Hussein Kamel of Egypt

{{Infobox monarch

| name = Hussein Kamel
{{Nobold|{{lang|ar|حسين كامل}}}}

| succession = Sultan of Egypt

| image = Ch. Chusseau-Flaviens - George Eastman House - Egypt-Prince Hussein Pacha (Khedive ) (pd).jpg

| caption = Portrait by Charles Chusseau-Flaviens

| reign = 19 December 1914 – 9 October 1917

| predecessor = Abbas Hilmi II (as Khedive of Egypt)

| successor = Fuad I

| regent = Hussein Roshdy Pasha

| reg-type = {{nowrap|Prime Minister}}

| spouse = {{plainlist|

{{marriage|Ayn al-Hayat Ahmad|1873|end=divorced}}
{{marriage|Melek Tourhan
|1887}}}}

| issue = Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein
Princess Kazima Hussein
Princess Kamila Hussein
Prince Ahmed Kazim Hussein
Princess Kadria Hussein
Princess Samiha Hussein
Princess Badia Hussein

| house = Alawiyya

| father = Isma'il I of Egypt

| mother = Nur Felek Qadin

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1853|11|21|df=yes}}

| birth_place = Cairo, Egypt Eyalet, Ottoman Empire

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1917|10|9|1853|11|21|df=y}}

| death_place = Cairo, Sultanate of Egypt

| place of burial = Al-Rifa'i Mosque, Cairo, Egypt|

}}

Hussein Kamel ({{langx|ar|حسين كامل}}; 21 November 1853 – 9 October 1917) was the Sultan of Egypt from 19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917, during the British protectorate over Egypt. He was the first person to hold the title of Sultan of Egypt since the killing of Sultan Tuman II by the Ottomans in 1517 following their conquest of Egypt.

Life

Hussein Kamel was the second son of Khedive Ismail Pasha, who ruled Egypt from 1863 to 1879. He was declared Sultan of Egypt on 19 December 1914, after the occupying British forces had deposed his nephew, Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, on 5 November 1914. Though presented as the re-establishment of the pre-Ottoman Egyptian sultanate, the newly created Sultanate of Egypt was to be a British protectorate, with effective political and military power vested in British officials. This brought to an end the de jure Ottoman sovereignty over Egypt, which had been largely nominal since Muhammad Ali's seizure of power in 1805.

File:قبر السلطان حسين كامل بمسجد الرفاعى بالقاهرة.jpeg in Cairo]]

Upon Hussein Kamel's death, his only son, Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein, declined the succession, and Hussein Kamel's brother Ahmed Fuad ascended the throne as Fuad I. At the beginning of Naguib Mahfouz's novel Palace Walk, Ahmad Abd al-Jawwad says "What a fine man Prince Kamal al-Din Husayn is! Do you know what he did? He refused to ascend the throne of his late father so long as the British are in charge."Naguib Mahfouz, Palace Walk (Anchor Books, 1991), p. 12

Stereoscope photographs of the coronation and burial processions of Sultan Hussein are available on the Rare Books and Special Collections Digital Library of the American University in Cairo.

Honours

File:20 qirsh Hussein Kamel 1916.png: 20 qirsh of Sultanate of Egypt minted during the reign of Hussein Kamel - 1916 struck at Bombay Mint]]

;Domestic{{cn|date=June 2020}}

Founder and Sovereign of the Order of Muhammad Ali
Founder and Sovereign of the Order of Ismail
Founder and Sovereign of the Order of the Nile
Founder and Sovereign of the Order of the Virtues

;Foreign{{cn|date=June 2020}}

Ottoman Empire: Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class
Ottoman Empire: Order of the Medjidie, 1st Class
Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph, 1869{{citation|chapter=Ritter-Orden: Kaiserlich-österreichischer Franz Joseph-orden|chapter-url=https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1913&page=517&size=45|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie|date=1913|access-date=9 February 2021|page=174}}
Sweden: Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword, 1891{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1915|chapter=Kungl. Svenska Riddareordnarna|chapter-url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0668.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=10 February 2021|page=[https://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0674.html 674]|language=sv}}
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: Honorary Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (civil division), 19 December 1914{{London Gazette|issue=29021|page=11132|date=29 December 1914}}
French Third Republic: Grand Cross of the Legion d'Honneur, 1916
Kingdom of Italy: Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 1916
Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer, 1916
Kingdom of Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown, 1916
Belgium: Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II, 1917

References

External links

{{Commons category-inline|Hussein Kamel of Egypt}}
[http://cdm15795.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/search/collection/p15795coll15/searchterm/%E1%B8%A4usayn%20K%C4%81mil%2C%20Sultan%20of%20Egypt%2C%201853-1917/order/nosort Stereoscopes of Hussein Kamel's coronation and burial processions]

{{s-bef

| before = Abbas Hilmi II

| as = Khedive of Egypt and Sudan

}}

{{s-ttl

| rows = 2

| title = Sultan of Egypt and the Sudan

| years = 19 December 1914 – 9 October 1917

}}

{{s-aft

| rows = 2

| after = Fuad I