Howard Shane#Facilitated Communication

Shane graduated from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in 1969 with a B.A. in sociology.{{cite web|title=Howard Shane, PhD, CCC-SLP|url=http://www.mghihp.edu/about-us/person.aspx?PersonUri=ShaneHoward.xml|website=mghihp.org|publisher=MGH Institute of Health Professions|access-date=31 January 2016|location=Boston, MA}} He went on to earn an M.A. in speech pathology and audiology in 1972 (also from the University of Massachusetts) and a PhD in speech pathology in 1975 from Syracuse University. He completed a doctoral fellowship in 1975 at the Mayo Clinic.{{cite web|title=Howard Shane Curriculum Vitae|url=http://www.mghihp.edu/files/cv/howard-shane-cv-07-21-2015.pdf|website=mghihp.edu|publisher=MGH Institute of Health Professions|access-date=31 January 2016|location=Boston, MA}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

File:Photo of Howard Shane.png

Shane began his career as an assistant professor of communication sciences at the University of Vermont in Burlington, Vermont (1975–1977). He served as associate professor at Emerson College, Department of Communication Studies, (1977–1995), and visiting associate professor for the University of Massachusetts (1985–1990). Shane was an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School's Department of Otology and Laryngology (1986–1995) before becoming an associate professor (1996–present). Shane is also a professor of communication science and disorders at MGH Institute of Health Professions (1997–present). In 1977, Shane was appointed associate scientist of otolaryngology at Boston Children's Hospital.

Also in 1977, Shane was appointed the director of speech pathology and audiology at the Developmental Evaluation Clinic at Children's Hospital Boston. and held that position until 1991. In 1985, he was appointed director of the Communication Enhancement Center (CED), the augmentative communication program, at Boston Children's Hospital. In 2005, he assumed leadership of the Center for Communication Enhancement (which encompassed the old CEC and five other programs), a role he continues to hold {{as of|2016|2|lc=y}}.

For his lifetime achievements at Boston Children's Hospital, Shane was awarded the Center for Communication Enhancement's inaugural Directorship Chair in 2015. The endowed Chair, which will be named for him in future, is funded by the Boston Children's Hospital Otolaryngologic Foundation.{{cite journal|title=Boston Children's Hospital Names Two Endowed Chairs|journal=Harvard Otolaryngology|date=Spring 2016|volume=13|issue=1|page=5|url=http://www.masseyeandear.org/~/media/pdfs/harvardotolarynmagazinesinglepgs.pdf?la=en|access-date=1 June 2016|archive-date=12 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012021244/http://www.masseyeandear.org/~/media/pdfs/harvardotolarynmagazinesinglepgs.pdf?la=en|url-status=dead}}

{{Quotation|"Whether it be wheelchair mounted computers, finger-touch computer screens, voice banking prior to a procedure that takes away a child's ability to speak, or computer software applications, Dr. Shane has enabled thousands of children to communicate with the world around them."|Michael J. Cunningham, Otolaryngologist-in-Chief and the Gerald B. Healy Chair in Pediatric Otolaryngology at Boston Children's Hospital}}

Shane has spent much of his career researching and developing assistive technologies that support children and adults, including Stephen Hawking,{{cite news|last1=Lasalandra|first1=Michael|title=Hawking pays visit to special children|work=Boston Herald|date=October 8, 1999|location=Boston, Massachusetts|page=003}}{{cite news|last1=Graham|first1=Jordan|title=Physicist Hawking a 'human dynamo'|url=http://www.bostonherald.com/news/international/2018/03/physicist_hawking_a_human_dynamo?amp|access-date=26 May 2018|work=Boston Herald|date=March 15, 2018|location=Boston, Massachusetts}} whose ability to communicate in spoken or written language forms is "limited by autism, cerebral palsy, language disorders, spinal cord injuries, or neuromuscular diseases." The systems have become so refined that a person does not need dexterity to activate a computer on their own and select letters, words or pre-programmed phrases from a screen. Small muscle movements suffice. Finger twitches, head nods and eye blinks, as well as the spoken voice for those with that ability, are all that is required for individuals to communicate independently.{{cite news|last1=Lasalandra|first1=Michael|title=Hawking pays visit to special children|work=The Boston Herald|date=October 8, 1999|location=Boston, MA|page=003}}

