Hotel Newfoundland

From the late 1690s, Fort William occupied the site. Although replaced by Fort Townshend in the 1770s, it remained a British Army barracks until 1871, and became the first train station in the city. Following the opening of the new station in 1903, the building was demolished.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/quarterly/id/36905/rec/1522|page=24|title=Newfoundland Quarterly, Fall 1987|website=www.mun.ca}}

A desire to increase tourism and reduce dependence upon fishing, prompted local business and political leaders{{Cite web|url=https://canada-architecture.org/commerce-class-and-the-newfoundland-hotel|title=Commerce, Class, and the Newfoundland Hotel, 21 Oct 2020|website=www.canada-architecture.org|date=21 October 2020 }} to form a company, capitalized at $1 million, that promoted the erection of a large hotel.{{Cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/search/#lnd=1&query=%22Newfoundland+Hotel%22&ymd=1920-08-05&t=8130|page=9|title=Gazette, 5 Aug 1920|quote=A company has been promoted by Mr. B.B. Stafford, capitalized at $1,000,000, for the erection of a large hotel….|website=www.newspapers.com}} Five years later, the Government of Newfoundland gifted the land, and guaranteed the $450,000 first mortgage that partly financed the undertaking. Newfoundland Historical Facilities Ltd. let the $1 million project{{Cite web|url=https://www.nlhistory.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/NHS-2015-Winter.pdf#page=7|page=7|title=Newfoundland Historical Society Newsletter, Winter 2015|website=www.nlhistory.ca}} to T.E. Rousseau Ltd., of Quebec, and work commenced in July 1925.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/archives/id/7691|title=Hotel Newfoundland|website=www.mun.ca}} However, construction costs were double the estimates, and the contractor ceased business after completion, and liens likely left the owner out of pocket.{{Cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/search/#lnd=1&query=%22673302%22&ymd=1927-01-11&t=8130|page=11|title=Gazette, 11 Jan 1927|quote=…the assignment of the firm of T.E. Roussey Limited, building contractors of the Newfoundland Hotel….|website=www.newspapers.com}}

File:Newfoundland-hotel-st-johns-newfoundland-stamp (2).jpg

Opened in July 1926, the eight-storey hotel comprised 200 rooms, and the central lobby included two mezzanine floors (the lower one reduced only by the open staircase), and access to shops and restaurants.{{Cite web | url=https://www.newspapers.com/search/#lnd=1&query=%22newfoundland+hotel%22&ymd=1929-06-06&t=11805 |page=22 |title=National Post, 6 Jun 1929 |quote= |website=www.newspapers.com}} In 1928, the building appeared on a new postage stamp issue.{{Cite web | url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/quarterly/id/36574/rec/2012 |page=26 |title=Newfoundland Quarterly, Spring 1928|website=www.mun.ca}} That year, the Canadian Marconi Company operated a radio studio and transmitter at the hotel,{{Cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/search/#lnd=1&query=%22rapidly%22and%22station%22&ymd=1928-04-20&t=8130 |page=5|title=Gazette, 20 Apr 1928|quote=There has been installed a 500-watt Marconi radio station, the studio being in the Newfoundland Hotel….| website=www.newspapers.com}} called VOS. In 1929, the Wesley United Church, the successor, broadcast twice weekly as 8WMC.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/nfldweekly/id/1258/rec/92|page=2|title=Newfoundland Weekly, 30 Mar 1929|website=www.mun.ca}} In 1932, VONF began daily broadcasts.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_enl/id/361/rec/1|page=134|title=Broadcast Journalism|website=www.mun.ca}}

Experiencing low occupancy and burdensome capital debt, the hotel defaulted on mortgage payments. This triggered claims on the government guarantee in 1929,{{Cite web|url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/hgstandard/id/18067/rec/375|page=1|title=Harbor Grace Standard, 30 May 1930|website=www.mun.ca}} and led to a court ordered sale in 1931. Being in the midst of the Great Depression, the only offer was from the government for $447,000, which covered the outstanding mortgage principal.{{Cite web |url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/nfldweekly/id/1981/rec/203 |page=1 |title=Newfoundland Weekly, 12 Dec 1931|website=www.mun.ca}} Subsequently, the Department of Public Works frugally ran the establishment.

File:Newfoundland Hotel (1926).jpg

At a brief ceremony in the ballroom on February 16, 1934, Newfoundland ceased to be a self-governing dominion, and in effect became a crown colony again.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/guardian/id/8171/rec/1077 |page=29 |title=Atlantic Guardian, Oct 1945 | website=www.mun.ca}} Acquiring VONF, the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland (BCN) maintained a studio and headquarters on the sixth floor 1939–1949.

Within six months of Confederation, and in accordance with the specific terms of that agreement, the federal government of Canada became obligated to take possession of the loss-making hotel. Since the central lobby spanned three levels, it was described as a six-storey building, with two wings of five stories. Available for guests were 59 rooms with baths, 50 without (excluding 8 used by staff), and 16 suites. The ballroom seated 160 persons, the main dining room 110, and two smaller dining rooms 35 each. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) had absorbed the BCN on the sixth floor. On the main floor were two travel agents, a barbershop, drugstore, bar, and a newsstand beside the reception desk.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/guardian/id/2437/rec/532|pages=73–79|title=Atlantic Guardian, Dec 1949|website=www.mun.ca}}

Despite protests from Canadian National Railway (CN), ownership transferred to the CN hotel division in 1949. During those initial years, the poorly constructed, rat-infested building cost $1.5 million to rehabilitate. A 1955 deal to sell the hotel collapsed. In the 1960s, occupancy rates improved dramatically, and the hotel became one of the more valuable in the portfolio. During 1966, the cocktail lounge capacity was doubled, the dining room and ballroom switched places, and the guest rooms were redecorated and refurnished.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_period/id/66512/rec/558 |page=17|title=The Newfoundland Journal of Commerce, 1966-01|website=www.mun.ca}} In accordance with a new bilingualism policy, CN renamed the property as Hotel Newfoundland. A decade later, the small rooms, dated bathrooms, and poorly planned spaces, needed a prohibitive capital investment. Consequently, in 1983, it became the only railway hotel designed by Ross and Macdonald to be completely demolished.

CN invited select architects to create a visionary design for a new hotel. Burman, Bouchard Architects of Montreal submitted the winning entry. Dove Whitten Associates of St John's collaborated on the technical drawings. The 312-room hotel, with a glazed atrium resting upon a tetrahedron space frame, was built adjacent to, and east of, the earlier building. Construction began in November 1980, and the opening was December 1982. When CN exited the hotel business in 1988, Canadian Pacific Hotels (CP) purchased the property. In 2000, the hotel received the Minister's Award of Excellence for its improved occupational safety record.{{Cite web|url=https://www.releases.gov.nl.ca/releases/2000/envlab/0510n03.htm|title=News: Govt. of Newfoundland and Labrador|date=10 May 2000|website=www.gov.nl.ca}} After CP acquired the Fairmont brand, the property became the Fairmont Newfoundland in 2001. The 2008 purchase by Fortis Inc. led to a rebranding as the Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland. In 2015, Fortis sold its entire hotel portfolio to a private investors group.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/fortis-to-sell-off-22-hotels-across-the-country-for-365m-1.3140935|title=Fortis to sell off 22 hotels across the country for $365M|work=CBC News|date=7 July 2015|access-date=12 June 2021}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Canada's railway hotels}}

{{St. John's}}

Category:Canadian National Railway hotels

Category:Buildings and structures in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Category:Hotels in Newfoundland and Labrador

Category:Canadian Pacific Railway hotels

Category:Art Deco architecture in Canada

Category:Hotels established in 1926

Category:Hotel buildings completed in 1982

Category:Sheraton hotels

Category:1920s establishments in Newfoundland

Category:1926 establishments in North America