Horodok, Lviv Oblast
{{short description|City in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{about|a city in Lviv Oblast|other populated places with the same name|Horodok (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Horodok
| native_name = Городок
| native_name_lang = uk
| other_name = {{lang|pl|Gródek Jagielloński}}
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Horodok Lviv Obl Town Hall.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = City Hall
| image_flag = Flag of Horodok.png
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| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield = COA of Horodok in Lviv Oblast.svg
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| pushpin_map = Ukraine Lviv Oblast#Ukraine
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ukraine##Location in Lviv Oblast
| coordinates = {{coord|49|47|00|N|23|38|40|E| region:UA_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{UKR}}
| subdivision_type1 = Oblast
| subdivision_name1 = Lviv Oblast
| subdivision_type2 = Raion
| subdivision_name2 = Lviv Raion
| subdivision_type3 = Hromada
| subdivision_name3 = Horodok urban hromada
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| area_total_km2 = 30
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| population_total = 16,085
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_density_km2 = auto
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| timezone1 = EET
| utc_offset1 = +02:00
| timezone1_DST = EEST
| utc_offset1_DST = +03:00
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 81500
| area_code_type = Area codes
| area_code = +380 3231
| iso_code =
| website = [http://1ua.com.ua/c13856 місто Городок] (Ukrainian)
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| module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=14 |marker = town |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}
__NOTOC__
Horodok ({{langx|uk|Городок}}, {{IPA|uk|ɦoroˈdɔk|ipa|audio=LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Gzhegozh-Городок.wav}}; {{langx|pl|Gródek Jagielloński}}) is a city in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Horodok urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.{{cite web |title=Городокская городская громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/gorodok/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}} Population: {{Ua-pop-est2022|16,085|.}}
History
{{Historical populations|align=left|1921|10491|1931|12942|2022|16085
Horodok was first mentioned by Nestor the Chronicler in the Primary Chronicle. The Galician–Volhynian Chronicle mentions that the King Daniel of Galicia came to Horodok with his forces to join Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold while they fought with Polish-Hungarians over the Galician land.
In the mid-14th century, together with whole Kingdom of Rus, the settlement was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland. Its name was changed to Gródek, and it remained in Poland for the next 400 years. In 1372, King Władysław II Jagiełło founded here a Roman Catholic parish. During this reign, Gródek also received Magdeburg rights. This was the place where King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagiełło died on 1 June 1434.
Until the First Partition of Poland, Gródek was administratively located in the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province. A battle between Ukrainian Cossack and Polish forces took place here in 1655 (see Battle of Horodok (1655)), in which Ukrainian Cossack Bohdan Khmelnytsky defeated Polish forces and then laid siege to Lviv.
In 1772, Gródek was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, as part of Austrian Galicia, where it remained until late 1918. German-speaking settlers established their own colony, called Vorderberg (1788). Austrian authorities closed local Franciscan monastery, turning it into a military depot. In 1903, a monument to Władysław II Jagiełło was unveiled here, and in 1906, the name of the town was changed from Gródek to Gródek Jagielloński, in honour of the king. During World War I, Horodok was twice the location of fierce battles: In the Battle of Gródek (1914), the advancing Russian army captured the town from Austria-Hungary, and a year later, a combined German and Austro-Hungarian force fought the Russians in the Battle of Gródek (1915).
File:Gródek Jagielloński, widok. Kompleks synagog 02.jpg
In the Second Polish Republic, Gródek was the seat of a county in Lwów Voivodeship. The town had three Roman Catholic churches, one Greek-Catholic, and a synagogue. It also was a military garrison, where a unit of Polish Army’s 5th Infantry Division was stationed. According to the 1921 census, Poles made 72% of the population, Ukrainians 26%, and Jews 2%.
