INSAS rifle#Variant .26 Developments

File:Indian soldiers in combat during operation vijay.jpg.]]

The development of the INSAS began in the mid-1980s, when the Indian Army released a general staff qualitative requirement for a new assault rifle to replace locally produced licensed copies"UK and Commonwealth FALs, by R. Blake Stevens, Collector Grade Publications, 1980, pages 231-233 of the L1A1 self-loading rifles,{{cite book|author=Charles Q. Cutshaw|title=Tactical Small Arms of the 21st Century: A Complete Guide to Small Arms From Around the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=npHP9aV5rBgC&pg=PA207|access-date=28 May 2014|date=28 February 2011|publisher=Gun Digest Books|isbn=978-1-4402-2482-9|page=207|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708204055/http://books.google.com/books?id=npHP9aV5rBgC&pg=PA207|archive-date=8 July 2014|url-status=live}} which the Army was using since 1961.{{Cite book|last1=Johnston|first1=Gary Paul|title=The World's Assault Rifles|last2=Nelson|first2=Thomas B.|date=15 December 2016 |publisher=Ironside International Publishers, Inc.|isbn=9781619846012}} The new assault rifle was to chamber it in 5.56×45mm NATO, unlike the L1A1 SLR rifle which is chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO.

After studying a number of designs, the Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE) in Pune undertook the task to design and develop India's first assault rifle. The development and user trials of the new rifle – INSAS was completed by 1989 and entered into service in 1990.{{cite book|author=John Walter|title=Rifles of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eq2Dnj4sDZIC&pg=PA210|access-date=28 May 2014|date=25 March 2006|publisher=Krause Publications|isbn=0-89689-241-7|pages=209–210|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708204553/http://books.google.com/books?id=Eq2Dnj4sDZIC&pg=PA210|archive-date=8 July 2014|url-status=live}}

Originally, three variants were planned in the INSAS system, a rifle, a carbine and a squad automatic weapon (SAW) or Light machine gun (LMG). In 1997, the rifle and the LMG went into mass production. In 1998, the first INSAS rifles were displayed at the republic day parade. The introduction of the rifle was delayed due to the lack of adequate 5.56×45mm ammunition, large quantities of the same were bought from Israel Military Industries.

The first combat use of the rifle was during the Kargil War in 1999.{{cite news|title=INSAS-weary army shops for new infantry arms|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/article1381326.ece|access-date=28 May 2014|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=16 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529054154/http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/article1381326.ece|archive-date=29 May 2014|url-status=dead}}

The INSAS rifle saw limited use in the Indian Army's counter-insurgency operations in Jammu and Kashmir,{{Cite news|title=INSAS rifles to retire; to be replaced by imported weapons|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/insas-rifles-to-retire-to-be-replaced-by-imported-weapons/articleshow/57479154.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-10-22}} but was extensively used by Central Armed Police Forces in combating Maoist insurgency.{{Cite web|date=2009-01-19|title=Tihar Jail seeks more lethal rifles to thwart terror strike|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/tihar-jail-seeks-more-lethal-rifles-to-thwart-terror-strike/story-uKRroMqyhKX970SouIxuRK.html|access-date=2021-10-22|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}

The INSAS assault rifles are being replaced in the army with the AK-203 assault rifles{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/joint-venture-for-ak-203-rifles-factory-at-amethi-was-the-fastest-ever-created-with-russia/articleshow/70144865.cms?from=mdr|title=Joint venture for AK 203 rifles factory at Amethi was the 'fastest ever' created with Russia|first=Manu|last=Pubby|date=9 July 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times}} and the SIG 716i designated marksman rifles.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/indian-army-gets-new-american-assault-rifles-in-kashmir-valley-against-terrorists-pak-army-on-loc20191211084805/|title=Indian Army gets new American assault rifles in Kashmir Valley against terrorists, Pakistan Army on LoC|date=11 December 2019|via=ANI}} The LMG variant is being replaced with the IWI Negev.{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/defence-ministry-signs-contract-for-16479-light-machine-guns-for-frontline-troops-with-israel-weapons-industries/articleshow/74716149.cms?from=mdr|title=Defence Ministry signs contract for 16,479 Light Machine Guns for frontline troops with Israel Weapons Industries|first=Shaurya Karanbir|last=Gurung|date=19 March 2020|newspaper=The Economic Times}}

