ID2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) family, members of which are transcriptional regulators that contain a helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain but not a basic domain. Members of the ID family inhibit the functions of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in a dominant-negative manner by suppressing their heterodimerization partners through the HLH domains. This protein may play a role in negatively regulating cell differentiation. A pseudogene has been identified for this gene.{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ID2 inhibitor of DNA binding 2, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3398}}

The ID2 protein may play a role in the development and resistance to therapies of glioblastoma, the most aggressive of brain cancers.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee SB, Frattini V, Bansal M, Castano AM, Sherman D, Hutchinson K, Bruce JN, Califano A, Liu G, Cardozo T, Iavarone A, Lasorella A | title = An ID2-dependent mechanism for VHL inactivation in cancer | journal = Nature | volume = 529 | issue = 7585 | pages = 172–177 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 26735018 | pmc = 5384647 | doi = 10.1038/nature16475 | bibcode = 2016Natur.529..172L }}

ID2 has been shown to interact with MyoD{{cite journal | vauthors = Langlands K, Yin X, Anand G, Prochownik EV | title = Differential interactions of Id proteins with basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 32 | pages = 19785–19793 | date = August 1997 | pmid = 9242638 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.32.19785 | doi-access = free }} and NEDD9.{{cite journal | vauthors = Law SF, Zhang YZ, Fashena SJ, Toby G, Estojak J, Golemis EA | title = Dimerization of the docking/adaptor protein HEF1 via a carboxy-terminal helix-loop-helix domain | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 252 | issue = 1 | pages = 224–235 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10502414 | doi = 10.1006/excr.1999.4609 }}

• Inhibitor of DNA-binding protein

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Biggs J, Murphy EV, Israel MA | title = A human Id-like helix-loop-helix protein expressed during early development | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 89 | issue = 4 | pages = 1512–1516 | date = February 1992 | pmid = 1741406 | pmc = 48481 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.89.4.1512 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 1992PNAS...89.1512B }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Iavarone A, Garg P, Lasorella A, Hsu J, Israel MA | title = The helix-loop-helix protein Id-2 enhances cell proliferation and binds to the retinoblastoma protein | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 8 | issue = 11 | pages = 1270–1284 | date = June 1994 | pmid = 7926730 | doi = 10.1101/gad.8.11.1270 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 171–174 | date = January 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kurabayashi M, Jeyaseelan R, Kedes L | title = Two distinct cDNA sequences encoding the human helix-loop-helix protein Id2 | journal = Gene | volume = 133 | issue = 2 | pages = 305–306 | date = November 1993 | pmid = 8224921 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90658-P }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Mathew S, Chen W, Murty VV, Benezra R, Chaganti RS | title = Chromosomal assignment of human ID1 and ID2 genes | journal = Genomics | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 385–387 | date = November 1995 | pmid = 8586447 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1995.0037 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Lasorella A, Iavarone A, Israel MA | title = Id2 specifically alters regulation of the cell cycle by tumor suppressor proteins | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 6 | pages = 2570–2578 | date = June 1996 | pmid = 8649364 | pmc = 231247 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.16.6.2570 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Hara E, Hall M, Peters G | title = Cdk2-dependent phosphorylation of Id2 modulates activity of E2A-related transcription factors | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 332–342 | date = January 1997 | pmid = 9029153 | pmc = 1169639 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/16.2.332 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Langlands K, Yin X, Anand G, Prochownik EV | title = Differential interactions of Id proteins with basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 32 | pages = 19785–19793 | date = August 1997 | pmid = 9242638 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.32.19785 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S | title = Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library | journal = Gene | volume = 200 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 149–156 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9373149 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Yates PR, Atherton GT, Deed RW, Norton JD, Sharrocks AD | title = Id helix-loop-helix proteins inhibit nucleoprotein complex formation by the TCF ETS-domain transcription factors | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 968–976 | date = February 1999 | pmid = 10022839 | pmc = 1171189 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/18.4.968 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Yokota Y, Mansouri A, Mori S, Sugawara S, Adachi S, Nishikawa S, Gruss P | title = Development of peripheral lymphoid organs and natural killer cells depends on the helix-loop-helix inhibitor Id2 | journal = Nature | volume = 397 | issue = 6721 | pages = 702–706 | date = February 1999 | pmid = 10067894 | doi = 10.1038/17812 | s2cid = 4428856 | bibcode = 1999Natur.397..702Y }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Law SF, Zhang YZ, Fashena SJ, Toby G, Estojak J, Golemis EA | title = Dimerization of the docking/adaptor protein HEF1 via a carboxy-terminal helix-loop-helix domain | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 252 | issue = 1 | pages = 224–235 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10502414 | doi = 10.1006/excr.1999.4609 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Moldes M, Boizard M, Liepvre XL, Fève B, Dugail I, Pairault J | title = Functional antagonism between inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) and adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (ADD1/SREBP-1c) trans-factors for the regulation of fatty acid synthase promoter in adipocytes | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 344 | issue = Pt 3 | pages = 873–880 | date = December 1999 | pmid = 10585876 | pmc = 1220711 | doi = 10.1042/0264-6021:3440873 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Liu J, Shi W, Warburton D | title = A cysteine residue in the helix-loop-helix domain of Id2 is critical for homodimerization and function | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 273 | issue = 3 | pages = 1042–1047 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 10891368 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3055 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Lasorella A, Noseda M, Beyna M, Yokota Y, Iavarone A | title = Id2 is a retinoblastoma protein target and mediates signalling by Myc oncoproteins | journal = Nature | volume = 407 | issue = 6804 | pages = 592–598 | date = October 2000 | pmid = 11034201 | doi = 10.1038/35036504 | s2cid = 4335368 | bibcode = 2000Natur.407..592L }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Roberts EC, Deed RW, Inoue T, Norton JD, Sharrocks AD | title = Id helix-loop-helix proteins antagonize pax transcription factor activity by inhibiting DNA binding | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 21 | issue = 2 | pages = 524–533 | date = January 2001 | pmid = 11134340 | pmc = 86614 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.2.524-533.2001 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Wang S, Sdrulla A, Johnson JE, Yokota Y, Barres BA | title = A role for the helix-loop-helix protein Id2 in the control of oligodendrocyte development | journal = Neuron | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 603–614 | date = March 2001 | pmid = 11301021 | doi = 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00237-9 | s2cid = 7978661 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Wong J, Funes-Duran M, Ahlberg J, Round J, O'Connell R, Miller R, Chen E, Richmond PA, Vierra CA | title = Characterization of a basic helix-loop-helix protein, ABF-1: nuclear localization, transcriptional properties, and interaction with Id-2 | journal = DNA and Cell Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 8 | pages = 465–471 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11560778 | doi = 10.1089/104454901316976091 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki H, Fukunishi Y, Kagawa I, Saito R, Oda H, Endo T, Kondo S, Bono H, Okazaki Y, Hayashizaki Y | title = Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs | journal = Genome Research | volume = 11 | issue = 10 | pages = 1758–1765 | date = October 2001 | pmid = 11591653 | pmc = 311163 | doi = 10.1101/gr.180101 }}

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• {{MeshName|ID2+protein,+human}}
• {{PDBe-KB2|Q02363|DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2}}

{{NLM content}}

{{Transcription factors|g1}}

Category:Transcription factors

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