Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary

{{Infobox Protected area

| name = Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary

| iucn_category = IV

| photo =

| photo_caption =

| map = Myanmar

| map_alt =

| map_caption = Location in Myanmar

| map_width =

| location = Hkamti District, Sagaing Region, Myanmar

| nearest_city =

| coordinates = {{coord|25.364|N|95.56|E|region:MM-01|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

| coords_ref = {{Cite web |title=Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary |author=World Database on Protected Areas |year=2019 |website=Protected Planet |url=http://protectedplanet.net/sites/Htamanthi_Wildlife_Sanctuary |access-date=2011-09-25 |archive-date=2012-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606162052/http://protectedplanet.net/sites/Htamanthi_Wildlife_Sanctuary |url-status=dead }}

| area = {{convert|2150.73|km2|abbr=on}}

| established = 1974

| visitation_num =

| visitation_year =

| governing_body =Forest Department

| url =

}}

Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary is a {{convert|2150.73|km2|abbr=on}} large protected area in northern Myanmar. It was established in 1974 in the Sagaing Region.{{cite book |author=Johnson, S. |author2=Bowman, V. |author3=Makusheva, I. |author4=Wachenfeld, M. |name-list-style=amp |title=Biodiversity in Myanmar, including Protected Areas and Key Biodiversity Areas. Supplement to Briefing Paper on Biodiversity, Human Rights and Business |year=2018 |publisher=Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business |location=Yangon, Myanmar |chapter=Annex: List of existing protected areas in Myanmar |pages=22–25 |url=https://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/pdf/resources/Supplement-Biodiversity-in-Myanmar-including-Protected-Areas-and-Key-Biodiversity-Areas.pdf}}

It is located between the Chindwin River in Hkamti District and the Uyu River, with {{convert|230.40|mi2|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}} of the area in Homalin Township, and {{convert|600|mi2|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}} in Hkamti Township.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

Biodiversity

Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary provides habitat for over 30 mammals including Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), gaur (Bos gaurus), mainland serow (Capricornis milneedwardsii), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri). Formerly it was also home of the Northern Sumatran rhinoceros (Didermocherus sumatrensis lasiotis) and the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), which have become extinct in the area in the 1980s, though some reports suggest that the former still persists in the park.{{cite magazine |author=Rabinowitz, A. |year=2002 |url=http://www.conservationmagazine.org/2008/07/ground-truthing-conservation/ |title=Ground Truthing Conservation: Why Biological Exploration Isn't History |magazine=Conservation Magazine |volume= 3 |issue=4 |pages=20–25}}

Tiger (Panthera tigris), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Asiatic golden cat (Catopuma temminckii), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha), hog badger (Arctonyx collaris), Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), binturong (Arctictis binturong), masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) were recorded during a camera trap survey in 1999.{{cite journal |author1=Than Zaw |author2=Than Myint |author3=Saw Htun |author4=Saw Htoo Tha Po |author5=Kyaw Thinn Latt |author6=Myint Maung |author7=Lynam A. J. |year=2014 |title=Status and distribution of smaller felids in Myanmar |journal=Cat News |issue=Special Issue 8 |pages=24–30 |url=http://catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/5.Cat_News/5.3._Special_Issues/5.3.8._SI_8/CatNews_SI8_Than_Zaw_et_al.pdf}}{{cite journal |author1=Than Zaw |author2=Saw Htun |author3=Saw Htoo Tha Po |author4=Myint Maung |author5=Lynam, A. J. |author6=Kyaw Thinn Latt |author7=Duckworth, J. W. |year=2008 |title=Status and distribution of small carnivores in Myanmar |journal=Small Carnivore Conservation |volume=38 |pages=2–28 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233862241}}

The clouded leopard and marbled cat populations were studied more detailed between December 2014 and March 2016.{{cite journal |author1=Naing, H. |author2=Ross, J. |author3=Burnham, D. |author4=Htun, S. |author5=Macdonald, D. W. |year=2019 |title=Population density estimates and conservation concern for clouded leopards Neofelis nebulosa, marbled cats Pardofelis marmorata and tigers Panthera tigris in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing, Myanmar |journal=Oryx |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=654–662 |doi=10.1017/S0030605317001260 |doi-access=free }}

An Asian water monitor (Varanus salvator) was recorded in 2016 along one of the streams flowing through the sanctuary.{{cite journal |author1=Platt, S. G. |author2=Win, M. M. |author3=Rainwater, T. R. |year=2018 |title=Additional field records provide further resolution of the distribution of the Water Monitor Varanus salvator (Squamata: Varanidae) in northwestern Myanmar |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=12425–12428 |doi=10.11609/jott.4425.10.10.12425-12428 |doi-access=free }}

Among the many birds found in the reserve are the white-winged duck (Asarcornis scutulata) and the masked finfoot (Heliopais personatus).{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

References

External links

{{cite web |author=Hla Naing |year=2016 |title=Htamanthi, North Myanmar: Where Tigers Still Survive |website= International Union for Conservation of Nature |url=https://www.iucn.org/content/htamanthi-north-myanmar-where-tigers-still-survive}}

Category:Protected areas of Myanmar

Category:Important Bird Areas of Myanmar

Category:Protected areas established in 1974