However, these rifles will remain in service with the police and other paramilitary forces and are being used as a replacement for the decades old bolt action Ishapore 2A1 rifles.{{Cite web|last=Qureshi|first=Siraj|date=29 November 2019|title=UP Police retires 20th century rifles after 70 years of service|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/uttar-pradesh-police-rifles-lee-enfield-out-of-service-retire-1623806-2019-11-29|access-date=2021-10-26|website=India Today|language=en}}

The INSAS is primarily based on the AKM but incorporates features from other rifles. It has a chrome-plated bore. The barrel has a six-groove rifling. The basic gas operated long stroke piston and the rotating bolt are similar to the AKM/AK-47.

File:Training_in_India_(31552736368).jpg

It has a manual gas regulator, similar to that of FN FAL, and a gas cutoff for launching grenades. The charging handle is on the left instead of on the bolt carrier, similar in operation to the HK33. The fire selector is placed on the left side of the receiver above the pistol grip, it can be set to semi–auto, three round burst and full auto. To set it to safe, the selector has to be rotated all the way up, which will block the sear and prevent the rifle from firing. It has three modes of fire – semi-automatic, three-round burst and full automatic modes.

The cyclic rate averages at 650 rpm. The rear sight lies on one end of the breech cover and is calibrated to 400 meters.

The furniture is either made of wood or polymer. The polymer butt and forend assemblies differ from the AKM and are more similar to that of IMI Galil. Some variants have a folding butt. A bayonet can also be attached to it.

The guns take 20- or 30-round magazines; they are made like the Steyr AUG and are made out of polymer. The 30-round magazine is made for the LMG version, but can be also used in the rifle. The flash suppressor also accepts NATO-specification rifle grenades.

Factory-made brass catchers can be installed on the INSAS to collect used brass, although there are reports of improvised brass catchers made from used bottles and wire mesh.{{cite web|url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/03/20/indian-militarys-improvised-brass-catchers/|title=Indian Military's Improvised Brass-Catchers|date=20 March 2017|website=thefirearmblog.com|author=Miles|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809222104/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/03/20/indian-militarys-improvised-brass-catchers/|archive-date=9 August 2024|url-status=live}}

In 2023, it was reported that Star Aerospace has offered parts for modernizing INSAS rifles, which are approved by the Ministry of Home Affairs.{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/what-indian-security-forces-are-doing-to-meet-the-need-for-more-assault-rifles-2458947-2023-11-06 | title=What Indian security forces are doing to meet the need for more assault rifles | date=6 November 2023 }} Among the upgrades included by SA consist of picatinny rails for sights and attachments, folding stock and rubber fore and pistol grips.{{cite web | url=https://www.staraerospace.org/product-page/insas-rifle-lmg | title=INSAS Rifle/LMG }}

The INSAS assault rifle was battle tested in the 1999 Kargil War. The three month long war was fought in the high altitudes of the Himalayas,{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Danvir|title=Indian Defence Review|publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC|date=4 September 2015|isbn=9781940988207}} where temperature would go as low as –20 degrees Celsius.{{Cite web|date=2018-01-03|title=Bone chilling cold in Kargil, minimum settles at -20 degrees Celsius|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/kargil-slips-into-deep-freeze-at-minus-20-6/999724/|access-date=2021-10-20|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}

During the conflict, the rifle encountered some problems such as occasional often serious stoppage, cracking of polymer magazine due to the cold weather and some other reliability issues such as firing in full auto when set for 3 shot burst. Similar complaints were also received from the Nepalese Army. In the Kargil war, neither the INSAS proved reliable nor the Army was satisfied with the new rifle.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

The Indian Army, which was used to the 7.62×51mm NATO round for almost three decades, was dissatisfied with the stopping power of 5.56×45mm NATO rounds.

{{multiple image

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The standard issue rifle is produced in select fire (semi-automatic & 3-round burst) version{{cite web | url=https://modernfirearms.net/en/assault-rifles/india-assault-rifles/insas-eng/ | title=INSAS assault rifle | date=27 October 2010 }} A telescopic sight and a passive night sight are available for the weapon system. It has a bayonet mount and furniture featuring mounting capabilities for the ARDE Under Barrel Grenade Launcher.{{Cite web|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/40mm-under-barrel-grenade-launcher-ubgl|title=40mm Under Barrel Grenade Launcher (UBGL) | Defence Research and Development Organisation - DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Government of India}} The rifle is equipped with an adjustable gas block regulator which, when flipped up, acts as an iron sight for a 40mm grenade launcher.

