I-74 Bridge

{{Short description|Bridges across the Mississippi River between Iowa and Illinois}}

{{Infobox Bridge

|bridge_name= Interstate 74 Bridge

|image=2022 I-74 Bridge 01.jpg

|image_size=300px

|caption= New and old bridges in 2022.

|official_name= Iowa-Illinois Memorial Bridge

|also_known_as=

|carries= 8 lanes of {{jct|country=USA|I|74|US|6}}

|crosses= Mississippi River

|locale= Bettendorf, Iowa, and Moline, Illinois

|maint= Iowa Department of Transportation{{cite web | url=https://i74riverbridge.com/about/project_leads.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910125759/http://i74riverbridge.com/about/project_leads.aspx | url-status=usurped | archive-date=September 10, 2017 | title=I-74 River Bridge {{pipe}} About }}

|id=

|design= Twin basket-handle, through arch

|mainspan= 800 ft (244 m)

|length=

|width=

|clearance=

|below=

|traffic= 80,000https://www.helmgroup.com/documents/HelmGroup-Fall2011_CS5.pdf{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

|open= {{Start date and age|2020|11|13}}
(northbound)
{{Start date and age|2021|12|02}}
(southbound)

|closed=

|toll=

|map_cue=

|map_image=

|map_text=

|map_width=

|coordinates= {{coord|41|31|01|N|90|30|38|W|region:US_type:landmark}}

|lat=

|long=

}}

The Interstate 74 Bridge, officially known as the Iowa-Illinois Memorial Bridge, and often called The Twin Bridges, or the I-74 Bridge, are basket-handle, through arch twin bridges that carry Interstate 74 across the Mississippi River and connect Bettendorf, Iowa, and Moline, Illinois. It is located near the geographic center of the Quad Cities. The two bridges were completed in 2020 (Illinois to Iowa span) and 2021 (Iowa to Illinois), replacing two suspension bridges that had opened to traffic in 1935 and 1959; these had become obsolete by the 1990s.

History

{{Infobox Bridge

|bridge_name=I-74 Bridge (original)

|image=File:I-74 Bridge.jpg

|image_size=300px

|caption=The old bridges as seen from the Iowa side of the Mississippi River, before any construction began.

|official_name= Iowa-Illinois Memorial Bridge

|also_known_as=

|carries= 4 lanes of {{jct|country=USA|I|74|US|6}}

|crosses= Mississippi River

|locale= Bettendorf, Iowa and Moline, Illinois

|maint= Iowa Department of Transportation

|id=

|design= twin suspension bridges

|mainspan={{convert|227|m|ft}}

|length= {{convert|3372|ft|m|0}}{{cite web | title = Bridges: Iowa, Illinois order safety inspections| publisher =Quad City Times| url =http://qctimes.com/news/local/bridges-iowa-illinois-order-safety-inspections/article_b0241d1b-06db-5cd7-b58e-35588dccc039.html| date = August 3, 2007| accessdate =December 19, 2007 }}

|width= {{convert|27|ft|m|0}}

|clearance=

|below= Mississippi River

|traffic= 80,000

|toll= Former, abolished December 31, 1969

|open= November 18, 1935 (first span)
December 22, 1959 (second span)

|closed= November 13, 2020

|demolished=2017- mid 2024

|map_cue=

|map_image=

|map_text=

|map_width=

|coordinates= {{coord|41|31|12|N|90|30|48|W|region:US_type:landmark}}

}}

=Original Span=

Before the first span was built, the only bridge in the Tri Cities was the Government Bridge between Rock Island, Illinois, and Davenport, Iowa.{{cite news|url=https://qctimes.com/news/local/bridging-the-past-and-future-a-look-at-how-the-old-and-new-i-74/article_daf23940-5c9f-53c2-a68f-5f56f67f791c.html|title=Bridging the past and future: A look at how the old and new I-74 bridges came to be|newspaper=Quad-City Times|location=Davenport|date=December 26, 2021|accessdate=2021-12-26|author= Brooklyn Draisey}} William P. Bettendorf, founder of the Bettendorf Company and namesake for the city of Bettendorf, began planning a toll bridge between Bettendorf and Moline in 1907. The year before, the United States Congress passed a law allowing private citizens to build a bridge as a business venture. Bettendorf died on June 3, 1910. In 1931, the city of Davenport along with a group of local businessmen formed the Davenport Bridge Commission to construct the new bridge. Moline refused to grant the franchise for the bridge and the early years of the Great Depression made it difficult for the businessmen to finance it on their own without the city's help. In 1927, the idea of this bridge was revived. After several setbacks because of design and location issues, bonds were issued for the building of this new bridge in February 1934. Construction of the bridge began on July 1 of that year. It was designed by engineer Ralph Modjeski. With finishing touches being completed on November 16. The bridge opened on November 18, and tolling began the next day. Tolls were set at 15 cents for passenger vehicles and light trucks, 30 cents for heavy trucks, and 5 cents for pedestrians.https://publications.iowa.gov/19118/1/IADOT_Tallgrass_Price_Iowa_Historic_Property_Study_Iowa-Illinois_Memorial_Bridge_2012.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}