{{Quotation|If we can find some movement a person can control to use the computer, then we're on our way.|Howard Shane{{cite news|last1=Saltus|first1=Richard|title=Voice of a man who cannot speak from wheelchair, Hawking gives disabled reason to hope|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8569261.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410071246/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8569261.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 10, 2016|access-date=9 December 2015|work=Boston Globe|issue=Third Edition|date=October 8, 1999|location=Boston, MA|page=A.1}}}}

In 1983, Shane directed a program through his Institute on Technology to create technology solutions for students at Boston College. Other team members included Allen Field from Boston Children's Hospital {{citation needed|date=January 2016}}, Katharyn Dawson, a speech and language pathologist, and Don Ricciato, principal of the school. The team was dedicated to designing and implementing teaching tools to assist people who were unable to speak in their efforts to communicate. The school worked with students whose ages ranged from 10 to 25 and who exhibited a wide range of neurological, physical and intellectual challenges.

This collaboration led to the creation of Touch 'N Speak, a software program that allowed students to use movement (i.e., of an elbow or head), to activate touch-sensitivity keyboards to access pre-programmed messages and activate a vocal mechanism. This also marked the first time that a computer (an Apple IIe) was successfully mounted on a wheelchair.{{cite web|title=Autism Language Program Research and Development Timeline|url=http://www.childrenshospital.org/centers-and-services/programs/a-_-e/autism-language-program/use-of-technology/research-and-development-timeline|website=Boston Children's Hospital|location=Boston, MA|access-date=31 January 2016|archive-date=15 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215211555/http://www.childrenshospital.org/centers-and-services/programs/a-_-e/autism-language-program/use-of-technology/research-and-development-timeline|url-status=dead}} Ground-breaking at the time, this was one of the first innovations in the field of "augmentative communication", recognized as a valid form of communication by the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association in 1981.

In 1989, Shane consulted with the programmers of Microsystems Software Inc., a company owned by Richard and Deborah Gorgens to develop software packages to assist people with disabilities in their efforts to participate in the workplace. The result was HandiWare, a collection of computer programs that ran on IBM-compatible PCs and sought to assist people with "physical impairments, visual impairments and those individuals requiring computer-aided speech." HandiChat, targeted for people with speech impairments, allowed individuals to type on a keyboard and have their words spoken through a DECtalk speech synthesizer. HandiWord, a "word prediction program", was responsive to individuals' most frequently used words and finished spelling out words based on the first few letters. At the time these programs were being introduced, the Americans with Disabilities Act was newly enacted. Communication technologies like HandiWare enabled individuals who had not worked in 10–15 years because of their communication difficulties return to and become productive members of the work place.{{cite news|last1=Gorgens|first1=Debra C.|title=Microsystems Software announces new HandiWARE products|work=Business Wire|date=September 15, 1989|page=1}}{{cite news|title=Technology opens up the world for America's 43 million disabled|work=Austin American Statesman|date=December 1990|location=Austin, Texas|page=H1}}

In 1995, a computer-generated play world called Starbright World was made available to the children's hospital, as well as other hospitals in New York, Pittsburgh and California, that allowed patients to connect through cyberspace. Starbright World, an interactive network financed by Steven Spielberg, was intended to help patients with serious and chronic illnesses escape in the world of play and, if desired, connect with others facing the same kind of diagnosis and treatment. Initially, access to Starbright World relied on a child's ability to use a mouse or type on a keyboard. Shane and his team worked to find alternate navigation techniques for children whose motor skills were impaired or for those who did not yet have the required computer skills.{{cite news|last1=Saltus|first1=Richard|title=A new world for ailing children. Computeres allow young patients to meet, play on line|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8351358.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410071213/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8351358.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 10, 2016|access-date=11 December 2015|work=Boston Globe|issue=City Edition|date=November 9, 1995|location=Boston, MA|page=36}}

In 2002, the Monarch School for Autism, in Shaker Heights, Ohio, began a collaboration with Boston Children's Hospital, and MGH Institute of Health Professionals to support children with autism in their use of communication and development of life skills. The Monarch School for Autism, an intensive one-one-one, language-enrichment program, was the first of its kind in Ohio, serving only children with autism whose needs are often under-served in the public school system. At the time, Shane had more than 30 years experience assisting people with autism and, as a result, had developed computer software specifically designed to "boost verbal communication skills" using visual information. The focus of the collaboration, headed by Shane, was to develop a curriculum using the software and other complimentary technologies reliant on visual cuing that could serve as a model for educational programs throughout the U.S.

