Hydnum

Hydnum species are found on every continent that is habitable for plant life, with some preferring deep forest regions.{{Cite journal |last1=Sugawara |first1=Ryo |last2=Sotome |first2=Kozue |last3=Maekawa |first3=Nitaro |last4=Nakagiri |first4=Akira |last5=Endo |first5=Naoki |date=May 2021 |title=Mycorrhizal synthesis, morpho-anatomical characterization of mycorrhizae, and evaluation of mycorrhiza-forming ability of Hydnum albidum–like species using monokaryotic and dikaryotic cultures |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00572-021-01024-7 |journal=Mycorrhiza |language=en |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=349–359 |doi=10.1007/s00572-021-01024-7 |pmid=33616720 |bibcode=2021Mycor..31..349S |s2cid=231990526 |issn=0940-6360}} Most of the common species, such as H. repandum and H. rufescens can be located in Europe, East Asia, and Australia.{{Cite journal |last1=Sugawara |first1=Ryo |last2=Maekawa |first2=Nitaro |last3=Sotome |first3=Kozue |last4=Nakagiri |first4=Akira |last5=Endo |first5=Naoki |date=2022-03-04 |title=Systematic revision of Hydnum species in Japan |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00275514.2021.2024407 |journal=Mycologia |language=en |volume=114 |issue=2 |pages=413–452 |doi=10.1080/00275514.2021.2024407 |pmid=35394899 |s2cid=248050053 |issn=0027-5514}}

Hydnum repandum is a common and edible species. Also called the "hedgehog mushroom", H. repandum is most often found in Europe, Mexico, and North America. The smooth cap grows as wide as 8 inches across, and the stem is off-center and is less than 2 inches long. H. repandum is often confused in looks for its similar tasting cousin, the Chantrelle mushroom.{{Cite journal |last1=Antonyuk |first1=Volodymyr |last2=Panchak |first2=Lidiia V. |last3=Antonyuk |first3=Lidiia Ya |last4=Zyn |first4=Alina R. |title=Extractive Substances of Fruit Body Golden Chanterelle (Cantharellus Cibarius Fr.) and Hedgehog Mushroom (Hydnum Repandum Fr.) |date=2021-01-17 |url=https://ejfa.me/index.php/journal/article/view/2195 |journal=Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture |pages=826–834 |doi=10.9755/ejfa.2020.v32.i11.2195 |s2cid=234177776 |issn=2079-0538|doi-access=free }} Medicinally, H. repandum has shown promising signs in preventing malignant sarcomas in mice.{{Cite journal |last1=Peksen |first1=A |last2=Kibar |first2=B |last3=Yakupoglu |first3=G |date=2013-10-14 |title=Favourable culture conditions for mycelial growth of Hydnum repandum, a medicinal mushroom |url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajtcam/article/view/95134 |journal=African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=431–434 |doi=10.4314/ajtcam.v10i6.4 |issn=0189-6016 |pmc=3847377 |pmid=24311862}}

Hydnum rufescens is another common edible variety of hydnum. Known locally as the terracotta hedgehog mushroom, it can be found in Portugal.{{Cite journal |last1=Ribeiro |first1=Bárbara |last2=Guedes de Pinho |first2=Paula |last3=Andrade |first3=Paula B. |last4=Baptista |first4=Paula |last5=Valentão |first5=Patrícia |date=2009-09-01 |title=Fatty acid composition of wild edible mushrooms species: A comparative study |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X09000526 |journal=Microchemical Journal |language=en |volume=93 |issue=1 |pages=29–35 |doi=10.1016/j.microc.2009.04.005 |hdl=10198/4409 |issn=0026-265X|hdl-access=free }} It has been found to contain high levels of fatty acids and nutrients essential to the human diet.

Hydnum minum is a new species that was described in 2015. First located in Japan, H. minum is identifiable by a "whitish basidiomata", or spore-producing structure.

Hydnum vesterholtii has been newly found in calcium rich areas of the Mediterranean, as well as in the Pyrenees and Italy, and is recognized by an ochre tinted spore cap.{{Cite journal |last1=Vizzini |first1=A |last2=Picillo |first2=B |last3=Ercole |first3=E |last4=Voyron |first4=S |last5=Contu |first5=M |date=2012 |title=Detecting the variability of Hydnum ovoideisporum (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales) on the basis of Italian collections, and H. magnorufescens sp. nov. |url=http://www.mycosphere.org/pdfs/MC4_1_No2.pdf |journal=Mycosphere |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=32–44 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/4/1/2}}

Hydnum ovoideisporum, much like H. vesterholtii, has an orangish colored cap. It is also found in the Iberian-Mediterranean climate and is fond of calcium rich soils.{{Cite journal |last1=Olariaga |first1=Ibai |last2=Grebenc |first2=Tine |last3=Salcedo |first3=Isabel |last4=Martín |first4=María P. |date=2012-11-01 |title=Two new species of Hydnum with ovoid basidiospores: H. ovoideisporum and H. vesterholtii |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3852/11-378 |journal=Mycologia |language=en |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=1443–1455 |doi=10.3852/11-378 |pmid=22684286 |s2cid=44252712 |issn=0027-5514|hdl=10261/134566 |hdl-access=free }}

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{{cite web |url=http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=17797 |title=Hydnum L. 1753 |publisher=International Mycological Association |work=MycoBank |access-date=2011-06-17}}

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Category:Cantharellales

Category:Agaricomycetes genera