ICAR Comercial
{{short description|1930s German aircraft}}
| {{Infobox Aircraft Begin
|name =I.C.A.R. 36 Comercial |image = file:ICAR-Comercial-0820.jpg |caption = }}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |type =Passenger aircraft |manufacturer =Întreprinderea de Construcții Aeronautice Românești (ICAR) | national origin=Germany & Romania |designer = Willy Messerschmitt |first flight = 1934 |introduced = 1936 |retired = |status = |primary user =LARES |more users = |produced = |unit cost = |variants with their own articles = }} |
The ICAR 36 / ICAR Comercial (sic), variously also known as the ICAR M 36, Messerschmitt M 36 or BFW M.36, was a Messerschmitt design built and tested by the Romanian company ICAR in the mid-1930s. It was a small, single-engine high-wing airliner, the first civil transport aircraft built in Romania.
Design & development
In April 1933, Erhard Milch, previously head of Deutsche Luft Hansa, was appointed Secretary of State for Air. Relations between Milch and Willy Messerschmitt had been bad ever since the cancellation and later re-ordering of the BFW M.20 by Luft Hansa, and the future of orders for BFW looked bleak. That summer, a visit was made to Romania, where an order was placed by Întreprinderea de Construcții Aeronautice Românești (ICAR) for the design of a small airliner, to be built by them in Romania. ICAR designated it the ICAR 36; Messerschmitt, working at BFW referred to it as the M 36.{{cite book |title= Messerschmitt an aircraft album|last=Smith|first = J Richard|year =1971|publisher = Ian Allan|location = London|isbn=0-7110-0224-X}}
Description
The ICAR 36 was a high-wing cantilever monoplane of mixed construction, with a closed cockpit, single engine, and fixed landing gear. It had a welded steel tube fuselage, covered with plywood, and tapered single-spar, plywood-covered wings. The crew of two sat in the cockpit, forward of the wing, which was equipped with a radio and could be fitted with twin controls. The cabin for six passengers, with wide rectangular windows and access doors at the rear, was aft and below the cockpit / wings. There were also two baggage compartments.
One aircraft (YR-ACS) was built, later modified with a cabin for five passengers and two luggage compartments. Initially intended to be powered by a licence-built {{convert|450|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Gnome & Rhône 7K radial engine, the aircraft was eventually fitted with a {{convert|380|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Armstrong Siddeley Serval I ten-cylinder radial engine in a NACA cowling., which was, in turn, replaced with a {{convert|300|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Lorraine 7M Mizar 47, driving a three-bladed propeller. The fixed landing gear was supported by long faired vertical struts to the wings, with teardrop spats over the mainwheels and a tailwheel at the end of the fuselage.
A tri-motor development was planned, but not realized.
Operational history
Operators
;{{flag|Romania}}
Specifications (I.C.A.R. 36 Comercial)
{{Aircraft specs
|prime units?=met
|genhide=
|crew=two
|capacity=six / {{convert|960|kg|abbr=on}} payload
|length m=9.8
|length ft=
|length in=
|length note=
|span m=15.4
|span ft=
|span in=
|span note=
|height m=2.8
|height ft=
|height in=
|height note=
|wing area sqm=155
|wing area sqft=
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=1320
|empty weight lb=
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=2250
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Armstrong Siddeley Serval I
|eng1 type=10-cyl. double-row air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng1 kw=
|eng1 hp=340
|eng1 shp=
|eng1 kn=
|eng1 lbf=
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|power original=
|thrust original=
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|max speed kmh=235
|max speed mph=
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|max speed note=
|max speed mach=
|cruise speed kmh=220
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=89
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|range km=700
|range miles=
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|ceiling m=4500
|ceiling ft=
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}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite book |last=Gugju |first=Ion |title=Romanian Aeronautical Constructions 1905 – 1974 |location=Brasov |author2=Gheorghe Iacobescu |author3=ovidiu Ionescu }}
External links
{{commons category|ICAR Comercial}}
- [http://www.airwar.ru/enc/cw1/icarcomercial.html Photos and drawings at Ugolok Neba site]
{{Messerschmitt aircraft}}
{{ICAR aircraft}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Icar Comercial}}
Category:1930s Romanian airliners
Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft