Howard Kirschenbaum

Kirschenbaum received his B.A. degree in literature from The New School for Social Research in 1966. He then studied at Temple University and received his M.A. degree in Teaching and doctoral degree in Educational Psychology in 1968 and 1975, respectively.

After teaching as an adjunct faculty at State University of New York, Kirschenbaum joined Warner Graduate School of Education and Human Development at University of Rochester in 1997 as Frontier Professor of School, Family and Community Relations, then as Professor and Chair of the Department of Counseling and Human Development from 2000 until 2006 when he became Professor Emeritus.

Kirschenbaum held several administrative positions throughout his career. He served as executive director of Adirondack Mountain Humanistic Education Center and its successors National Humanistic Education Center and Sagamore Institute from 1971 to 1989.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/08/garden/camp-sagamore-a-brighter-future.html|title=Camp Sagamore : A Brighter Future |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 8, 1985}}

Kirschenbaum's research specializations include values clarification, values and character education, and humanistic education. He has worked on developing and promulgating models and methods that promote progressive, constructivist approaches to counseling, education and the helping professions.

Kirschenbaum has conducted extensive research on the work of Carl Rogers and the person-centered/client centered approach. Kirschenbaum published the first thorough book in English on Rogers’ life and work, titled, On Becoming Carl Rogers in 1979, followed by the biography, The Life and Work of Carl Rogers in 2007.{{cite book|title=Life and Work of Carl Rogers|isbn=978-1556202919|last1=Kirschenbaum|first1=Howard|year=2009|publisher=American Counseling Association }}

In the mid-2000s, he authored a paper to measure the prevalence of Rogers' work and to study the status of person-centered approach. Rogers' core conditions for effective psychotherapy were validated by the later research.{{Cite web|url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-03040-007|title=APA PsycNet}} His paper summarized Rogers' work and highlighted his development of the person centered approach to counseling.{{Cite journal|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00293.x|title=Carl Rogers's Life and Work: An Assessment on the 100th Anniversary of His Birth|first=Howard|last=Kirschenbaum|date=December 17, 2004|journal=Journal of Counseling & Development|volume=82|issue=1|pages=116–124|via=Wiley Online Library|doi=10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00293.x|url-access=subscription}}

In the late 1960s until early 1980s, Kirschenbaum focused extensively on the values clarification approach in education and the helping professions. He co-authored the book Values Clarification: A Handbook of Practical Strategies for Teachers and Students, published in 1972.{{cite web|url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED069585|title=Values Clarification. A Handbook of Practical Strategies for Teachers and Students|year=1972 |last1=Simon |first1=Sidney B. |last2=Others |first2=And }}

Kirschenbaum addressed the criticism to values clarification and presented the theoretical and research base to the concept.{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20298784|title=In Defense of Values Clarification|author1=Kirschenbaum, Howard|author2=Harmin, Merrill|author3=Howe, Leland|author4=Simon, Sidney B.|year=1977|journal=The Phi Delta Kappan|volume=58|issue=10|pages=743–746|jstor=20298784}} In the late 1980s and 1990s, he incorporated the concepts of moral education and character education in his research and worked on a more comprehensive approach to values and character education. Kirschenbaum developed new models for thinking about values education{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20404767|title=A Comprehensive Model for Values Education and Moral Education|author=Kirschenbaum, Howard|year=1992|journal=The Phi Delta Kappan|volume=73|issue=10|pages=771–776|jstor=20404767}} and explored the boundaries of values clarification{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/105960117600100109|title=Clarifying Values Clarification: Some Theoretical Issues and a Review of Research|first=Howard|last=Kirschenbaum|date=January 3, 1976|journal=Group & Organization Studies|volume=1|issue=1|pages=99–116|via=Sage Journals|doi=10.1177/105960117600100109|s2cid=145628901|url-access=subscription}} along with its relationship to other fields.{{Cite journal|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00452.x|title=Using Values Clarification in Counseling Settings|first1=Barbara|last1=Glaser|first2=Howard|last2=Kirschenbaum|date=December 17, 1980|journal=The Personnel and Guidance Journal|volume=58|issue=9|pages=569–574|via=Wiley Online Library|doi=10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00452.x|url-access=subscription}} His work also emphasized the importance of changing the school climate and culture to embody the target values, rather than working only on the level of individual change.