The flash suppressor has a blank-firing adaptor.{{cite web|title=Rifle 5.56 mm INSAS (Fixed Butt)|url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/11.htm|publisher=Ordnance Factories Board|access-date=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930044510/http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/11.htm|archive-date=30 September 2013|url-status=dead}} Additional furniture for the rifle is made offering a folding stock.{{cite web|title=5.56 mm INSAS Rifle (Foldable Butt)|url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/12.htm|publisher=Ordnance Factories Board|access-date=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930044731/http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/12.htm|archive-date=30 September 2013|url-status=live}}

It is being replaced in Indian service by the AK-203.

The AR has four subvariants:{{cite web|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/65176/1/16_Defence_20.pdf|title=Standing Committee on Defence (2015-2016)|publisher=Ministry of Defence|website=eparlib.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627231515/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/65176/1/16_Defence_20.pdf|archive-date=27 June 2024|url-status=live}}

• INSAS 1A
• INSAS 1A1
• INSAS 1B
• INSAS 1B1: Further improved variant introduced in 2001 based on Indian Army feedback.{{cite news|title=Hunt on for new generation assault rifles; upgraded INSAS not a replacement|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/hunt-on-for-new-generation-assault-rifles-upgraded-insas-not-a-replacement/articleshow/50387635.cms|access-date=22 February 2016|work=The Economic Times|date=31 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330023219/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/hunt-on-for-new-generation-assault-rifles-upgraded-insas-not-a-replacement/articleshow/50387635.cms|archive-date=30 March 2016|url-status=live}}

The LMG (Light Machine Gun) differs from the standard rifle in possessing a longer range of 700 m, as compared to 400 m range for their assault rifle counterparts. It has a longer and heavier barrel with revised rifling and bipod. The LMG version uses 30-round magazines and can also accept the 20-round INSAS AR magazine. This platform features select fire between semi-automatic and fully automatic.{{cite web|title=LMG 5.56 mm INSAS (Fixed Butt)|url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/13.htm|publisher=Ordnance Factories Board|access-date=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930044841/http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/13.htm|archive-date=30 September 2013|url-status=live}} Furniture is also made for the weapon system allowing for a folding stock.{{cite web|title=LMG 5.56 mm INSAS (Foldable Butt)|url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/14.htm|access-date=29 May 2014|publisher=Ordnance Factories Board|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930044824/http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/14.htm|archive-date=30 September 2013|url-status=live}}

The LMG will be replaced with the IWI Negev Ng7.{{Cite web|url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/india-orders-iwis-negev-7-62|title=India orders IWI's Negev 7.62|first=Olga|last=Ruzhelnyk|date=24 March 2020}}

{{Main|Excalibur rifle}}

{{main|Amogh carbine}}

The Kalantak micro-assault rifle, with a range of 300 m, is for close combat and personnel defence weapon roles.{{cite web|title=Kalantak Micro Assault Rifle|url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/add_32.htm|access-date=29 May 2014|publisher=Ordnance Factories Board|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930044531/http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/add_32.htm|archive-date=30 September 2013|url-status=live}}

Lieutenant Colonel Prasad Bansod, of Army School Mhow reverse-engineered an INSAS rifle to produce a bullpup carbine variant.{{Cite web|last=Siddiqui|first=Huma|date=2021-01-14|title=Meet Lt Col Prasad Bansod: Infantry School officer behind India's first indigenously Developed 9mm Machine Pistol|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/meet-lt-col-prasad-bansod-infantry-school-officer-behind-indias-first-indigenously-developed-9mm-machine-pistol/2171014/|access-date=2021-01-15|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}} Lt. Col. Bansod caught the attention of high-ranking Indian Army officers when he made the rifle in 2019.{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/the-indian-army-s-general-kalashnikov-gives-it-a-new-9-mm-sub-machine-gun-1759202-2021-01-14 | title=The Indian Army's 'General Kalashnikov' gives it a new 9 mm sub-machine gun | date=14 January 2021 }}

He reportedly did this in his spare time. The rifle was only made as a prototype example.