=Twinning=

At the end of World War II, traffic increased substantially on the bridge, prompting studies for a possible widening of the crossing to four lanes.{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sY47MEuW8mE | title=I-74 Bridge Snapshot | website=YouTube | date=January 24, 2017 }} This issue prompted the need to either widen the existing bridge or construct a second one. Because of this, Modjeski and Masters were called in 1951 to study the feasibility of constructing a second twin span. At the completion of these studies, it was determined a second twin span would be the best option.{{cite web | url=https://www.modjeski.com/about/history-timeline/1930-1939/iowa-illinois-memorial-bridge/ | title=Iowa-Illinois Memorial Bridge }} On July 16, 1952, a bill to construct this span was passed under the 82nd Congress, the next day president Harry S. Truman signed the bill into law. While construction was supposed to start in 1956, bidding for a contractor did not start until May 6, 1958. Groundbreaking for the bridge began on July 1, 1958. It was to be constructed as close as possible to the existing span, this was done to avoid demolishing more historic buildings than necessary. By February 1959, the suspender ropes had been completed, and construction of the superstructure commenced.{{Cite news |date=1959-12-31 |title=Ten Traffic Lanes Now Span Mississippi River |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-rock-island-argus-ten-traffic-lanes/151030520/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |work=The Rock Island Argus |pages=31}} The bridge was completed in November 1959, and put into service on December 22 that year. Money from tolls paid for most of the new span. At this point, all traffic was routed onto the new bridge, and the original one was temporarily closed for a extensive reconstruction. New loop ramps were constructed on the Bettendorf approach to allow for increased traffic to more adequately cross the bridge. In Moline, land was cleared for a new approach that carried traffic to 19th Street and 3rd Street, the old approach had only carried traffic to 20th Street and 3rd Street. Because of this, the patterns of that part of the city were altered to increase the flow of the ever increasing traffic.https://blogs.davenportlibrary.com/sc/2014/01/22/spanning-the-years-the-iowa-illinois-memorial-bridge/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}} The upstream span, the older of the two,{{citation|title=I-74 Bridge|url=https://bridgehunter.com/ia/scott/47280/|accessdate=2021-12-03|publisher=bridgehunter.com|author=}} reopened to westbound traffic on July 1, 1960. On January 20, 1961, the new span was dedicated, its plaque laid on the same pedestal as the original 1935 spans, which had been relocated to sit near the new span. Unlike the first span, the second span was dedicated to Iowa and Illinois soldiers who died in both world wars, as opposed to only the Great War.

=Upgrade to interstate standards=

In 1965, plans to purchase the bridge were made by the US government, who wanted to route I-74 over them. The Davenport Bridge commission had hoped that the Government would have let them continue charging tolls on the bridge, however, they did not, and a deal was struck that when enough toll money was collected, the bridge would be rehabilitated and reconstructed to interstate standards. When this goal was met, the US government bought the bridges on December 31, 1969, and work began on the project in November 1971, with the removal of the toll plazas.{{cite web | url=https://qctimes.com/news/local/barb-ickes/the-big-story-the-hidden-underbelly-of-the-i-74-bridge/article_4d281cb0-075a-5ac8-a32a-31e5090ce0ef.html | title=The Big Story: The hidden underbelly of the I-74 bridge | date=March 25, 2017 }} After this word began on replacing the guardrails and removing the sidewalks from the westbound span, removing the toll plaza and toll offices, and demolishing the approaches and replacing them with new elevated ramps. The road capacity was temporarily restored to two lanes as reconstruction work required the closure of one span at a time. Completion of the project was delayed due to funding issues caused by the Vietnam War. The Bridges were reopened on November 26, 1974, and I-74 was finally routed over the bridges by December 10, 1975, at which point Iowa DOT and Illinois DOT took control of the bridge. Also around this time, the plaque was relocated again to sit next to the 1935 span once more. In addition, its pedestal memorialized veterans of the Korean and Vietnam Wars as well.