Kirschenbaum has written or co-authored several books on value clarification and values and character education, including One Hundred Ways to Enhance Values and Morality in Schools and Youth Settings, Values Clarification in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Practical Strategies for Individual and Group Settings, Advanced Values Clarification, and Readings in Values Clarification.{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/814619|title=Readings in values clarification|first1=Sidney B|last1=Simon|first2=Howard|last2=Kirschenbaum|date=1973|publisher=Winston Press|isbn=9780030119361|oclc=814619|via=Open WorldCat}}

Kirschenbaum has conducted significant research regarding grading and evaluation. He co-authored the book, Wad-ja-get? The Grading Game in American Education, published in 1971.{{Cite web|url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED136436|title=Wad-Ja-Get? The Grading Game in American Education|year=1971 |last1=Kirschenbaum |first1=Howard |last2=Others |first2=And }}

Kirschenbaum and Bellanca conducted a survey of 1900 colleges which indicated that students from schools with alternative grading systems would not suffer a disadvantage in college admissions. The results from the survey were published in the book, The College Guide for Experimenting High Schools, which was published in 1973.{{Cite web|url=http://www.howardkirschenbaum.com/works.htm|title=Howard Kirschenbaum – Professional Books |website=www.howardkirschenbaum.com}}

Kirschenbaum founded and directed The National Humanistic Education Center in the 1970s-80s, coordinated a Humanistic Education Network, and published The Catalog for Humanizing Education in 1975. In one often-reprinted article he discussed teaching methods directed towards making students sensitive to life outside of their typical experience.{{cite journal|url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ016643|title=Sensitivity Modules|journal=Media Method Explor Educ |year=1970 |last1=Kirschenbaum |first1=Howard }} His and Barbara Glaser's Skills for Living course used in high schools in the 1980s incorporated a humanistic education curriculum.

• 1983 – Les Carlin Award, American Counseling Association
• 1974 – Values Clarification selected as “one of the outstanding books in education for 1972–73" in a survey published in National Education Association's Today's Education
• 2011 – Lifetime achievement Award for Individual Excellence in Historic Preservation, Preservation League of New York State{{Cite web|url=https://www.preservenys.org/blog/excellence-in-historic-preservation-awards-2011|title=Excellence in Historic Preservation Awards – 2011|website=Preservation League of NYS}}
• 2014 – Humanistic Impact Award for significant impact on the counseling profession and humanistic values, American Counseling Association
• 2014 – Featured as a "Living Legend" in the counseling field, American Counseling Association annual conference{{Cite web|url=https://www.wglasserinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/119_IJCTRT_APRIL2015.PDF|title=Bob Wubbolding – A Living Legend in Counseling }}

• Clarifying Values Through Subject Matter: Applications for the Classroom (1973) {{ISBN|9780031082411}}
• Developing Support Groups: A Manual for Facilitators and Participants (1978) {{ISBN|9780883901458}}
• The life and work of Carl Rogers (2007) {{ISBN|9781898059936}}
• The Carl Rogers reader (1989) {{ISBN|0395483573}}
• Values clarification in counseling and psychotherapy: Practical strategies for individual and group settings (2013) {{ISBN|9780199989782}}
• Wad-Ja-Get? The grading game in American Education: 50th anniversary edition (2020)

• Kirschenbaum, H., & Jourdan, A. (2005). "The current status of Carl Rogers and the person-centered approach". Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42(1), 37.
• Kirschenbaum, H. (2000). "From values clarification to character education: A personal journey". The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 39(1), 4–20.
• Kirschenbaum, H. (1992). "A comprehensive model for values education and moral education". The Phi Delta Kappan, 73(10), 771–776.
• Kirschenbaum, H. (2004). "Carl Rogers's life and work: An assessment on the 100th anniversary of his birth". Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(1), 116–124.
• Kirschenbaum, H., & Reagan, C. (2001). "University and urban school partnerships: An analysis of 57 collaborations between a university and a city school district". Urban Education, 36(4), 479–504.

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Category:The New School alumni

Category:Temple University alumni

Category:1944 births

Category:Living people

Category:University of Rochester faculty