Hospicio Cabañas
{{infobox building
| name = Hospicio Cabañas
| image = Hospicio Cabañas - panoramio - Wiper México.jpg
| caption = Front facade of Hospicio Cabañas
| location = Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| years_built = 1796-1810
| completion_date =
| architect = Manuel Tolsá
| height = Chapel dome: {{convert|32.5|m|ft}}
| floor_count = 1
| embedded = {{designation list | embed=yes
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_offname = Hospicio Cabañas, Guadalajara
| designation1_date = 1997 (21st session)
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_criteria = i, ii, iii, iv
| designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/815 815]
| designation1_free1name = Region
| designation1_free1value = Latin America and the Caribbean
}}
}}
The Hospicio Cabañas ({{IPA|es|osˈpisjo kaˈβaŋas}}) or Cabañas Museum in Guadalajara, Jalisco was one of the oldest and largest orphanage and hospital complexes in the Americas. Now turned into a museum, the main hall hosts the magnum opus frescoes of muralist painter José Clemente Orozco. The place was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.
History
File:Plaza Wide View (17164778999).jpg
The complex was founded in 1810 by the Bishop of Guadalajara in order to combine the functions of a workhouse, hospital, orphanage, and almshouse. It owes its name to Juan Ruiz de Cabañas who was appointed to the see of Guadalajara in 1796 and engaged Manuel Tolsá, a renowned architect from Mexico City, to design the structure.
Tolsá's design was based on classic examples such as Les Invalides in Paris and El Escorial near Madrid. The buildings form a rectangle measuring {{convert|164|by|145|m}}. These are single-storey structures which are {{convert|7.5|m}} in height. The chapel is twice as high and has a dome rising to {{convert|32.5|m}}. The complex is erected on one level, "so as to facilitate the movement of the sick, the aged, and children."{{cite web
| url=https://whc.unesco.org/document/154350
| title =World Heritage List, Guadalajara, Mexico, No. 815
| date =1 July 1997
| website=unesco.org
| publisher =UNESCO
| access-date =10 December 2016
}}File:Mural de José clemente Orosco en hospicio de cabañas.ogg
Following the death of Cabañas in 1823, construction continued until 1829. Although it served for a time as barracks in the mid-19th century, the hospital lasted well into the 20th century and continued to function until 1980, when the Cabañas Cultural Institute, with affiliated schools for arts and crafts, moved in. The highlight of the interior decoration is a series of monumental frescoes by José Clemente Orozco, including one of his most famed creations, the allegory of The Man of Fire (1936–39).
Hospicio Cabañas was made a Unesco World Heritage site in 1997.{{cite news
|last=Rojas
|first=Laurie
|title=French artist's site-specific interventions unveiled in Guadalajara's World Heritage Site
|newspaper=The Art Newspaper
|date=19 March 2014
|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Daniel-Buren-transforms-former-hospice-in-Mexico-into-a-maze-of-colour/32084
|url-status=dead
|access-date=10 December 2016
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403063824/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Daniel-Buren-transforms-former-hospice-in-Mexico-into-a-maze-of-colour/32084
|archive-date=3 April 2014
}} Funded through a collaboration by the Cabañas Institute, Jalisco's cultural ministry and the Hilario Galguera Gallery in 2014, French conceptual artist Daniel Buren created a series of site-specific works in 18 of the 23 courtyards, with cloister columns wrapped in geometric patterns, vaults painted in bright hues and mirrored structures built to create distorted views of familiar surroundings.
The sculptures La sala de los magos and Los magos universales by Alejandro Colunga are installed outside the building.
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{Commonscat-inline|Hospicio Cabañas in Guadalajara, Mexico}}
- [http://hospiciocabanas.jalisco.gob.mx/ Webpage of the institute (in spanish)]
- [https://www.google.com.mx/maps/place/Hospicio+Caba%C3%B1as/@20.676915,-103.33734,3a,75y,268.66h,93.35t/data=!3m5!1e1!3m3!1sCgVFZ7iJ_CC9OoljXtKylQ!2e0!3e5!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x4822f00ec268c622!6m1!1e1 Virtual view on Google Maps]
{{World Heritage Sites in Mexico}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hospicio Cabanas}}
Category:1791 establishments in New Spain
Category:Buildings and structures in Guadalajara, Jalisco
Category:Defunct hospitals in Mexico
Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1828
Category:Hospitals established in 1791