=Issues and replacement=

File:2019 I-74 Bridge construction 01.jpg

Built for a daily crossing of 48,000 vehicles, in its later years the daily average grew to 80,000, making it by far the most traveled bridge in the Quad Cities. In 1994, the Illinois Department of Transportation had requested a study of bridges from the Fred Schwengel Memorial Bridge to Sergeant John F. Baker Jr. Bridge in the Quad Cities and the Bi-State Regional Commission agreed. The other two Interstate bridges were up to Interstate standards, while the Interstate 74 Bridge was functionally obsolete and not built to Interstate standards, as both of them predated I-74's routing through the area. Each span had two narrow lanes, no shoulder, and a {{convert|50|mph|km/h|adj=on}} speed limit. Additionally, by the 2010s, both bridge's had become structurally deficient, requiring constant maintenance to keep in service.https://www.aisc.org/globalassets/nsba/conference-proceedings/2014/mcdonald---2014-wsbs-final.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}} While on a tour at the base of the bridge in Bettendorf in May 2012, U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood said that, in comparison with other bridges that he has seen in other states, the I-74 Bridge is one of the worst he's seen.[https://www.kwqc.com/story/18319551/funding-back-for-i-74-bridge Funding Back For I-74 Bridge - KWQC-TV6 News and Weather For The Quad Cities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517172420/https://www.kwqc.com/story/18319551/funding-back-for-i-74-bridge |date=May 17, 2012 }}{{cite web |url=https://schilling.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=295165 |title=Schilling, Loebsack Applaud the Illinois DOT's Decision to Fund I-74 Bridge {{pipe}} Congressman Bobby Schilling |access-date=May 27, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625021140/https://schilling.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=295165|archive-date=June 25, 2012 }} Because of this, The I-74 Corridor Study was completed to study replacing the old spans with larger ones that had 4 lanes each. The study claimed that the I-74 Bridge project would spur economic growth, create construction jobs, reduce traffic backups, and improve air quality. Funding for the construction of the new bridge had been earmarked for $22 million in 2017 and $50 million in 2018. Former Illinois Governor Pat Quinn said the state is committed to bridge improvements to help traffic flow and "boost economic growth in the region". By 2012, the Illinois Department of Transportation budgeted more than $34 million for engineering, design, and land acquisition for the new bridge. The conceptual design of the arch bridge was completed by CH2M Hill and Boston-based bridge designer Miguel Rosales from Rosales + Partners. Final design was completed by Modjeski and Masters in association with Alfred Benesch & Company. The portion of the bridge spanning the Mississippi River was estimated at more than $700 million, while the project as a whole, including all approach routes and connectors, was estimated at $1.2 billion. A ground-breaking ceremony for the new bridge was held on June 26, 2017. By 2019, construction on the new westbound span was long underway, however it required demolition of the existing eastbound viaduct in Moline.{{cite web | url=https://qconline.com/news/local/illinois-eyes-new-interstate-bridge-in-rock-island-county-state/article_b84f301b-b776-5f93-8135-f76ba1719052.html#4 | title=Illinois eyes new Interstate 80 bridge in Rock Island County. State plans to double spending on roads, bridges | date=October 21, 2019 }} The new bridge was expected to be completed in 2020.{{cite news|url=https://www.qconline.com/news/local/i--bridge-replacement-project-applauded-by-q-c-state/article_e1b3e86e-6495-5dcd-a2ce-91284e3c51fd.html|title=I-74 bridge replacement project applauded by Q-C, state leaders|newspaper=The Dispatch / The Rock Island Argus|location=East Moline|date=June 26, 2017|accessdate=2019-10-22|author=Staff report}}

On November 13, 2020, the Iowa-bound side of the new bridge opened to motorists,{{cite news |last1=Trix |first1=Herb |title=Half of New I-74 Bridge Ready to Open |url=https://www.wvik.org/post/half-new-i-74-bridge-ready-open |accessdate=November 12, 2020 |publisher=WVIK|location=Rock Island|language=en}} the old bridges were then permanently closed, and construction on the new eastbound bridge commenced. The bridge was officially dedicated on December 1, 2021. Speakers included Congresswoman Cheri Bustos, Illinois Governor J. B. Pritzker and other state and local officials from both Illinois and Iowa.{{cite news|url=https://qctimes.com/news/local/spanning-the-ages-thousands-celebrate-the-new-i-74-bridges/article_092259a9-e2b4-5053-b3b2-b9908197219d.html|title=Spanning the ages: Thousands celebrate the new I-74 bridges|newspaper=Quad-City Times|location=Davenport|date=December 2, 2021|accessdate=2021-12-03|author=Barb Ickes}} The second span for Illinois-bound traffic was opened the following evening.{{cite news|url=https://qctimes.com/news/local/illinois-bound-span-of-i-74-bridge-now-open-to-traffic/article_98fb62bf-cdd9-5fe1-ab38-c1dd1660a919.html|title=Illinois-bound span of I-74 bridge now open to traffic|newspaper=Quad-City Times|location=Davenport|date=December 3, 2021|accessdate=2021-12-03|author=Staff report}} The pedestrian and bike path was opened on April 27, 2022.{{cite news|url=https://www.kwqc.com/2022/04/27/i-74-bike-pedestrian-path-open-by-end-april/|title=I-74 bike and pedestrian paths now open|publisher=KWQC-TV|location=Davenport|date=April 27, 2022|accessdate=2022-05-01|author=KWQC Staff}} An elevator up to the walkway in Bettendorf has yet to be completed.