{{Quotation|We're giving them [students with autism] the ability to express themselves through a medium that is an effective one for them and to reduce the frustration associated with their difficulties in communicating.|Howard Shane{{cite news|last1=Zeltner|first1=Brie|title=School for the autistic is part of new study|work=The Plain Dealer|issue=Final Edition|date=October 8, 2002|location=Cleveland, OH|page=B.1}}}}

Shane led a team to develop the Visual Immersion System (VIS), a visual curriculum to support the communication needs of people with disabilities.{{cite news|title=SpecialNeedsWare and Harvard's Boston Children's Hospital to launch language methodology for autism|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/specialneedsware-and-harvards-boston-childrens-hospital-to-launch-language-methodology-for-autism-243541881.html|access-date=7 December 2015|work=PR Newswire|date=February 4, 2014}} The curriculum makes use of communication technology, including the iPad, which allows people with autism to engage in visual activities that aid in the development of language skills.{{cite news|last1=Davis|first1=Marion|title=For some doctors, the iPad is claiming a key spot next to the stethoscope|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/games/articles/2011/04/04/for_some_doctors_the_ipad_is_claiming_a_key_spot_next_to_the_stethoscope/?page=2|access-date=16 January 2016|work=Boston Globe|date=April 4, 2011|location=Boston, MA|page=B.5}} The effectiveness of the program is currently under study, with clinical evidence "still emerging", but, as Shane states, "the excitement and interest in these technologies exist because they are working."{{cite news|last1=o'Brien|first1=Chris|title=Autism applications for iPads proliferate: families turn to Apple for social lessons, finding friendly businesses and more|work=Daily Press|date=April 30, 2013|location=Newport News, VA|page=A.8}}

With Christina Yu (Boston Children's Hospital) and Human–computer interaction scientist Mauricio Fontana de Vargas, Shane created the first artificial intelligence augmentative and alternative communication application for autistic users. QuickPic greatly accelerates the generation of vocabulary sets relevant to a given image, a useful tool used by speech language pathologists to teach grammar.{{Cite news |last=Lutz |first=Amy S.F. |date=23 February 2024 |title=Autism App Targets the "Holy Grail" of Communication |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/inspectrum/202402/autism-app-targets-the-holy-grail-of-communication?fbclid=IwAR3yEHI91sSq9slLlPfHXUdH5lshQTCZGBmWM5s5REAM-EMgHZppd3uEbz0 |access-date=25 March 2024 |work=Psychology Today}}

Facilitated Communication (FC), popularized in the early 1990s in the United States by Douglas Biklen, is an alleged communication technique in which the facilitator (usually a parent, educator, or caregiver) holds the hand, shoulder or arm of a person with disabilities in order to type on a paper letter board or mechanical keyboard.{{cite journal|last1=Shane|first1=Howard C.|last2=Kearns|first2=Kevin|title=An Examination of the Role of the Facilitator in "Facilitated Communication"|journal= American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology|date=September 1994|volume=3|issue=3|pages=48–54|doi=10.1044/1058-0360.0303.48}}

