Howard Nathaniel Lee

Howard Nathaniel Lee was born to Howard Lee and Lou Temple on July 28, 1934, on a sharecropper's farm outside Lithonia, Georgia.[http://www.unctv.org/content/biocon/howardlee/timeline "Biographical Conversations with Howard N. Lee"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708101137/http://www.unctv.org/content/biocon/howardlee/timeline |date=2017-07-08 }}, "UNC TV" Lee graduated from Bruce Street High School in 1953, and began his freshman year at Clark College, a historically black college of Atlanta that fall. Lee transferred to Fort Valley State College in 1956 and graduated in 1959, the first member of his family to receive a college diploma.

Lee was drafted into the U.S. Army during the summer of 1959{{Cite web |title=Howard Lee - Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise |url=https://kenaninstitute.unc.edu/people/howard-lee/ |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=kenaninstitute.unc.edu |language=en-US}} and completed basic training at Fort Benning, Georgia. Lee received medical corpsman training at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, before being stationed at Fort Hood. While at Fort Hood, Lee organized two sit-ins in the town of Killeen to protest segregated public facilities. The second sit-in was reported back to Fort Hood, and Lee was stationed in Korea the next week. Lee served as an ambulance driver and assistant company clerk at Camp Casey until his honorable discharge in 1961.

Lee moved to Savannah, Georgia, where he served as a juvenile probation officer, and married Lillian Wesley in 1962. They moved to North Carolina in 1964, where he did graduate study, earning a master's degree in social work from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In 1965, he joined the faculties of Duke University and North Carolina Central University.

After encountering racial tension in his predominantly white Chapel Hill neighborhood, Lee decided to enter local politics.Thomas, Harry, [http://docsouth.unc.edu/highlights/howard_lee.html "Howard Lee: A Historical Mayoral Election"], "Documenting the American South" In February 1969, Lee announced his mayoral candidacy. The ensuing election saw a record 4,734 votes cast. On May 6, 1969, Lee was elected mayor of Chapel Hill. He was the first African American to be elected as mayor in a majority-white city, and the first to be elected to such a position in the South since Reconstruction. He won by a narrow margin but was re-elected twice, earning increasing percentages of the vote: 64 percent in 1971 and 89 percent in 1973.{{cite web| title=This Month in North Carolina History May 1969 - Howard Lee| url=http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/ref/nchistory/may2004/| accessdate=14 April 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104171529/http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/ref/nchistory/may2004/| archive-date=4 November 2011| url-status=dead}}

In 1976, Lee sought the Democratic Party nomination for Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina. He narrowly finished first in the initial primary[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=208231 OurCampaigns.com: NC Lt. Governor - D Primary] but was defeated in the primary runoff by James C. Green.[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=208229 OurCampaigns.com: NC Lt. Governor - D Runoff] In 1977, Governor Jim Hunt appointed Lee as the Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, a post which he held until 1981.

Lee returned to electoral politics in 1990 when he was elected to the North Carolina Senate. He served from 1990 to 1994, and again from 1996 to 2002. While in the Senate, he concentrated particularly on issues affecting public education.

On May 1, 2003, the North Carolina State Board of Education elected Lee as its chairman, succeeding Phil Kirk. In 2009, Gov. Beverly Perdue appointed Lee as the new executive director of the N.C. Education Cabinet, composed of leaders of public schools, community colleges, and public and private universities. This meant Lee had to give up his seat on the Board of Education.[http://www.newsobserver.com/politics/story/1383185.html News & Observer: "Power shifts at public schools"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20090130015515/http://www.newsobserver.com/politics/story/1383185.html |date=2009-01-30 }}

Lee also served as a member of the North Carolina Utilities Commission, having been appointed by Governor Mike Easley on April 1, 2005.

In 2009, Howard and Lillian Lee were nominated as "Town Treasures" by the Chapel Hill Historical Society{{Cite web |url=http://www.chapelhillhistoricalsociety.org/en/2011/pdf/lillian_howard_lee.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-10-28 |archive-date=2019-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028232816/http://www.chapelhillhistoricalsociety.org/en/2011/pdf/lillian_howard_lee.pdf |url-status=dead }}

In his retirement, Lee founded the Howard N. Lee Institute, which "focuses on erasing the achievement gap and improving academic performance for minority males."{{cite web |url=http://projects.newsobserver.com/under_the_dome/former_senator_starts_eponymous_institute |title=Former senator starts eponymous institute | Under the Dome |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218133127/http://projects.newsobserver.com/under_the_dome/former_senator_starts_eponymous_institute |archivedate=2013-12-18 }}

• List of first African-American mayors
• List of mayors of Chapel Hill, North Carolina

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.howardleeinstitute.org/ Howard Lee Institute]
• [https://archive.today/20130626183946/http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/sohp/id/8383l Oral History Interview with Howard Nathaniel Lee] from [http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/ Oral Histories of the American South]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20131123132915/http://www2.lib.unc.edu/ncc/pcoll/inv/P0034/P0034.html Finding Aid: Billy E. Barnes Photographic Collection, 1959-1996], in the North Carolina Collection Photographic Archives, UNC-Chapel Hill

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{{s-ttl|title=Mayor of Chapel Hill|years=1969–1975}}

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{{s-bef|before=George Little}}

{{s-ttl|title=Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources|years=1977–1981}}

{{s-aft|after=Joseph W. Grimsley}}

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{{s-bef|before=Wanda Holder Hunt}}

{{s-ttl|title=Member of the North Carolina Senate
from the 16th district|years=1991–1995|alongside=Russell Grady Walker}}

{{s-aft|after=Fred M. Hobbs
Teena Smith Little}}

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{{s-bef|before=Fred M. Hobbs
Teena Smith Little}}

{{s-ttl|title=Member of the North Carolina Senate
from the 16th district|years=1997–2003|alongside=Eleanor Kinnaird}}

{{s-aft|after=Eric Miller Reeves}}

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{{s-bef|before=Phil Kirk}}

{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the North Carolina State Board of Education|years=2003–2009}}

{{s-aft|after=William C. Harrison}}

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Category:1934 births

Category:Living people

Category:African-American mayors in North Carolina

Category:African-American state legislators in North Carolina

Category:African-American state cabinet secretaries

Category:Fort Valley State University alumni

Category:Duke University faculty

Category:Mayors of Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Category:State cabinet secretaries of North Carolina

Category:UNC School of Social Work alumni

Category:Democratic Party North Carolina state senators

Category:21st-century African-American politicians

Category:20th-century African-American politicians

Category:20th-century mayors of places in North Carolina

Category:21st-century members of the North Carolina General Assembly

Category:20th-century members of the North Carolina General Assembly