=Demolition of the old spans=

File:I-74 Bridge deconstruction.jpg

On June 9, 2022, demolition of the last approach viaducts was deemed mostly complete.{{cite web | url=https://www.wqad.com/article/news/local/old-i74-bridge-landspan-torn-down-local-company-qc-crane/526-78ddd810-df7b-45d9-9189-80f85fabaabf | title=Out with the old, thanks to the new: Crews demolish final Illinois land span of old I-74 bridge | date=June 9, 2022 }} The contract for deconstructing the suspension bridges was awarded in September 2022 to the Helm Group, the company who had a part in constructing the new viaducts in downtown Bettendorf. Because it would be taken down piece-by-piece, demolition of the old bridge was not expected to be completed until early 2024.{{cite news|url=https://www.kwqc.com/2022/09/20/old-i-74-bridge-be-dismantled-piece-by-piece/|title=Old I-74 bridge to be dismantled piece-by-piece|publisher=KWQC-TV|location=Davenport|date=September 27, 2022|accessdate=2022-09-20|author=KWQC Staff}} On May 17, 2023, it was announced that the towers and cables on the Illinois-bound side of the old bridge would be demolished using explosive charges. The demolition would take place on a Sunday morning between June or July, though the exact date was not revealed.{{cite news |last1=O'Neill |first1=Michelle |title=Helm to Use Explosives to Demolish Towers of Old I-74 Bridges |url=https://www.wvik.org/wvik-top-stories/2023-05-17/helm-to-use-explosives-to-demolish-towers-of-old-i-74-bridges |access-date=18 May 2023 |work=WVIK, Quad Cities NPR |date=17 May 2023 |language=en}} On June 18, 2023, the trusses of the deckless Illinois bound span were detonated with explosives, leaving only a small part of the bottom superstructure to be removed in a future demolition.{{cite web | title=Demolition of Old I-74 Bridge Towers & Cables | website=WVIK, Quad Cities NPR | date=20 June 2023 | url=https://www.wvik.org/wvik-top-stories/2023-06-20/demolition-of-old-i-74-bridge-towers-cables | access-date=26 June 2023}} By July 2023, the Iowa bound bridge's superstructure had been fully removed, its steel was then sold as scrap metal.{{cite web | url=https://qctimes.com/news/local/history/after-88-years-over-mississippi-river-old-i-74-bridge-is-all-but-gone/article_d91089b6-db53-573c-87d2-b980eed2996d.html | title=After 88 years over Mississippi River, old I-74 bridge is all but gone | date=July 14, 2023 }} On August 27, 2023, the Iowa bound trusses were also blasted, in addition to the implosion of the Illinois bound piers.{{cite web | last=Hipskind | first=Jenny | title=Old I-74 bridge span comes crashing and splashing down | website=wqad.com | date=27 August 2023 | url=https://www.wqad.com/article/news/local/old-i-74-bridge-span-comes-crashing-splashing-down/526-274ed7a3-4b6f-4ca6-9d65-5b40bb1127d2 | access-date=28 August 2023}} The third detonation occurred on October 15, with the Iowa bound piers being imploded.{{Citation |title=Underwater implosion takes out old I-74 Bridge piers | date=October 15, 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqq4FxY6W60 |access-date=2024-02-08 |language=en}} The fourth and final implosion occurred in the early hours of February 18, 2024, with the Illinois sides anchorage being impolded.{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtVb9kvTMsw | title=Fourth and final old I-74 bridge demolition takes place Sunday | website=YouTube | date=February 18, 2024 }} One of each of the original piers was left in place at the back segment of the channel. Lights have been installed to reduce the likelihood of collision.{{cite web | url=https://iowacapitaldispatch.com/2023/02/17/demolition-of-the-i-74-mississippi-river-bridge-is-a-big-complex-task/ | title=Demolition of the I-74 Mississippi River bridge is a big, complex task • Iowa Capital Dispatch | date=February 17, 2023 }}