Hwasong-11

The missiles in the Hwasong-11 series, including the original version, the Hwasong-11A and the 11B, are single-stage, solid-fueled.{{Cite web |date=2016-04-12 |title=KN-02 (Toksa) |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/kn-02/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216224357/https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/kn-02/ |archive-date=16 December 2024 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Missile Threat }}{{Cite web|date=1 July 2019|title=KN-23|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/kn-23/|access-date=2025-01-26|website=Missile Threat - CSIS}}{{Cite web|date=15 April 2020|title=KN-24|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/kn-24/|access-date=2025-01-26|website=Missile Threat - CSIS}}

The missiles are produced in the February 11 Plant, a part of Ryongsong Machine Complex, located at Hamhung, North Korea. The February 11 Plant appears to be the only known factory to produce these missiles. In November 2024, according to satellite imagery, the plant is being expanded.{{Cite web |author1= Idrees Ali|author2=Phil Stewart |author3=Josh Smith |date=2024-11-25|title=North Korea expands plant making missile Russia uses in Ukraine, researchers say|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/satellite-images-suggest-north-korea-expanding-missile-plant-researchers-say-2024-11-25/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240216205447/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kyiv-says-russia-has-fired-least-24-north-korean-ballistic-missiles-ukraine-2024-02-16/ |archive-date=2024-02-16 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Reuters}}

{{main|KN-02 Toksa}}

The original Hwasong-11 ({{Korean|hangul=《화성-11》형|lit=Mars Type 11|context=north|labels=no}}), commonly known outside North Korea by its external designations KN-02{{efn|group="a"|name="usdesignation"|The KN number is the designation used by United States for describing North Korean missiles.}} and Toksa ({{Korean|hangul=독사|lit=Viper|labels=no}}) is a reverse-engineered, locally produced modification of the Soviet's OTR-21 Tochka short-range ballistic missile.

The original Hwasong-11's maximum range is {{cvt|120–170|km|abbr=on}}. It is capable of being equipped with a {{cvt|250|kg|abbr=on}} or {{cvt|485|kg|abbr=on}} warhead. It was first tested in 2006.

The missile has an upgraded version, called KN-10 by United States, with a maximum range of {{cvt|220|km|abbr=on}}.{{Cite web |last=Scott LaFoy |date=31 July 2017 |title=The More You KN-0w About North Korean Missiles |url=https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1203680/the-more-you-kn-0w-about-north-korean-missiles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123074532/http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1203680/the-more-you-kn-0w-about-north-korean-missiles/ |archive-date=23 November 2024 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Arms Control Wonk }}

{{main|Hwasong-11A}}

The Hwasong-11A ({{Korean|hangul=《화성-11가》형|lit=Mars Type 11A|context=north|labels=no}}), also known as KN-23{{efn|group="a"|name="usdesignation"}} is a single-stage, solid-fueled short-range ballistic missile that has an external resemblance to the Russian Iskander-M and South Korean Hyunmoo-2B short-range ballistic missiles.{{Cite web|title=KN-23|url=https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/missile-threat-and-proliferation/todays-missile-threat/north-korea/kn-23/|access-date=2025-01-26|website=Missile Defense Advocacy}}

The missile has a maximum range is {{cvt|900|km|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|date=23 January 2024|title=Tên lửa KN-23 'bản sao Iskander-M' có thể bắn xa tới 900 km|trans-title=KN-23 [Hwasong-11A] missile 'Iskander-M copy' can be fired up to 900 km|url=https://www.anninhthudo.vn/ten-lua-kn-23-ban-sao-iskander-m-co-the-ban-xa-toi-900-km-post565213.antd|website=An ninh Thủ đô|access-date=2025-05-13|language=vi}} and can be equipped with a {{cvt|500|kg|abbr=on}} warhead at {{cvt|690|km|abbr=on}}.

Hwasong-11A made its public debut in 2018 and was first test-fired in May 2019.