In an interview with Susan Gerbic, Shane says that he first learned of FC in Sweden, when he attended an International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (ISAAC) conference where Rosemary Crossley gave a speech.{{cite web |last1=Gerbic |first1=Susan |author1-link=Susan Gerbic |title=In Conversation with Janyce Boynton and Dr. Howard Shane |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFgGeHKIinA |publisher=YouTube |access-date=22 November 2022}} He questioned claims from promoters that individuals with severe disabilities, some as young as 5 or 6 years old, without formal training in reading or written language could produce messages that included "perfectly spelled sentences" and whether or not the communications were originating from the children or the adult facilitators.{{cite news|last1=Kogan|first1=Rick|title=The FC Movement Treatment for Autism Looks Dim on 'Frontline'|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/10/19/the-fc-movement/|access-date=16 January 2016|work=Chicago Tribune|date=October 19, 1993|location=Chicago, Illinois}}{{cite news|last1=Riechmann|first1=Deb|title=Rape case tests 'facilitated' messages charges hinge on letters typed by autistic girl, assisted by therapist|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22594003.html|access-date=16 January 2016|work=Buffalo News|issue=City Edition|date=January 12, 1994|location=Buffalo, NY|page=A2}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} On the 1993 Frontline show, Prisoners of Silence, produced by Jon Palfreman, Shane questioned the sophistication of the sentences being typed using FC. Students, with the help of facilitators, were typing out grammatically correct and accurately spelled sentences that, according to Shane, held "insights that go far beyond their years." Proponents maintained that these children learned language and written language skills by being "immersed in language-rich environments."

Already versed in communications technology that allowed people with autism and a wide range of physical disabilities to communicate independently and without someone else's touch,{{cite news|last1=Palfreman|first1=Jon|title=Prisoners of Silence|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/programs/transcripts/1202.html|access-date=16 January 2016|work=Frontline|agency=WGBH Educational Foundation|date=October 19, 1993|archive-date=15 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115100248/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/programs/transcripts/1202.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}{{cite news|last1=Healy|first1=Michelle|title=New film gives voice to a nearly silent minority: 'Wretches & Jabberers' profise the autistic who don't speak|work=USA Today|date=April 7, 2011|location=McClean, Virginia|page=D.3}} Shane criticized FC as "bogus nonsense"{{cite news|last1=Brasier|first1=L.L.|last2=Wisely|first2=John|title=Abuse case hinges on a keyboard. West Bloomfield: Autistic girl typed dad raped her, aide says|work=McClatchy-Tribune Business News|date=December 18, 2007|location=Washington, D.C.}} and "a complete waste of time."{{cite news|last1=Brasier|first1=L.L.|last2=Wisely|first2=John|title=Autistic girl unable to answer court questions|work=McClatchy-Tribune Business News|date=January 29, 2008|location=Washington, D.C.}}

{{Quotation|"It (Facilitated Communication) is not an accepted clinical practice and many associations have written it off because of its unreliability."|Howard Shane}}

Shane became involved with FC further when he was called as an expert witness in a court case. The parents were accused of sexual abuse through facilitator Janyce Boynton who using FC with their autistic child. Shane established simple double-blind protocols to test the validity of the message and determine authorship of the messages. The results indicated that not only was the child incapable of typing out the messages, the content produced was based on facilitator's knowledge of the materials presented. In Facilitated Communication: The Clinical and Social Phenomenon, Shane outlines a "wide range of tasks and procedures", that practitioners can use to establish the source of the facilitated messages. Since that first court case, Shane has continued to serve as an expert witness with the results, to date, always the same.{{cite news|title=Allegations by FC of Sexual Abuse Have Been Challenged|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1995/01/17/allegations-by-fc-of-sexual-abuse-have-been-challenged/33174e89-30be-477e-af0a-3038995523df/|access-date=16 January 2016|newspaper=The Washington Post|issue=Final Edition|date=January 17, 1995|location=Washington, D.C.|page=z.12}}{{cite journal|last1=Zirkel|first1=Perry A.|title=Facilitated Communication of Child Abuse?|journal=The Phi Delta Kappan|date=June 1995|volume=76|issue=10|pages=815–817|jstor=20405466}} Rather than support people with autism in their efforts to communication, FC, according to Shane is "hurtful and harmful" and deprives "children of their right to independently communicate."{{cite book|last1=Offit|first1=Paul A.|authorlink=Paul Offit|title=Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure|date=September 2008|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14636-4|jstor=107312/offi14636.6|url=https://archive.org/details/autismsfalseprop00offi}} Facilitator Boynton, realizing she had been the one doing the communication pressured her school administration to err on the side of caution and end the practice of FC. Over the years Shane kept in touch with Boynton and continued to encourage her to speak out about FC.{{cite web |last1=Vyse |first1=Stuart |authorlink=Stuart Vyse |title=An Artist with a Science-Based Mission |url=https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/an_artist_with_a_science-based_mission |website=CSI |date=16 November 2018 |publisher=Center for Inquiry |access-date=22 March 2019}}

