Early life and family

Hugh Algernon Percy was born on 6 April 1914. He was the second son of Alan, Earl Percy, later the 8th Duke of Northumberland, and his wife, Lady Helen Gordon-Lennox, herself the daughter of the 7th Duke of Richmond.{{cite book |editor1-last=Mosley |editor1-first=Charles |title=Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage |date=2003 |publisher=Burke's Peerage |location=Wilmington, Delaware |isbn=978-0-9711966-2-9 |edition=107 |volume=2}} From birth, as the younger son of an earl, he was entitled to the prefix The Honourable by courtesy.{{cite web |title=Courtesy Titles |url=https://debretts.com/peerage/courtesy-titles/ |website=Debrett's |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=17 February 2022}} When his father acceded to the dukedom upon the death of his paternal grandfather, the 7th Duke, in 1918, he became known as Lord Hugh Percy. His siblings included: George, 9th Duke of Northumberland; Elizabeth, Duchess of Hamilton; Diana, Duchess of Sutherland; and Lord Richard Percy.

He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford.

Career

On 15 April 1936, he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Northumberland Hussars.{{London Gazette| issue = 34274| date = 14 April 1936| page = 2455}} He became 10th Duke of Northumberland on 21 May 1940 when his childless elder brother was killed in action in Flanders, Belgium, in the leadup to the Battle of Dunkirk.{{cite web |title='Northumberland' killed in Flanders. |url=https://www.northumberlandarchives.com/2020/05/21/northumberland-killed-in-flanders/ |website=Northumberland Archives |date=21 May 2020 |access-date=17 February 2022}}{{cite web |title=Lieutenant Henry George Alan Percy |url=https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/2254063/ |website=Commonwealth War Graves Commission |access-date=17 February 2022}} In 1940, as a lieutenant, he transferred to the Royal Regiment of Artillery. He served in Crete and on the North African campaign.{{cite news |last1=St. Claire |first1=Mary |title=London's most spectacular wedding for years |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/47503867 |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=The Australian Women's Weekly |date=29 June 1947}} In 1947, as a captain, he transferred back to the Northumberland Hussars.

Following the death of his brother, he took his seat in the House of Lords as a Conservative Lord Temporal, making his maiden speech on 29 November 1944 in reply to King George VI's Speech from the Throne.{{cite hansard|title=Address in Reply to His Majesty's Most Gracious Speech|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1944/nov/29/address-in-reply-to-his-majestys-most#S5LV0134P0_19441129_HOL_26|house=House of Lords|date=29 November 1944}} He also took on management of the family estates, namely Alnwick Castle in Northumberland, Albury Park in Surrey and Syon House in London. He also succeeded his brother as Master of the Percy Foxhounds.

On 1 June 1945, he was appointed Lord in Waiting to King George VI, remaining in the position until 23 October 1945.{{London Gazette| issue = 37106| date = 1 June 1945| page = 2795}}{{London Gazette| issue = 37320| date = 23 October 1945| page = 5185}} As Lord in Waiting, he was a junior government whip in the Churchill caretaker ministry.{{cite book |last1=Butler |first1=David |last2=Butler |first2=Gareth |title=British Political Facts 1900–1994 |date=1994 |publisher=Macmillan Press |location=Basingstoke and London |isbn=978-03-12121-47-1 |pages=17–20 |edition=7}} He carried Curtana at the 1953 coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.{{London Gazette| issue = 40020| date = 17 November 1953| page = 6238| supp = y}} In 1957, he gained the additional peerage of Baron Percy upon the death of his kinsman, James, 9th Duke of Atholl.

