Howard Koch (screenwriter)

{{Infobox person

| name = Howard Koch

| image =

| imagesize =

| caption = Howard Koch

| birth_date = December 12, 1901

| birth_place = New York City, US

| death_date = {{d-da|August 17, 1995|December 12, 1901}}

| death_place = Woodstock, New York, US

}}

Howard E. Koch (December 12, 1901 – August 17, 1995)Ancestry.com. New York City Births, 1891-1902 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2000.Social Security Death Index.U.S. Census, January 1, 1920. State of New York, County of Ulster, enumeration district 174, p. 8A, family 218. was an American playwright and screenwriter who was blacklisted by the Hollywood film studio bosses in the 1950s.

Background

Born to a Jewish family[http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/141861/the-brothers-who-co-wrote-casablanca Tablet Magazine: "The Brothers Who Co-Wrote ‘Casablanca’ - Writers Julius and Philip Epstein are also forebears of baseball’s Theo Epstein" by Adam Chandler] August 22, 2013 in New York City, Koch grew up in Kingston, New York, and was a graduate of St. Stephen's College (1922, later renamed Bard College) and Columbia Law School (1925).{{Cite book |last=Danca |first=Vincent J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GMxOAAAAMAAJ&q=Howard+Koch+columbia+law+school |title=An Analysis of Casablanca with an Emphasis on Five Scenes |date=1974 |publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Communications |first=Museum of Broadcast |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YljbAAAAMAAJ&q=Howard+Koch+columbia+law+school |title=The Museum of Broadcast Communications Encyclopedia of Radio |date=2004 |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=978-1-57958-452-8 |language=en}}

Career

While practicing law in Hartsdale, New York, he began to write plays. Great Scott (1929), Give Us This Day (1933), and In Time to Come (1941) which were produced by Broadway.Internet Broadway Database.

Koch began playwriting in the late 1920s before he started working on radio scripts.{{cite web |date=1995-08-18 |title=Howard Koch; Oscar-Winning Co-Writer of 'Casablanca' |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-08-18-mn-36364-story.html |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}} In the 1930s, he worked as a writer for the CBS Mercury Theater of the Air. The work included the Orson Welles radio drama The War of the Worlds (1938), which allegedly caused nationwide panic among some listeners for its documentary-like portrayal of an invasion of spaceships from Mars.{{Cite book |last=Sterling |first=Christopher H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdQq-663faAC&dq=Howard+Koch+columbia+law+school&pg=PA292 |title=Biographical Encyclopedia of American Radio |date=2013-05-13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-99375-6 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Starr |first=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PKL4DQ4XLtUC&dq=Howard+Koch+columbia+law+school&pg=PA164 |title=Embattled Dreams: California in War and Peace, 1940-1950 |date=2003-09-11 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-516897-6 |language=en}} Koch later wrote a play about the panic, Invasion from Mars,{{Cite book |last=Riley |first=Kathleen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucs-FWpTjp8C&dq=invasion+from+mars+koch&pg=PA101 |title=Nigel Hawthorne on Stage |date=2005-04-27 |publisher=Univ of Hertfordshire Press |isbn=978-1-902806-31-0 |language=en}} which was later adapted into the 1975 TV movie, The Night That Panicked America, in which actor Joshua Bryant plays Koch.{{Cite book |last=Roberts |first=Jerry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kW8j6sHvrewC&dq=the+night+that+panicked+america+koch&pg=PA502 |title=Encyclopedia of Television Film Directors |date=2009-06-05 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6378-1 |language=en}}

In the 1940s, Koch began writing for Hollywood studios. His first accepted works were screenplays for Michael Curtiz's The Sea Hawk, William Wyler's The Letter. Koch contributed to the popular film Casablanca with Humphrey Bogart, which he co-scripted with writers Julius and Philip Epstein in 1942, and for which he received an Academy Award in 1943.{{Cite book |last=Isenberg |first=Noah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUl8DAAAQBAJ&dq=howard+koch+academy+award&pg=PT42 |title=We'll Always Have Casablanca: The Legend and Afterlife of Hollywood's Most Beloved Film |date=2017-02-14 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-24313-0 |language=en}} He also wrote Shining Victory (1941) and Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948), his favorite screenplay.