Shane believes that FC messages originate from facilitators who "subconsciously guide the hands and fingers of people they are assigned to help."{{cite news|last1=Martindale|first1=Mike|title=Sex case hearing to go on: Autistic girl who accused her father of assault fails to answer questions through computer in court Monday|work=Detroit News|date=January 29, 2008|page=B.2|place=Detroit, Michigan}} via the ideomotor phenomenon. With regard to the ideomotor phenomenon and FC, the facilitators become so absorbed in the typing process, they are unaware of their own movements while holding onto their disabled communication partner. Shane stated on Prisoners of Silence:

You can't be a one-finger typist and not look at the keyboard. You just can't get oriented. You don't have a home position. And when you watch children who are F/C – facilitated communication – users, they may not be looking at the language board, but the facilitators are not taking their eyes off it. They're fixed on it.

Critics of Shane's stance on FC claim that testing is unfair to the person with disabilities who, they claim, might exhibit test anxiety or "freeze in their ability to respond."

Donald P. Oswald, who reviewed The Facilitated Communication: Clinical and Social Phemenon, praised the book for its "valuable perspectives on the FC story", citing chapters written by Jon Palfreman, Gina Green, Wolf Wolfensberger, Barry Prizant, and Shane that provide a "preliminary retrospective of the FC fad in the United States", but criticized the book for its sometimes "dispassionate discourse." He wrote:

The authors in this work occasionally reveal the personal distress they have experienced and as a result, at times the tone of their writing is defensive or aggressive. Nonetheless, this book offers valuable perspectives on the FC story and, depending on the reader's personal position, will stimulate, enlighten and, at times, enrage.{{cite journal|last1=Oswald|first1=Donald P.|title=Book Review: Facilitated Communication: The Clinical and Social Phenomenon|journal=Journal of Behavioral Education|date=September 1996|volume=6|issue=3|pages=355–357|jstor=41824137|doi=10.1007/BF02110136|s2cid=195215616}}

Supporters of FC state that often people start out using a facilitator and eventually learn to type without physical support. Shane responded by saying '"If someone’s going to be a typist, they don’t need somebody to facilitate them."'{{cite web|last1=Burke|first1=Michael|title=Why experts say evidence cited by facilitated communication advocates is flawed|url=http://dailyorange.com/2016/04/why-experts-say-evidence-cited-by-facilitated-communication-advocates-is-flawed/|website=The Daily Orange|publisher=Syracuse University|access-date=13 April 2016|date=2016-04-11}}

• SpecialNeedsWare Advisory Board (Chair, 2012)
• Director, Model Autism Program (MAP), Boston Public Schools (2006)
• Director, Clinical and Research Liaison, Monarch School for Autism (2002)

• Panelist with Matthew Goodwin, director of clinical research at MIT Media Lab and co-director of the Autism Technology Initiative at MIT, at the Third Annual Summit on Autism, hosted by Kids Institute for Development and Advancement (KiDA), University of California. Topic: technological advancements and their impact on autism. (September 17, 2011){{cite news|last1=Anonymous|title=Former First Lady Rosalynn Carter to Keynote KIDA's third Annual Summit on Autism|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110712005728/en/Lady-Rosalynn-Carter-Keynote-KiDA%E2%80%99s-Annual-Summit|access-date=7 December 2015|work=Business Wire|date=July 12, 2011|location=New York}}{{cite news|last1=Peters|first1=Sarah|title=Autism summit offers latest answers|work=McClatchy-Tribune Business News|date=July 17, 2011|location=Washington}}
• Behavior Analysis Association of Michigan (BAAM) Conference, Eastern Michigan University, keynote speaker: "Using Technology to Educate Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Do Professionals Get a Passing Grade?" (2009){{cite web|title=Past BAAM Conference Keynote and Special Speakers|publisher=Eastern Michigan University|location=Ypsilanti, MI|url=http://baam.emich.edu}}
• The Herbert J. and E. Jane Oyer Annual Lecture on Communication Disorders and Human Development, Michigan State University. Topic: applying the visual strengths of person on the autism spectrum to communication intervention. (2008){{cite web|title=The Herbert J. and E. Jane Oyer Annual Lecture|url=http://cas.msu.edu/places/departments/communicative-sciences-disorders/oyer-lecture/|website=College of Communication Arts and Sciences|publisher=Michigan State University|access-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911234543/http://cas.msu.edu/places/departments/communicative-sciences-disorders/oyer-lecture/|archive-date=11 September 2015|url-status=dead}}

