Hybrid mass spectrometer
A hybrid mass spectrometer is a device for tandem mass spectrometry that consists of a combination of two or more m/z separation devices of different types.
Notation
The different m/z separation elements of a hybrid mass spectrometer can be represented by a shorthand notation. The symbol Q represents a quadrupole mass analyzer, q is a radio frequency collision quadrupole, TOF is a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, B is a magnetic sector and E is an electric sector.
Sector quadrupole
A sector instrument can be combined with a collision quadrupole and quadrupole mass analyzer to form a hybrid instrument.{{Cite journal | last1 = Glish | first1 = G. | year = 1982 | title = A new "hybrid" sector/quadrupole mass spectrometer for mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry | journal = International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics | volume = 41 | pages = 157–177 | doi = 10.1016/0020-7381(82)85032-8 | last2 = McLuckey | first2 = S | author2-link=Scott A. McLuckey| last3 = Ridley | first3 = T | last4 = Cooks | first4 = R | issue = 3| bibcode = 1982IJMSI..41..157G }} A BEqQ configuration with a magnetic sector (B), electric sector (E), collision quadrupole (q) and m/z selection quadrupole (Q) have been constructed{{Cite journal | last1 = Schoen | first1 = A. | year = 1985 | title = A hybrid BEQQ mass spectrometer | journal = International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes | volume = 65 | pages = 125–140 | doi = 10.1016/0168-1176(85)85059-X | last2 = Amy | first2 = J.W. | last3 = Ciupek | first3 = J.D. | last4 = Cooks | first4 = R.G. | last5 = Dobberstein | first5 = P. | last6 = Jung | first6 = G. | issue = 1–2 | bibcode = 1985IJMSI..65..125S }}{{Cite journal | last = Harrison | first = A. | year = 1986 | title = A hybrid BEQQ mass spectrometer for studies in gaseous ion chemistry | journal = International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes | volume = 74 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–31 | doi = 10.1016/0168-1176(86)85020-0 | bibcode = 1986IJMSI..74...13H }} and an instrument with two electric sectors (BEEQ) has been described.{{Cite journal | last1 = Winger | first1 = B. E. | year = 1992 | title = Hybrid BEEQ tandem mass spectrometer for the study of ion/surface collision processes | journal = Review of Scientific Instruments | volume = 63 | pages = 5613 | doi = 10.1063/1.1143391 | last2 = Laue | first2 = H. -J. | last3 = Horning | first3 = S. R. | last4 = Julian | first4 = R. K. | last5 = Lammert | first5 = S. A. | last6 = Riederer | first6 = D. E. | last7 = Cooks | first7 = R. G. | issue = 12|bibcode = 1992RScI...63.5613W }}
Quadrupole time-of-flight
A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with the final quadrupole replaced by a time-of-flight device is known as a quadrupole time-of-flight instrument.{{cite journal |vauthors=Shevchenko A, Loboda A, Shevchenko A, Ens W, Standing KG |title=MALDI quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry: a powerful tool for proteomic research |journal=Anal. Chem. |volume=72 |issue=9 |pages=2132–41 |date=May 2000 |pmid=10815976 |doi= 10.1021/ac9913659}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Steen H, Küster B, Mann M |title=Quadrupole time-of-flight versus triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry for the determination of phosphopeptides by precursor ion scanning |journal=J Mass Spectrom |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=782–90 |date=July 2001 |pmid=11473401 |doi=10.1002/jms.174|bibcode=2001JMSp...36..782S }} Such an instrument can be represented as QqTOF.
Ion trap time-of-flight
In an ion trap instrument, ions are trapped in a quadrupole ion trap and then injected into the TOF. The trap can be 3-D{{cite journal |vauthors=Fountain ST, Lee H, Lubman DM |title=Ion fragmentation activated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in an ion-trap/reflectron time-of-flight device |journal=Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=407–16 |date=May 1994 |pmid=7517726 |doi=10.1002/rcm.1290080514 |bibcode=1994RCMS....8..407F }} or a linear trap.{{Cite journal | last1 = Campbell | first1 = J. M. | year = 1998 | title = A new linear ion trap time-of-flight system with tandem mass spectrometry capabilities | journal = Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry | volume = 12 | pages = 1463–1474 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19981030)12:20<1463::AID-RCM357>3.0.CO;2-H | last2 = Collings | first2 = B. A. | last3 = Douglas | first3 = D. J. | issue = 20}}
Linear ion trap and Fourier transform mass analyzers
A linear ion trap combined with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance{{cite journal |vauthors=Syka JE, Marto JA, Bai DL, etal |title=Novel linear quadrupole ion trap/FT mass spectrometer: performance characterization and use in the comparative analysis of histone H3 post-translational modifications |journal=J. Proteome Res. |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=621–6 |year=2004 |pmid=15253445 |doi= 10.1021/pr0499794}} or Orbitrap{{cite journal |vauthors=Makarov A, Denisov E, Kholomeev A, Balschun W, Lange O, Strupat K, Horning S |title=Performance evaluation of a hybrid linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer |journal=Anal. Chem. |volume=78 |issue=7 |pages=2113–20 |year=2006 |pmid=16579588 |doi=10.1021/ac0518811}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Olsen JV, de Godoy LM, Li G, etal |title=Parts per million mass accuracy on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer via lock mass injection into a C-trap |journal=Mol. Cell. Proteomics |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=2010–21 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16249172 |doi=10.1074/mcp.T500030-MCP200 |url=http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16249172|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Yates JR, Cociorva D, Liao L, Zabrouskov V |title=Performance of a linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid for peptide analysis |journal=Anal. Chem. |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=493–500 |date=January 2006 |pmid=16408932 |doi=10.1021/ac0514624}} mass spectrometer is marketed by Thermo Scientific as the LTQ FT and LTQ Orbitrap, respectively.