Hyginus (crater)
{{Short description|Volcanic formation on the Moon}}
{{Infobox Lunar crater
| image = Hyginus crater 4097 h1.jpg
| caption = Lunar Orbiter 4 image
| coordinates = {{coord|7.8|N|6.3|E|globe:moon_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| diameter = 11 km
| depth = 0.8 km
| colong = 354
| eponym = C. Julius Hyginus
}}
Hyginus is a lunar caldera located at the east end of the Sinus Medii. It was named after ancient Roman astronomer Gaius Julius Hyginus.{{gpn|2606}} Its rim is split by a 220 kilometer-long rille, Rima Hyginus, that branches to the northwest and to the east-southeast. The crater is deeper than the rille, and lies at intersection of the rille's branches. Together, the crater and the rille form a prominent feature in an otherwise flat surface. Smaller craters along the length of the rille may have been caused by the collapse of an underlying structure.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
Hyginus is one of the few craters on the Moon that was not created as a result of an impact, and is instead believed to be volcanic in origin. It lacks the raised outer rim that is typical with impact craters.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
Hyginus was considered a possible landing site during the Apollo Program, because it was thought to be a site of potentially active volcanism.To a Rocky Moon: A Geologist's History of Lunar Exploration. Don E. Wilhelms, University of Arizona Press (1993), Chapter 10. {{ISBN|978-0816510658}} The landing point would have been northwest of the crater, within a few kilometers of the main crater rim and the rille to the west. Major objectives would have included examining and sampling the Cayley Formation and dark overlying rocks, the crater rim and floor, and other possible volcanic features in the area.El-Baz, Farouk, 1968. Geologic Characteristics of the Nine Lunar Landing Mission Sites Recommended by the Group for Lunar Exploration Planning. Bellcomm, Inc. TR-68-340-1.
It was near Hyginus that in 1878 Hermann Klein claimed to have discovered a new crater.{{Cite journal |title=1878AReg...16..265K Page 265 |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1878AReg...16..265K/0000282.000.html |access-date=2022-07-21 |journal=Astronomical Register|bibcode=1878AReg...16..265K |last1=Klein |first1=Hermann |year=1878 |volume=16 |page=265 }}
Views
File:Rima Hyginus 3073 med.jpg|Lunar Orbiter 3 image
File:Hyginus and Rima Hyginus (LRO).png|LRO image of Hyginus (lower right) and part of Rima Hyginus
File:AS10-31-4650 Rima Hyginus.jpg|Oblique view from Apollo 10
File:Rima Hyginus AS17-M-1674.jpg|Oblique view from Apollo 17
Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Hyginus.
| class="wikitable"
!width="25%" style="background:#eeeeee;" |Hyginus !width="25%" style="background:#eeeeee;" |Latitude !width="25%" style="background:#eeeeee;" |Longitude !width="25%" style="background:#eeeeee;" |Diameter |
| align="center"|A
|align="center"|6.3° N |align="center"|5.7° E |align="center"|8 km |
| align="center"|B
|align="center"|7.6° N |align="center"|5.1° E |align="center"|6 km |
| align="center"|C
|align="center"|7.7° N |align="center"|8.3° E |align="center"|5 km |
| align="center"|D
|align="center"|11.4° N |align="center"|4.3° E |align="center"|5 km |
| align="center"|E
|align="center"|8.7° N |align="center"|8.5° E |align="center"|4 km |
| align="center"|F
|align="center"|8.0° N |align="center"|8.6° E |align="center"|4 km |
| align="center"|G
|align="center"|11.0° N |align="center"|6.0° E |align="center"|4 km |
| align="center"|H
|align="center"|6.0° N |align="center"|7.0° E |align="center"|4 km |
| align="center"|N
|align="center"|10.5° N |align="center"|7.4° E |align="center"|11 km |
| align="center"|S
|align="center"|6.4° N |align="center"|8.0° E |align="center"|29 km |
| align="center"|W
|align="center"|9.7° N |align="center"|7.7° E |align="center"|22 km |
| align="center"|Z
|align="center"|8.0° N |align="center"|9.5° E |align="center"|28 km |
References
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite journal
| author=C.G. Wood | title=The Moon's Mystery Rilles
| journal=Sky & Telescope | date=2006 | volume=112
| issue=3 | pages=54–55 }}
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| last1 = Andersson
| first1 = L. E.