Before July 2023, the Hwasong-11A was known only by its United States's designation. In July 2023, the missile's official designation was revealed.{{Cite web|date=30 July 2023|title=KN-23（イスカンデル擬き）は火星11Aである|trans-title=KN-23 (Iskander imitator) is Hwasong-11A|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/1330c9dbf74b936ff69767bbc403a565b7d4fb84|access-date=2024-12-29|website=Yahoo News Japan|lang=ja}}

Hwasong-11A also has three variants, called Hwasong-11C, Hwasong-11D and Hwasong-11S.{{Cite web|author=Tianran Xu|date=8 August 2023|title=Brief on 27 July 2023 Parade of the DPRK|url=https://opennuclear.org/publication/brief-27-july-2023-parade-dprk

|access-date=2025-01-04|website=Open Nuclear Network}}

{{main|Hwasong-11B}}

The Hwasong-11B ({{Korean|hangul=《화성포-11나》형|lit=Mars Artillery Type 11B|context=north|labels=no}}), also known as KN-24{{efn|group="a"|name="usdesignation"}} is a single-stage, solid-fueled short-range ballistic missile that has an external resemblance to the United States's ATACMS.

Hwasong-11B has a maximum range of {{cvt|410|km|abbr=on}}. It was test-fired in August 2019.

Beside the original black and white livery, the missile also has a beige-colored version, which was first shown in the “Self-Defence 2021” military exhibition,{{Cite web|title=Pukguksong GLBM-1|url=http://www.b14643.eu/Spacerockets/Specials/Pukguksong_GLBM-1/index.htm|access-date=2021-10-25|website=www.b14643.eu}} where the official designation was revealed.{{Cite web|title=Image containing the official name of Hwasong-11B (KN-24) missile|url=http://www.mediaryugyong.com.kp/contents/photo/rev/ko/2023/08/31/20230831_222826_37.jpg|access-date=2024-12-28|website=Media Ryugyong}}

{{main|Hwasong-11C}}

The Hwasong-11C ({{Korean|hangul=《화성포-11다》형|lit=Mars Artillery Type 11C|context=north|labels=no}}) is the larger variant of Hwasong-11A with a closely similar design.{{Cite web|date=4 March 2021| title=S/2021/211|url=https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2021_211.pdf

|access-date=2025-01-22|website=United Nations Security Council}}{{Cite web|date=7 March 2024|title=S/2024/215|url=https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/S%202024%20215.pdf

|access-date=2024-12-30|website=United Nations Security Council}}

First tested in March 2021, the missile's range is assumed to be about {{cvt|600|km|abbr=on}} with a {{cvt|2500|kg|abbr=on}} warhead.{{Cite web|date=2022-04-21

|title=DPRK Military Parade Viewbook 2022|url=https://opennuclear.org/sites/default/files/2022-04/DPRK%20Parade%20ViewBook%2020220421.pptx_.pdf

|access-date=2024-12-29|website=Open Nuclear Network}}

In March 2023, North Korea revealed the missile's official designation.{{Cite web|author=Colin Zwirko|title=North Korea reveals internal names for several missile systems: Analysis|url=https://www.nknews.org/pro/north-korea-reveals-internal-names-for-several-missile-systems-analysis/|access-date=2024-12-29|website=NK Pro|date=3 April 2023}}

A larger version of Hwasong-11C, called Hwasong-11C-4.5, was first test-fired in July 2024 with a {{cvt|4500|kg|abbr=on}} warhead.{{Cite web|date=2 July 2024|title=DPRK Missile Administration Conducts Test-fire of New-type Tactical Ballistic Missile

|url=http://kcna.kp/en/article/q/841c0d7c2c6cf2f2c8928f7bfb021616.kcmsf|access-date=2024-12-29|website=Korean Central News Agency}}

{{main|Hwasong-11D}}

The Hwasong-11D ({{Korean|hangul=《화성포-11라》형|lit=Mars Artillery Type 11D|context=north|labels=no}}) is the smaller variant of Hwasong-11A.

The missile's assumed range is similar to original Hwasong-11.{{Cite web|author=Vann H. Van Diepen|date=25 April 2022|title=North Korea's New Short-Range Ballistic Missile|url=https://www.38north.org/2022/04/north-koreas-new-short-range-ballistic-missile/|access-date=2025-01-03|website=38 North}}

Made its public debut in April 2022, however, the missile's official name was only revealed in March 2023.

{{main|Hwasong-11S}}

The Hwasong-11S ({{Korean|hangul=《화성포-11ㅅ》형|lit=Mars Artillery Type 11S|context=north|labels=no}}) is the underwater-launched variant of Hwasong-11A.