In 1963, when the University of Newcastle upon Tyne became independent from the University of Durham, Northumberland was appointed their first Chancellor and retained the post until his death. As chancellor, the Duke presented an honorary degree to the Martin Luther King Jr. in November 1967, five months before Dr King's assassination.{{cite web |title=Martin Luther King Honorary Degree Ceremony |url=https://www.ncl.ac.uk/congregations/honorary/martinlutherking/ |website=Newcastle University |access-date=17 February 2022}} He donated many books and works of art to the university's library.{{cite journal |last1=Henderson, FRS |first1=Sir William |title=Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|date=March 1990 |volume=35 |pages=355–359 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1990.0016 |s2cid=72984977 |doi-access=free }}

He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland on 18 May 1956, a position previously held by his father and many of his ancestors which he held until 1984.{{London Gazette| issue = 40781| date = 18 May 1956| page = 2919}} On 2 January 1973, Northumberland succeeded the 10th Viscount Cobham as Lord Steward of the Household of Queen Elizabeth II, the most senior of the Great Offices of the Royal Households of the United Kingdom.{{London Gazette| issue = 45868| date = 2 January 1973| page = 105}}

In 1970, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. On 9 March 1973, he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts.{{London Gazette| issue = 45930| date = 16 March 1973| page = 3514}} He chaired or was a member of a number of councils and committees such as the Agricultural Research Council, Medical Research Council and the Committee of Enquiry on Foot and Mouth Disease. He was president of the Royal Agricultural Society of England in 1956 and 1962.

He held the position of Honorary Colonel in various battalions of the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, Northumbrian Volunteers and the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.{{London Gazette| issue = 46626| date = 8 July 1975| page = 8692| supp = y }}

In recognition of his service, on 24 April 1959, he was appointed the 922nd Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter and made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1981 Birthday Honours.{{London Gazette| issue = 41691| date = 24 April 1959| page = 2687}}{{London Gazette| issue = 48639| date = 12 June 1981| page = 4| supp = y}}

Marriage and issue

On 12 June 1946, he married Lady Elizabeth Diana Montagu Douglas Scott, daughter of the 8th Duke of Buccleuch, at Westminster Abbey. The Duke rode on horseback from Alnwick to Drumlanrig Castle to propose to Lady Elizabeth. The marriage united the Percy and Douglas families who had feuded for centuries, including at the Battle of Otterburn in 1388.{{cite news |title=Chatelaine united feuding families |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/chatelaine-united-feuding-families-20120927-26nhp.html |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=Sydney Morning Herald |date=29 September 2012}} Guests at the wedding included King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, Queen Mary, King George II of Greece, Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret.{{cite web |title=Thousands Break Cordon at Abbey Wedding |url=https://www.britishpathe.com/video/thousands-break-cordon-at-abbey-wedding/query/A+LONDON |website=British Pathé |access-date=17 February 2022}}

They had seven children:

Lady Caroline Mary Percy (born 3 May 1947). She married Pierre, Comte de Cabarrus, on 12 January 1974 and had issue.
Lady Victoria Lucy Diana Percy (born 19 April 1949). She married, first, Aidan Cuthbert on 4 October 1975 and had issue including Lucy, wife of Prince Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud. They were divorced in 2000 and she married secondly, the same year, Charles Lyon Fellowes, whom she divorced in 2006.
Lady Julia Helen Percy (born 12 November 1950). She married Nicholas Craig Harvey on 11 June 1983 and had issue.
Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland (1 July 1953 – 31 October 1995). Godson of Queen Elizabeth II.{{cite news |last1=Cope |first1=Rebecca |title=Who are the Queen's godchildren? |url=https://www.tatler.com/article/who-are-the-queens-godchildren |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=Tatler |date=21 April 2021}} He succeeded his father as 11th Duke of Northumberland in 1988.
Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland (born 16 November 1956). He married Jane Richard on 21 July 1979 and had issue, including Lady Catherine Percy, George, Earl Percy, and Lady Melissa Trafelet. Succeeded his brother as 12th Duke of Northumberland in 1995.
Lady Louise Percy (25 May 1962 – 27 May 1962). Died in infancy.
Lord James William Eustace Percy (born 18 June 1965). He married Lucy Caroline Rugge-Price in 2000 and had issue.