File:INSAS Users.png

• {{flag|Bhutan}}: Used by the Royal Bhutan Army.{{cite book |author1=Reetika Sharma, Ramvir Goria, Vivek Mishra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eOiXLCWUiB4C&pg=PA128 |title=India and the Dynamics of World Politics: A book on Indian Foreign Policy, Related events and International Organizations |author2=Sharma Reetika |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-317-3291-5 |page=128 |access-date=29 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708205247/http://books.google.com/books?id=eOiXLCWUiB4C&pg=PA128 |archive-date=8 July 2014 |url-status=live}}
• {{Flag|Eswatini}}{{Cite web |title=INSAS Assault Rifle | Military-Today.com |url=http://www.military-today.com/firearms/insas.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520204535/http://www.military-today.com/firearms/insas.htm |archive-date=20 May 2019 |access-date=18 March 2019}}
• {{flag|India}}: Assault rifle and LMG variants in use.
• Indian Armed Forces, to be replaced by 670,000 AK-203 rifles and 72,400 SIG-716i Patrol rifles as per the latest contract.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-to-sign-mou-for-ak-203-assault-rifles-in-a-month/article30486064.ece|title=Army to sign MoU for AK-203 assault rifles in a month|first=Dinakar|last=Peri|newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 January 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}{{Cite magazine|author=Manjeet Singh Negi |date=July 12, 2020 |title=Army to place order for 72,000 more Sig716 assault rifles from US|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/army-to-place-order-for-72-000-more-sig716-assault-rifles-from-us-1699762-2020-07-12|access-date=2020-07-12|magazine=India Today|language=en}} INSAS LMGs using 5.56×45mm to be replaced by IWI Negev NG5, and the ones using 7.62×51mm will be replaced by the IWI Negev NG7 as per latest contract for 16,479 NG7s.
• Border Security Force{{cite web | url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/bsf-deploys-female-soldiers-at-line-of-control-for-first-time-683250 | title=India: Border Security Force deploys female soldiers at Line of Control for first time | date=24 January 2024 }}
• Central Armed Police Forces{{cite news|title=Anti-Naxal operations: CRPF prefers AK rifles to INSAS, bulk purchase on cards|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/anti-naxal-operations-crpf-prefers-ak-rifles-to-insas-bulk-purchase-on-cards/|access-date=29 May 2014|date=4 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523235400/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/anti-naxal-operations-crpf-prefers-ak-rifles-to-insas-bulk-purchase-on-cards/|archive-date=23 May 2014|url-status=live}}
• Central Industrial Security Force{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/centre-sanctions-armed-cisf-cover-for-surat-airport/articleshow/76385788.cms?from=mdr | title=Centre sanctions armed CISF cover for Surat airport | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=15 June 2020 }}
• State Police Services{{cite news|title=INSAS rifles to give police more fire power|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/INSAS-rifles-to-give-police-more-fire-power/articleshow/4777866.cms|access-date=29 May 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=15 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231182902/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/INSAS-rifles-to-give-police-more-fire-power/articleshow/4777866.cms|archive-date=31 December 2016|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=.303 rifles replaced with INSAS: JH police|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/-303-rifles-replaced-with-insas-jh-police-112091100353_1.html|access-date=29 May 2014|newspaper=Business Standard|date=11 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529085203/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/-303-rifles-replaced-with-insas-jh-police-112091100353_1.html|archive-date=29 May 2014|url-status=live}}
• {{flag|Nepal}}: The Nepalese Army had received about 26,000 rifles since 2001,{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2005.html|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2005/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2005-Chapter-04-EN.pdf|chapter=Reaching for the Big Picture: An Update on Small Arms Transfers|title=Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005|author=Small Arms Survey|author-link=Small Arms Survey|page=101|isbn=978-0-19-928085-8|access-date=29 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830004838/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2005.html|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=dead}} supplied at a 70% subsidy by India.{{cite news|title=Wikileaks news: Why Nepal king Gyanendra shed power|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/wikileaks-news-why-nepal-king-gyanendra-shed-power/articleshow/9881252.cms|access-date=29 May 2014|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=6 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129005026/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/wikileaks-news-why-nepal-king-gyanendra-shed-power/articleshow/9881252.cms|archive-date=29 January 2018|url-status=live}} As of July 20, 2020, the Nepali Army transferred 600 INSAS rifles to the Nepali Armed Police Force.{{Cite web|title=Nepali Army {{!}} नेपाली सेना|url=https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/viewnews/438|access-date=2021-03-03|website=www.nepalarmy.mil.np|publisher=Nepalese Army}}