| last2 = Whitaker
| first2 = E. A.
| author-link2 = Ewen Whitaker
| date = 1982
| title = NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature
| publisher = NASA RP-1097
}}
- {{cite book
| last1 = Bussey
| first1 = B.
| author-link1 = Ben Bussey
| last2 = Spudis
| first2 = P.
| author-link2 = Paul Spudis
| date = 2004
| title = The Clementine Atlas of the Moon
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-521-81528-4
}}
- {{cite book
| last1 = Cocks
| first1 = Elijah E.
| last2 = Cocks
| first2 = Josiah C.
| date = 1995
| title = Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature
| publisher = Tudor Publishers
| isbn = 978-0-936389-27-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780936389271
}}
- {{cite web
| last = McDowell
| first = Jonathan
| date = July 15, 2007
| url = http://host.planet4589.org/astro/lunar/
| title = Lunar Nomenclature
| publisher = Jonathan's Space Report
| access-date = 2007-10-24
}}
- {{cite journal| last1 = Menzel| first1 = D. H.| last2 = Minnaert| first2 = M.| last3 = Levin| first3 = B.| last4 = Dollfus| first4 = A.| last5 = Bell| first5 = B.| title = Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU| doi = 10.1007/BF00171763| journal = Space Science Reviews| volume = 12| issue = 2| pages = 136–186| date = 1971| bibcode = 1971SSRv...12..136M| s2cid = 122125855}}
- {{cite book
| first = Patrick
| last = Moore
| author-link = Patrick Moore
| date = 2001
| title = On the Moon
| publisher = Sterling Publishing Co.
| isbn = 978-0-304-35469-6
| url = https://archive.org/details/patrickmooreonmo00patr
}}
- {{cite book
| first = Fred W.
| last = Price
| date = 1988
| title = The Moon Observer's Handbook
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| isbn = 978-0-521-33500-3
}}
- {{cite book
| last = Rükl
| first = Antonín
| author-link = Antonín Rükl
| date = 1990
| title = Atlas of the Moon
| publisher = Kalmbach Books
| isbn = 978-0-913135-17-4
}}
- {{cite book
| last = Webb
| first = Rev. T. W.
| author-link = Thomas William Webb
| date = 1962
| title = Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
| edition = 6th revised
| publisher = Dover
| isbn = 978-0-486-20917-3
| url = https://archive.org/details/celestialobjects00webb
}}
- {{cite book
| first = Ewen A.
| last = Whitaker
| author-link = Ewen Whitaker
| date = 1999
| title = Mapping and Naming the Moon
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| isbn = 978-0-521-62248-6
}}
- {{cite book
| first = Peter T.
| last = Wlasuk
| date = 2000
| title = Observing the Moon
| publisher = Springer
| isbn = 978-1-85233-193-1
}}
{{refend}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [https://the-moon.us/wiki/Hyginus Hyginus at The Moon Wiki]
- {{cite web| last = Wood | first = Chuck | date = November 13, 2007 | url = http://www.lpod.org/?m=20071113 | title = Numbering the Marvels | publisher = Lunar Photo of the Day |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614233616/http://www.lpod.org/?m=20071113 |archive-date=June 14, 2011}}
- {{cite web| last = Wood | first = Chuck | date = November 15, 2007 | url = http://www.lpod.org/?m=20071115 | title = Colorful Interpretation | publisher = Lunar Photo of the Day |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614233616/http://www.lpod.org/?m=20071115|archive-date=June 14, 2011}}
- {{cite web| last = Wood | first = Chuck | date = March 20, 2010 | url = http://lpod.wikispaces.com/March+20%2C+2010 | title = Another Ina? | publisher = Lunar Photo of the Day }}