Death

The Duke died of a heart attack at his London home, Syon House, on 11 October 1988 at the age of 74.{{cite news |title=Hugh Algernon Percy, Duke of Northumberland, 74 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/12/obituaries/hugh-algernon-percy-duke-of-northumberland-74.html |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=12 October 1988}} He was succeeded as duke by his eldest son, Henry, Earl Percy, who became the 11th Duke of Northumberland. He was succeeded as Lord Steward and Chancellor of Newcastle University by the 4th Viscount Ridley, who had succeeded him as Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland four years earlier. His ashes were interred on 18 November 1988 in the Northumberland Vault at Westminster Abbey.{{cite web |title=Elizabeth, Duchess of Northumberland & Percy family |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/elizabeth-duchess-of-northumberland-percy-family |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=18 February 2022}}

Arms

{{Infobox COA wide

| name = Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland, KG, GCVO, TD, PC, JP, FRS

| image = File:Coat of Arms of Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland, KG, GCVO, PC, TD, FRS.png

| imagesize = 250px

| coronet = A Duke's Coronet

| bannerimage =

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| notes =

| crest = On a chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a lion statant tail extended Azure.

| torse =

| helm =

| escutcheon = Quarterly 1st and 4th, quarterly 1 and 4 Or a lion rampant Azure (Percy/Louvain); 2 and 3 Gules three lucies haurient Argent (Lucy); 2nd and 3rd Azure five fusils conjoined in fess Or (Percy).

| supporters = Dexter a lion Azure; sinister a lion guardant ducally crowned Or gorged with a collar compony Argent and Azure.

| compartment =

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| other_elements =

| banner =

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| previous_versions =

}}

Honours

45px 24 April 1959: 922nd Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG)
45px 13 June 1981: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO)
45px 9 July 1957: Knight of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem (KStJ){{London Gazette| issue = 41122| date = 9 April 1957| page = 4097| supp = y}}
45px 17 November 1961: Recipient of the Territorial Decoration (TD){{London Gazette| issue = 42515| date = 14 November 1961| page = 8340| supp = y}}

= Appointments =

1970: Fellow of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge (FRS)
1973: Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council (PC)
Honorary Associate of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons

=Military ranks=

{{flagicon|UK|army}} 15 April 1936: Second Lieutenant, Northumberland Hussars
{{flagicon|UK|army}} 1940: Lieutenant, Royal Regiment of Artillery
{{flagicon|UK|army}} 20 June 1944: Captain, Royal Regiment of Artillery{{London Gazette| issue = 36576| date = 20 June 1944| page = 2981| supp = y}}
{{flagicon|UK|army}} 28 August 1947: Captain, Northumberland Hussars

=Honorary military appointments=

{{flagicon|UK|army}} 25 September 1948 – 23 April 1968: Honorary Colonel of the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers{{London Gazette| issue = 38609| date = 13 May 1949| page = 2347| supp = y}}
{{flagicon|UK|army}} 1 April 1967 – 1 April 1969: Honorary Colonel of the 7th (Territorial) Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers{{London Gazette| issue = 44283 | date = 4 April 1967| page = 3812 | supp = y}}{{London Gazette| issue = 44819 | date = 28 March 1969| page = 3456| supp = y}}
{{flagicon|UK|army}} 1 April 1969 – 31 March 1971: Honorary Colonel of the 7th Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers{{London Gazette| issue = 45055| date = 6 March 1970| page = 2848| supp = y}}{{London Gazette| issue = 45575| date = 18 January 1972| page = 648 | supp = y}}
{{flagicon|UK|army}} 1 April 1971 – 31 March 1975: Deputy Honorary Colonel of the Northumbrian Volunteers{{London Gazette| issue = 46551| date = 22 April 1975| page = 5158 | supp = y}}
{{flagicon|UK|army}} 1 April 1975 – 11 October 1988: Honorary Colonel of the 6th (Volunteer) Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers