Hussam al-Din al-Jarrahi

{{Short description|Ayyubid emir and personal physician to Saladin}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}

{{Use Oxford spelling|date=June 2021}}

{{Infobox person

| honorific_prefix = Sheikh

| name = Hussam al-Din al-Jarrahi

| native_name = حسام الدين الجراحي

| native_name_lang = ar

| birth_date = Unknown

| death_date = 1202 CE {{small|(Ṣafar 598 AH)}}

| death_place = Jerusalem, Ayyubid Sultanate

| burial_place = Sheikh Jarrah, Jerusalem

| occupation = Emir, physician

}}

Hussam al-Din al-Jarrahi ({{langx|ar|حسام الدين الجراحي}}; died 1202 CE){{Cite book|last=Ali|first=Arafa Abdo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzx5AAAAIAAJ&q=%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%22|title=القدس العتيقة مدينة التاريخ والمقدسات|date=2007|publisher=General Authority for Cultural Palaces|isbn=978-977-437-181-3|pages=53|language=ar|access-date=2021-05-08|archive-date=2021-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508114544/https://books.google.ps/books?id=tzx5AAAAIAAJ&q=%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%22&dq=%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%22&hl=ar&sa=X&redir_esc=y|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|last=Mohammed|first=Murad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mmw3AQAAIAAJ&q=%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%22|title=القدس بين الاجتثاث الصهيوني والمهادنة الدولية|date=2008|publisher=Dar Al-Mawasim|isbn=978-9953-508-06-1|pages=28|language=ar|access-date=2021-05-08|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507224957/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mmw3AQAAIAAJ&q=%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%22&dq=%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%22&hl=ar&sa=X&redir_esc=y|url-status=live}} was an emir and the personal physician of Saladin, who founded the Ayyubid dynasty and rose to become a prominent Muslim leader during the Crusades. Due to his extensive work in medicine, Hussam received the title of jarrah ({{Langx|ar|جراح|label=none}}), meaning "surgeon" in the Arabic language.[http://jiis.org/.upload/sheikhjarrah-eng.pdf The Sheikh Jarrah Affair: The Strategic Implications of Jewish Settlement in an Arab Neighborhood in East Jerusalem] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035016/http://jiis.org/.upload/sheikhjarrah-eng.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}, JIIS Studies Series no. 404, 2010. Yitzhak Reiter and Lior Lehrs, The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies. On [http://www.jiis.org/?cmd=publication.7&page=2&act=read&id=584] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313081453/http://jiis.org/?act=read&cmd=publication.7&id=584&page=2 |date=2016-03-13 }}{{cite book|author=Marim Shahin|url=https://archive.org/details/palestine00mari/page/328|title=Palestine: A Guide|publisher=Interlink Books|year=2005|isbn=1-56656-557-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/palestine00mari/page/328 328–329]|url-access=registration}}

Although his exact date of birth is unknown, Hussam was primarily active during the 12th century; he established a Sufi-focused zawiya known as the Zawiya Jarrahiyya in Jerusalem.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lidmAAAAMAAJ&q=jarrahi+al-din|title=Ayyubid Jerusalem (1187-1250): an architectural and archaeological study|first=M.|last=Hawari|author-link=Mahmoud Hawari|edition=Illustrated|publisher=Archaeopress|year=2007|isbn=9781407300429|access-date=2021-05-08|archive-date=2021-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508114544/https://books.google.com/books?id=lidmAAAAMAAJ&q=jarrahi+al-din|url-status=live}} Hussam was buried on the grounds of the school, which is today located in the East Jerusalem neighbourhood of Sheikh Jarrah, for which he serves as the namesake.{{Cite book|last=Hussain|first=Jumea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe5QAQAAIAAJ&q=%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%22|title=من القدس الى غزة: دراسة فكرية وسياسية|date=2010|publisher=Arab Writers Union|isbn=978-9933-428-75-4|pages=67|language=ar|access-date=2021-05-08|archive-date=2021-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508114545/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe5QAQAAIAAJ&q=%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%22&dq=%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%22&hl=ar&sa=X&redir_esc=y|url-status=live}} In 1202, a tomb was built on his burial site and subsequently became a destination for Muslim mystics and visitors.Kark, R. and Shimon Landman, The establishment of Muslim neighbourhoods outside the Old City during the late Ottoman period, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, vol 112, 1980, pp 113–135.