from Dylan. During Judson's interview, Dylan launches into a verbal attack on Time magazine, and Judson himself. The film's producer Pennebaker does not believe the tirade was planned, but notes that Dylan backed off, not wanting to come across as being too cruel. However, Judson believed the confrontation was contrived to make the sequence more entertaining. "That evening", said Judson, "I went to the concert. My opinion then and now was that the music was unpleasant, the lyrics inflated, and Dylan, a self-indulgent whining show off".{{cite book |last=Sounes |first=Howard |title=Down the Highway, The Life of Bob Dylan |publisher=Doubleday |year=2001 |isbn=0-552-99929-6}}
Personal life
Judson's first marriage ended in divorce. His second wife, Penelope Jones, died in 1993. Horace Freeland Judson's oldest daughter, Grace Judson,{{Cite web|url=http://www.gracejudson.com|title=Grace Judson}} is a leadership consultant and trainer. After her successful 25-year corporate career, she won the title of Fastest Knitter in America in 2002, appearing on Good Morning America in October of that year. His younger daughter, Olivia Judson, is a science journalist and currently a research fellow as an evolutionary biologist at Imperial College London and is the author of the best-selling Dr. Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation. His younger son, Nicholas Judson,{{Cite web|url=https://www.nicholasjudson.com/|title=Nicholas Judson|website=www.nicholasjudson.com}} was a scientist at the J. Craig Venter Institute (Rockville, MD), but left science to pursue a new career as a self-employed artist. Judson was an atheist.{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/may/25/horace-freeland-judson-obituary | title=Horace Freeland Judson obituary | website=TheGuardian.com | date=25 May 2011 }}
Publications
= Articles =
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. |title=Fearful of science: After Copernicus, after Darwin, after Freud comes molecular biology. Is nothing sacred? |journal=Harper's |volume=250 |issue=1498 |pages=32+ |year=1975 |pmid=11664517}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. |title=Fearful of science: Who shall watch the scientists? |journal=Harper's |volume=250 |issue=1501 |pages=70–72+ |year=1975 |pmid=11661234}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. |title=Reflections on the historiography of molecular biology |journal=Minerva |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=369–421 |year=1980 |pmid=11610977 |doi=10.1007/bf01096950 |s2cid=46542692}}
- {{Cite magazine |last1=Judson |first1=H. |title=Thumbprints in our clay: Unraveling the controversy over genetic engineering |magazine=New Republic |volume=189 |issue=12–13 |pages=12–17 |year=1983 |pmid=11651757}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. |last2=MacKay |first2=I. |title=History in the Bay of Naples |journal=Immunology Today |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=459–461 |year=1992 |pmid=1362059 |doi=10.1016/0167-5699(92)90076-j|doi-access=free }}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. |title=Frederick Sanger, Erwin Chargaff, and the metamorphosis of specificity |journal=Gene |volume=135 |issue=1–2 |pages=19–23 |year=1993 |pmid=8276259 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(93)90043-3|doi-access=free }}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. |title=Structural transformations of the sciences and the end of peer review |journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association |volume=272 |issue=2 |pages=92–94 |year=1994 |pmid=8015139 |doi=10.1001/jama.272.2.92}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. |title=The world we have lost |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=758 |pages=427–440 |year=1995 |issue=1 |pmid=7625708 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb24847.x |bibcode=1995NYASA.758..427J |s2cid=36632778}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. F. |title=Talking about the genome |doi=10.1038/35057406 |journal=Nature |volume=409 |issue=6822 |pages=769 |year=2001 |pmid=11236976 |bibcode=2001Natur.409..769J |s2cid=4766658}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. F. |title="The Greatest Surprise for Everyone" – Notes on the 50th Anniversary of the Double Helix |doi=10.1056/NEJMon035356 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=348 |issue=17 |pages=1712–1714 |year=2003 |pmid=12711749}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. F. |title=First among Equals – Francis Crick |doi=10.1056/NEJMp048233 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=351 |issue=9 |pages=858 |year=2004 |pmid=15329422}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Judson |first1=H. F. |title=The theorist |doi=10.1038/443917a |journal=Nature |volume=443 |issue=7114 |pages=917–918 |year=2006 |bibcode=2006Natur.443..917J |doi-access=free}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/BioTech/17725/page1/ |title=The Glimmering Promise of Gene Therapy |first=Horace Freeland |last=Judson |publisher=Technology Review |date=14 November 2006}}
= Books =
- Heroin Addiction: What Americans Can Learn from the English Experience (1975). Vintage Books, ISBN 0-394-72017-2
- The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology (1979). Touchstone Books, ISBN 0-671-22540-5. 2nd edition: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1996 paperback: ISBN 0-87969-478-5.
- The Search for Solutions (1982). Holt Rinehart & Winston, ISBN 0-03-043771-7
- Science in Crisis at the Millennium (1999). New York Academy of Sciences, ISBN 1-57331-106-5
- The Great Betrayal: Fraud in Science (2004). Harcourt, ISBN 0-15-100877-9
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- His daughter reminisces as she clears out his house: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/category/the-task/
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Judson, Horace Freeland}}