• Frank R. Kleffner Lifetime Clinical Career Award (2019), conferred on November 22, 2019 at the annual America Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation Founders Breakfast in Orlando, Florida{{cite web |title=2019 ASHFoundation Awards and Honorees |url=https://www.ashfoundation.org/news/2019-ashfoundation-awards-and-honorees/ |website=American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation |access-date=26 November 2019 |date=November 25, 2019}}
• Award for Significant Contributions to the fields of public health and science (2017), presented by the School of Public Health and Sciences at UMassAmherst{{cite web|title=School of Public Health and Health Sciences to honor alumni award recipients Howard Shane and Efosa Guobadia|url=http://www.umass.edu/sphhs/news-events/school-public-health-and-health-sciences-honor-alumni-award-recipients-howard-shane-and|website=UMassAmherst School of Public Health and Sciences|publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst|access-date=10 February 2018|location=Amherst, Massachusetts|date=August 28, 2017}}
• Honors of ASHA Award (2007), presented by the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association{{cite news|title=MGH Institute Provost Alex F. Johnson receives highest honor from American Speech–Language–Hearing Association|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131118006637/en/MGH-Institute-Provost-Alex-F.-Johnson-Receives|access-date=7 December 2015|work=Business Wire|date=November 18, 2013|location=New York}}
• Teacher of the year, MGH Institute of Health Professions (2002)
• Goldenson Award for Innovations in Technology, presented by the United Cerebral Palsy Association (2000){{cite web|last1=Shane|first1=Howard C.|title=Research and Innovation|url=http://www.childrenshospital.org/researchers/howard-shane|website=Boston Children's Hospital|access-date=8 December 2015|location=Boston, MA}}
• American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (fellow since 1989){{cite web|title=Fellow Recipients of the Association|url=http://www.asha.org/About/awards/Fellowship-Recipients-of-the-Association/|website=ASHA.org|publisher=American Speech–Language–Hearing Association|access-date=27 January 2016}}
• Kleffner Clinical Achievement Award for Technology, Massachusetts Speech-Language-Hearing Association (1995)
• Pioneer Award for technology in clinical practice, Massachusetts Federation of the Council for Exceptional Children (1993)
• Finalist for technology innovation, Smithsonian Institution Computerworld (1989)