During the Invasion of Poland, Gródek was captured by the Wehrmacht on 13 September 1939, and later taken over by the Red Army. In 1939–1941, Russian-communist repressed the peaceful population of the city, especially against representatives of the Polish intelligentsia. It was then recaptured by the Germans in 1941. At this time, the Jewish population of Gródek was approximately 5,000 people,{{Cite web|url=https://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/Gorodok/index.html|title=Gorodok, Ukraine|website=kehilalinks.jewishgen.org|access-date=2020-05-11}} or 800 families.{{Cite web|title=Gorodok, Ukraine (Pages 30 - 67)|url=https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/gorodok/gor030.html|website=www.jewishgen.org|access-date=2020-05-11}} During the summer of 1942, approximately half of the Jews in Gródek were murdered by the Nazis assisted, in some cases, by their local Ukrainian auxiliaries.{{cite book |last1=Megargee |first1=Geoffrey |title=Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos |date=2012 |publisher=University of Indiana Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=978-0-253-35599-7 |page=Volume II 777–779}} The remainder were shot and buried in mass graves on 3 February 1943 in the final liquidation of the Jewish ghetto in the town. Only a few Jews survived the war.
From 1945 to 1991, Gródek was a part of the Soviet Union, and returned to its historical name of Horodok. Since 1991 it has been part of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Horodok was the administrative center of Horodok Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Horodok Raion was merged into Lviv Raion.{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=www.golos.com.ua|language=uk}}{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=Ukrainian}}
Churches and Monasteries
= Gallery =
File:Давньоруське городище, Городок (01).jpg|Earthy fortifications from the times of the Galician principality XI-XIII centuries.
File:NSH Gorodok Frantsyskanskiy Monastyr 002 2.JPG|Holy Transfiguration Monastery, XV - XX centuries.
File:John the Baptist Church Horodok(LvivOblast) 01.JPG|Wooden church of St. John the Baptist, built in 1755[http://www.parafia.org.ua/UCA/derevyani/halytska/lvivska-oblast/tserkva-sv-ioana-hrestytelya-tsentralna-hrupa/ Українська Церковна Архітектура, Церква св. Іоана Хрестителя 1754 рік]
File:NSH Gorodok Tserkva Blagovischennya Bogorodytsi 001.JPG|Church of the Annunciation, built in 1633
File:Городок. Церква Святого Духа.JPG|Church of the Holy Spirit
File:Церква Святого Миколая з дзвіницею (1510 р.).JPG|Church of St. Nicholas, built in 1510
File:NSH Gorodok Kostel Vozdvyjennya Chesnogo Hresta 001.JPG|A memorial to the victims of political repressions and the Exaltation of the Holy Cross Church
File:Horodok, Lviv Oblast. St. Volodymyr & Olga Church.JPG|St. Volodymyr & Olga Church
= Religious Buildings =
Notable people
- {{Ill|Stepan Bilak|uk|Біляк Степан (правник)}} – Ukrainian politician, envoy to the Polish Sejm in the 1920s and 1930s
- Franciszek Duszeńko – Polish sculptor, rector of Academy of Fine Arts in Gdańsk
- Igor Gorin - American baritone, emigrated to the United States as a teenager
- {{Ill|Tadeusz Kaniowski|pl|Tadeusz Kaniowski (nauczyciel)}} – Polish radiologist and physician
- Roman Lysko – Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest and martyr
- Ross Martin – American actor, emigrated to the United States as an infant
- {{Ill|Les Martovych|uk|Лесь Мартович}} (1871–1916),{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CA%5CMartovychLes.htm|title=Martovych, Les|website=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com}} Ukrainian writer, lawyer, and community activist from 1899 to 1903
- {{Ill|Jerzy Sawicki|pl}} – Polish legal expert and law professor
- {{Ill|Hipolit Sliwinski|pl|Hipolit Śliwiński}} – Polish architect and politician, envoy to the Sejm
- Dmitry Vergun – publicist, journalist, poet, and historian
International relations
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine}}
=Twin towns — sister cities=
Notes
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{commons category-inline}}
- {{Official website|http://1ua.com.ua}}
- [http://gorodok.lviv.ua/ Unofficial site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017184441/http://gorodok.lviv.ua/ |date=2017-10-17 }}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100420013435/http://www.grodekjagiellonski.republika.pl/index.html Gródek Jagielloński (in Polish)]
{{Lviv Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Cities in Lviv Oblast
Category:Cities of district significance in Ukraine