• {{flag|Oman}}: In 2010, the Royal Army of Oman started using the INSAS rifles sent to them as per a defence agreement signed in 2003 between India and Oman.{{cite news|title=Oman army all set to use India's INSAS rifles|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/oman-army-all-set-to-use-india-s-insas-rifles/article1-534688.aspx|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=29 May 2014|date=22 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313070210/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/oman-army-all-set-to-use-india-s-insas-rifles/article1-534688.aspx|archive-date=13 March 2014|url-status=dead}}

• Communist Party of India (Maoist): Use INSAS rifles looted from killed Indian police officers{{cite web | url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/data_sheets/Major_incidents_2018.htm | title=CPI-Maoist Major Incidents 2018 }} or stolen from police stations.{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/insas-rifle-stolen-from-rohtas-cop/articleshow/71637661.cms | title=Bihar: Insas rifle stolen from Rohtas cop | newspaper=The Times of India | date=18 October 2019 }} Others secretly acquired from Rifle Factory Ishapore by corrupt officials.{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/6-arrested-for-allegedly-giving-arms-to-maoists-from-rifle-factory-ishapore-in-west-bengal-1848446 | title=6 Arrested for Allegedly Giving Arms to Maoists from Bengal Gun Factory }}
• People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak: Use looted INSAS rifles.https://theprint.in/india/arms-looted-in-manipur-sold-beyond-the-valley-across-border-recovery-a-struggle-for-security-forces/2368751/
• File:Flag_of_PDF_Myanmar.svg Myanmar People's Defence Force: 1B1 variant. {{cite tweet |author=War Noir |user=war_noir |number=1738135682265051272|title=#Myanmar (#Burma) 🇲🇲: Rather interesting photos posted by People's Defense Forces (#PDF) after an ambush against Tatmadaw.The group uses several very rare! INSAS 1B1 rifles (originally made in #India 🇮🇳), MA-4 Mk2 rifle with BA203 UBGL and AR-15 rifle.|language=en |date= 22 December 2023|access-date=3 January 2024 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/r8hJP|archive-date=3 January 2024|url-status=live}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|INSAS rifle}}

• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201023805/http://ofb.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/11.htm |date=December 1, 2017|title=Rifle 5.56 mm INSAS (Fixed Butt)}}
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201024929/http://ofb.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/12.htm |date=December 1, 2017|title=5.56 mm INSAS Rifle (Foldable Butt)}}
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201024809/http://ofb.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/13.htm |date=December 1, 2017|title=LMG 5.56 mm INSAS (Fixed Butt)}}
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201024634/http://www.ofb.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/14.htm |date=December 1, 2017|title=LMG 5.56 mm INSAS (Foldable Butt)}}
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224034637/https://ofb.gov.in/unit/pages/OFT/rifle-5-56mm-1b1 |date=February 24, 2020|title=RIFLE 5.56 mm 1B1}}
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224034637/https://ofb.gov.in/unit/pages/OFT/rifle-5-56mm-1b1 |date=February 24, 2020|title=5.56 mm Assault Rifle (Fixed Butt)}}
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609093746/https://ofb.gov.in/unit/pages/SAF/rifle-5-56-mm |date=June 9, 2020|title=RIFLE 5.56 mm}}
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609093534/https://ofb.gov.in/unit/pages/SAF/lmg-5-56-mm|title=LMG 5.56 mm|date=June 9, 2020}}
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811212653/https://ofbindia.gov.in/product/products/product-details/5-56mm-insas-1c-rifle |date=August 11, 2020|title=5.56MM INSAS 1C RIFLE}}
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004172203/http://ofb.gov.in/unit/pages/RFI/5-56-insas-foldable-butt1 |date=October 4, 2021|title=INSAS 1B1}}

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