• Unsilenced: A Teacher's Year of Battles, Breakthroughs, and Life-Changing Lessons at Belchertown State School (2021){{cite web |last1=Shane |first1=Howard |title=Unsilenced: A Teacher's Year of Battles, Breakthroughs, and Life-Changing Lessons at Belchertown State School |url=https://products.brookespublishing.com/Unsilenced-P1285.aspx |website=brookespublishing.com |publisher=Brookes Publishing |access-date=30 November 2021 |location=Baltimore, Maryland}}
• Enhancing Communication For Individuals With Autism, with Jennifer S. Abramson, Kara Corley, Holly Fadie, Suzanne Flynn, Emily Laubscher, Ralf Schlosser, and James Sorce. Foreword by Connie Kasari. (2015){{cite book|last1=Shane|first1=Howard C.|last2=Abramson|first2=Jennifer S.|last3=Corley|first3=Kara|last4=Fadie|first4=Holly|last5=Flynn|first5=Suzanne|last6=Laubscher|first6=Emily|last7=Schlosser|first7=Ralph|last8=Sorce|first8=James|title=Enhancing Communication for Individuals with Autism|date=2015|publisher=Brookes Publishing Co.|location=Baltimore, MD|isbn=978-1-59857-221-6|url=http://products.brookespublishing.com/Enhancing-Communication-for-Individuals-with-Autism-P792.aspx|access-date=23 January 2016}}
• Visual Language in Autism, with Sharon Weiss-Kapp (2007){{cite book|last1=Shane|first1=Howard C.|last2=Weiss-Kapp|first2=Sharon|title=Visual Language in Autism|date=November 1, 2007|publisher=Plural Publishing, Inc.|location=San Diego, CA|isbn=978-1-59756-063-4|url=http://www.pluralpublishing.com/publication_vlia.htm|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313201720/http://pluralpublishing.com/publication_vlia.htm|url-status=dead}}
• The Children's Hospital Guide to Your Child's Health and Development, with Margaret A. Kenna and Alan D. Woolf (2001){{cite book|last1=Kenna|first1=Margaret A.|last2=Shane|first2=Howard C.|last3=Woolf|first3=Alan D.|title=The Children's Hospital Guide to Your Child's Health and Development|date=January 15, 2001|publisher=Da Capo Press|isbn=978-0-738-20241-9|url=https://archive.org/details/childrenshospita00braz}}
• Facilitated Communication: The Clinical and Social Phenomenon (Editor) (1994){{cite book |editor-last1=Shane |editor-first1=Howard |title=Facilitated Communication: The Clinical and Social Phenomenon |date=1994 |publisher=Singular Publishing Group |isbn=9781565933415 |url=https://archive.org/details/facilitatedcommu0000unse/mode/2up}}