The missile was first displayed in October 2021, during the "Self-Defence 2021" military exhibition.{{Cite web|date=18 October 2021|author=Tianran Xu|title=Brief on the Defence Development Exhibition of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|url=https://opennuclear.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/Xu-Brief%20on%20the%20Defence%20Development%20Exhibition%20of%20the%20Democratic%20People%E2%80%99s%20Republic%20of%20Korea-18%20Oct%202021%20%281%29.pdf

|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Open Nuclear Network}} Its first flight test also occurred in October 2021.{{Cite web|title=The CNS North Korea Missile Test Database|url=https://www.nti.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/north_korea_missile_test_database.xlsx|access-date=2025-01-03|website=Nuclear Threat Initiative}}

The missile's official name was revealed in March 2023.

Since 2013, North Korea has tested missiles in the Hwasong-11 series multiple times.

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, there are multiple reports of missiles from the Hwasong-11 series being used by Russian forces.

According to declassified United States intelligence informations, in October 2023, an unknown number of North Korean ballistic missiles were transferred to Russia. Based on debris left by Russian attacks on Ukrainian targets on 30 December 2023, the ring housing the control vanes have been identified as the characteristics of Hwasong-11A and 11B missiles.{{cite web|author1= Jeff Mason |author2=Josh Smith |title=White House says Russia used missiles from North Korea to strike Ukraine |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/white-house-north-korea-recently-provided-russia-with-ballistic-missiles-2024-01-04/|date=5 January 2024|access-date=2025-02-07|website=Reuters}}

On 2 January 2024, during the Kharkiv strikes, Russia fired a missile that landed in Kharkiv. In April 2024, debris from this missile was confirmed by United Nations to be derived from a Hwasong-11-class missile.{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Ukraine shows evidence Russia fired North Korea missile at Kharkiv |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/ukraine-shows-evidence-russia-fired-north-korea-missile-kharkiv-2024-01-06/ |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=Reuters}}{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=Michelle |date=29 April 2024 |title=Exclusive: UN experts say North Korea missile landed in Ukraine's Kharkiv |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/un-experts-say-north-korea-missile-landed-ukraines-kharkiv-2024-04-29/ |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=Reuters}}

On 15 February 2024, a Hwasong-11B was shot down in Ukraine, near Kyiv.{{cite web|author1=Yevhen Buderatskyi|author2=Yevhen Kizilov|date=16 February 2024|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/02/16/7442218/| title=North Korean KN-24 missile leaves huge crater in Bucha district|website=Ukrainska Pravda|access-date=2025-02-07}} A day later, on 16 February 2024, according to Ukraine, Russia used 24 Hwasong-11A and 11B missiles, with overall low accuracy.{{Cite web |last=Balforth |first=Tom |date=February 16, 2024 |title=Ukrainian data casts doubt on precision of N.Korea missiles fired by Russia |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kyiv-says-russia-has-fired-least-24-north-korean-ballistic-missiles-ukraine-2024-02-16/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240216205447/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kyiv-says-russia-has-fired-least-24-north-korean-ballistic-missiles-ukraine-2024-02-16/ |archive-date=2024-02-16 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Reuters}}

In November 2024, data from Ukrainian defense intelligence unit showed that Russia received 100 ballistic missiles from North Korea. Ukrainian military intelligence claimed these missiles to be Hwasong-11A and 11B.{{Cite web |author=Taejun Kang |date=2024-11-26 |title=Ukrainian data casts doubt on precision of N.Korea missiles fired by Russia |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/korea/2024/11/26/north-korea-ukraine-missiles/|access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Radio Free Asia}}

According to Ukraine, at the start of 2025, North Korea had supplied at least 148 Hwasong-11A and 11B missiles. Ukraine also claimed that the missile used in the 23 April 2025 Russian attack on civilians in Kyiv was Hwasong-11A.{{Cite web |date=24 April 2025|author=Tom Balmforth|title=Missile that killed 12 in Russian strike on Kyiv was North Korean, Zelenskiy says

|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/missile-that-killed-eight-russian-strike-kyiv-was-nkorean-kyiv-source-says-2025-04-24/ |access-date=25 April 2025 |website=Reuters}}

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Category:Short-range ballistic missiles

Category:Ballistic missiles of North Korea