In 1943, at the request of Jack L. Warner of Warner Bros., Koch wrote the screenplay for Mission to Moscow (1943). The movie subsequently spawned controversy because of its positive portrayal of Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union.{{Cite book |last=Frankel |first=Glenn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0KADQAAQBAJ&dq=mission+to+moscow+howard+koch&pg=PT40 |title=High Noon: The Hollywood Blacklist and the Making of an American Classic |date=2017-02-21 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-62040-950-3 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Harlow |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2hxJrlSE0AC&dq=mission+to+moscow+howard+koch&pg=PA126 |title=Russians in Hollywood, Hollywood's Russians: Biography of an Image |date=2007 |publisher=UPNE |isbn=978-1-55553-686-2 |language=en}} After the war, Koch was dismissed after he was denounced as a Communist.{{Cite book |last=Dick |first=Bernard F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8MoeBgAAQBAJ&dq=mission+to+moscow+howard+koch&pg=PA251 |title=Hal Wallis: Producer to the Stars |date=2014-10-17 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-5951-5 |language=en}} He was then criticized by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) for his outspoken leftist political views. Koch was blacklisted by Hollywood in 1951.{{Cite book |last=Birdwell |first=Michael E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYAVCgAAQBAJ&dq=mission+to+moscow+howard+koch&pg=PA174 |title=Celluloid Soldiers: Warner Bros.'s Campaign Against Nazism |date=2000 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-9871-3 |language=en}}

After being blacklisted, Koch moved with his wife, Anne (an accomplished writer in her own right) and their family to Europe and eventually took up residence in the United Kingdom with other blacklisted writers, where they wrote for five years for film and television (British television series The Adventures of Robin Hood among them) under the pseudonyms "Peter Howard" and "Anne Rodney".{{cite web |url=http://www.bard.edu/archives/voices.htm |title=Howard Koch |publisher=Bard College Archives |access-date=2010-04-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528012455/http://www.bard.edu/archives/voices.htm |archive-date=2010-05-28 }} In 1956, they returned to the United States and settled in Woodstock, New York.Ancestry.com. U.S.: Selected Jewish Obituaries, 1948-2002 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2008. Koch sought help from high-profile lawyer Ed Williams in order to clear his name from Hollywood's blacklist. Koch was promptly removed from the blacklist,{{Cite book |last=Thomas |first=Evan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=clHAVMYiZQwC&dq=howard+koch+blacklisted&pg=PA73 |title=The Man to See |date=2012-12-04 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-4391-2796-4 |language=en}} and he resumed his name and continued to write plays and books and remained actively committed to progressive political and social justice causes. His last Hollywood screenplay was for The Fox in 1968.{{Cite web |title=AFI{{!}}Catalog |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/persondetails/71536 |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=catalog.afi.com}}

Death

Koch died at age 93 in 1995 in Kingston, New York.{{cite news |last1=Gussow |first1=Mel |title=Howard Koch, a Screenwriter For Casablanca, Dies at 93 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/18/obituaries/howard-koch-a-screenwriter-for-casablanca-dies-at-93.html |work=The New York Times |date=18 August 1995 |page=D17 }}

Works

;Plays

Invasion from Mars, (with Orson Welles) (pl) CBS, October 30, 1938.

;Books

Invasion from Mars, ed. Orson Welles, Dell 1949.
The Panic Broadcast, Little, Brown and Company 1970, Avon Books 1971.
Casablanca: Script and Legend, Overlook Press 1973.
As Time Goes By: Memoirs of a Writer, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1979.

;Short stories

"Invasion from Inner Space", in Star Science Fiction Stories #6, ed. Frederik Pohl, Ballantine 1959.

;Anthologies

Invaders of Earth, ed. Groff Conklin, Vanguard 1952, Pocket 1955, Tempo 1962.
The Treasury of Science Fiction Classics, ed. Harold W. Kuebler, Hanover House 1954.
The Armchair Science Reader, ed. Isabel S. Gordon & Sophie Sorkin, Simon & Schuster 1959.
Enemies in Space, ed. Groff Conklin, Digit 1962.
Contact, ed. Noel Keyes, Paperback Library 1963.
Speculations, ed. Thomas E. Sanders, Glencoe Press 1973.
Bug-Eyed Monsters, ed. Anthony Cheetham, Panther 1974.