• The Persistence of Fad Interventions in the Face of Negative Scientific Evidence: Facilitated Communication for Autism as a Case Example, with Scott O. Lillienfeld, Julia Marshall, and James T. Todd (2015){{cite journal|last1=Lilienfeld|first1=Scott O.|authorlink=Scott Lilienfeld|last2=Marshall|first2=Julia|last3=Todd|first3=James T.|last4=Shane|first4=Howard C.|title=The Persistence of Fad Interventions in the Face of Negative Scientific Evidence: Facilitated Communication for Autism as a Case Example|journal=Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention|date=February 2, 2015|volume=8|issue=2|pages=62–101|doi=10.1080/17489539.2014.976332|s2cid=145366255}}
• Applying Technology to Visually Support Language and Communication in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders, with Emily Laubscher, Ralf Schlosser, Suzanne Flynn, James Sorce, and Jennifer Abramson (2012){{cite journal|last1=Shane|first1=Howard|last2=Laubscher|first2=Emily|last3=Schlosser|first3=Ralf|last4=Flynn|first4=Suzanne|last5=Sorce|first5=James|last6=Abramson|first6=Jennifer|title=Applying Technology to Visually Support Language and Communication in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders|journal=Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders|date=June 2012|volume=42|issue=6|pages=1228–1235|doi=10.1007/s10803-011-1304-z|pmid=21691867|s2cid=33918002}}
• Using AAC Technology to Access the World, with Sarah Blackstone, Gregg Venderheiden, Michael Williams, and Frank DeRuyter (2012){{cite journal|last1=Shane|first1=Howard C.|last2=Blackstone|first2=Sarah|last3=Vanderheiden|first3=Gregg|last4=Williams|first4=Michael|last5=DeRuyter|first5=Frank|title=Using AAC Technology to Access the World|journal=Assistive Technology|date=March 8, 2012|volume=24|issue=1|pages=3–13|doi=10.1080/10400435.2011.648716|pmid=22590795|s2cid=21918427}}
• ''Animation of Graphic Symbols Representing Verbs and Prepositions: Effects on Transparency, Name Agreement, and Identification", with Ralf Schlosser, James Sorce, Rajinder Koul, Emma Frances Bloomfield, and Lisa Debrowski (2011){{cite journal|last1=Schlosser|first1=Ralf|last2=Shane|first2=Howard C.|last3=Sorce|first3=James|last4=Koul|first4=Rajinder|last5=Bloomfield|first5=Emma Frances|last6=Debrowski|first6=Lisa|title=Animation of Graphic Symbols Representing Verbs and Prepositions: Effects on Transparency, Name Agreement and Identification|journal=Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research|date=December 2011|volume=55|issue=2|pages=342–358|doi=10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0164)|pmid=22207700|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51971314|access-date=23 January 2016}}
• There Isn't Always an App for That!, with Jessica Gosnell and John Costello (2011){{cite journal|last1=Gosnell|first1=Jessica|last2=Costello|first2=John|last3=Shane|first3=Howard|title=There Isn't Always an App for That!|journal=Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication|date=April 2011|volume=20|pages=7–8|doi=10.1044/aac20.1.7}}
• Use of a Visual Graphic Language System to Support Communications for Persons on the Autism Spectrum, with M. O'Brien, and James Source (2009){{cite journal|last1=Shane|first1=H.C.|last2=O'Brien|first2=M.|last3=Sorce|first3=J.|title=Use of a visual graphic language system to support communication for persons on the autism spectrum|journal=Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication|date=December 2009|volume=18|issue=4|pages=130–136|doi=10.1044/aac18.4.130|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248845024|access-date=31 January 2016}}
• Electronic Screen Media for Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Results of a Survey, with Patti Ducoff Albert (2008){{cite journal|last1=Shane|first1=Howard C.|last2=Albert|first2=Patti Ducoff|title=Electronic Screen Media for Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Results of a Survey|journal=Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders|date=September 2008|volume=38|issue=8|pages=1499–1508|doi=10.1007/s10803-007-0527-5|pmid=18293074|s2cid=26713115}}
• Facilitated Communication as an Ideomotor Effect, with Cheryl A. Burgess, Irving Kirsch, Kristen L. Niederauer, Steven M. Graham, Alyson Bacon (1998){{cite journal|last1=Burgess|first1=Cheryl A.|last2=Kirsch|first2=Irving|last3=Shane|first3=Howard|last4=Graham|first4=Steven M.|last5=Bacon|first5=Alyson|title=Facilitated Communication as an Ideomotor Response|journal=Psychological Science|date=January 1998|volume=9|issue=1|pages=71–74|jstor=40063250|doi=10.1111/1467-9280.00013|s2cid=145631775}}
• An Examination of the Role of the Facilitator in "Facilitated Communication", with Kevin Kearns (1994)
• Selection of Augmentative Communication Systems: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (1985){{cite book|last1=Shane|first1=Howard C.|editor1-last=Cherow|editor1-first=Evelyn|editor2-last=Matkin|editor2-first=Noel D.|editor3-last=Trybus|editor3-first=Raymond J.|title=Hearing-Impaired Children and Youth with Developmental Disabilities: An Interdisciplinary Foundation for Service|date=1985|publisher=Gallaudet College Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-913-58097-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/hearingimpairedc00cher/page/270 270–292]|chapter=Selection of Augmentative Communication Systems: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/hearingimpairedc00cher/page/270}}
• Decision Making in Early Augmentative Communication System Use (1981){{cite book|last1=Shane|first1=Howard C.|editor1-link=Richard L. Schiefelbusch|editor1-last=Schiefelbusch|editor1-first=Richard L.|editor2-last=Bricker|editor2-first=Diane D.|editor3-last=Hoyt|editor3-first=Robert|title=Early Language: Acquisition and Intervention|date=1981|publisher=University Park Press|location=Baltimore, MD|pages=389–425|chapter=Decision Making in Early Augmentative Communication System Use}}
• Election Criteria for the Adoption of an Augmentative Communication System: Preliminary Considerations, with Anthony S. Bashir (1980){{cite journal|last1=Shane|first1=Howard C.|last2=Bashir|first2=Anthony S.|title=Election Criteria for the Adoption of an Augmentative Communication System: Preliminary Considerations|journal=Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders|date=August 1980|volume=45|issue=3|pages=408–414|doi=10.1044/jshd.4503.408|pmid=6447823}}

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Category:American medical writers

Category:Autism researchers

Category:Harvard Medical School faculty

Category:Living people

Category:People from Leominster, Massachusetts

Category:Speech and language pathologists

Category:Syracuse University alumni

Category:University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Social and Behavioral Sciences alumni

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)