IOMAI
{{Short description|American biotech company}}
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| founded = 1997
| founder =Gregory Glenn
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IOMAI was a Biotech company founded in 1997 by Gregory Glenn M.D. of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and Dean Lewis, a World Bank employee. The company was the first to develop the concept of transcutaneous immunization, delivery of vaccines to the skin using a patch or similar method. This provided a means to stimulate robust immune responses safely as the skin patch-based immunization targeted Langerhans cells in the skin. The patch technology underwent extensive evaluation in the context of a traveler's diarrhea vaccine which entered Phase 3 pivotal trials in 2009. IOMAI was acquired by Intercell in 2008 and the technology was the subject of a development license to GSK in 2009. Dr. Glenn pioneered needle free delivery to the skin and spawned general interest in skin-targeting vaccine technologies, including intradermal delivery and the use of the heat labile toxin as an adjuvant and the adjuvant patch.
See also
References
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- {{cite journal | last1 = Frech | first1 = SA | last2 = Dupont | first2 = HL | last3 = Bourgeois | first3 = AL | last4 = McKenzie | first4 = R | last5 = Belkind-Gerson | first5 = J | last6 = Figueroa | first6 = JF | last7 = Okhuysen | first7 = PC | last8 = Guerrero | first8 = NH | last9 = Martinez-Sandoval | first9 = FG | last10 = Meléndez-Romero | first10 = JH | last11 = Jiang | first11 = ZD | last12 = Asturias | first12 = EJ | last13 = Halpern | first13 = J | last14 = Torres | first14 = OR | last15 = Hoffman | first15 = AS | last16 = Villar | first16 = CP | last17 = Kassem | first17 = RN | last18 = Flyer | first18 = DC | last19 = Andersen | first19 = BH | last20 = Kazempour | first20 = K | last21 = Breisch | first21 = SA | last22 = Glenn | first22 = GM | date = Jun 2008 | title = Use of a patch containing heat-labile toxin from Escherichia coli against travellers' diarrhoea: a phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled field trial | journal = Lancet | volume = 371 | issue = 9629| pages = 2019–25 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60839-9 | pmid=18554712| s2cid = 32784525 }}
- {{cite journal | last1 = McKenzie | first1 = R | last2 = Bourgeois | first2 = AL | last3 = Frech | first3 = SA | last4 = Flyer | first4 = DC | last5 = Bloom | first5 = A | last6 = Kazempour | first6 = K | last7 = Glenn | first7 = GM | date = May 2007 | title = Transcutaneous immunization with the heat-labile toxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC): protective efficacy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled challenge study | journal = Vaccine | volume = 25 | issue = 18| pages = 3684–91 | doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.043 | pmid=17313998}}
- {{cite journal | last1 = Glenn | first1 = GM | last2 = Villar | first2 = CP | last3 = Flyer | first3 = DC | last4 = Bourgeois | first4 = AL | last5 = McKenzie | first5 = R | last6 = Lavker | first6 = RM | last7 = Frech | first7 = SA | date = May 2007 | title = Safety and immunogenicity of an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine patch containing heat-labile toxin: use of skin pretreatment to disrupt the stratum corneum | journal = Infect Immun | volume = 75 | issue = 5| pages = 2163–70 | doi=10.1128/iai.01740-06| pmc = 1865773 | pmid=17261601}}
- {{cite journal | last1 = Glenn | first1 = GM | last2 = Thomas | first2 = DN | last3 = Poffenberger | first3 = KL | last4 = Flyer | first4 = DC | last5 = Ellingsworth | first5 = LR | last6 = Andersen | first6 = BH | last7 = Frech | first7 = SA | date = Dec 2009 | title = Safety and immunogenicity of an influenza vaccine A/H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1194/2004) when coadministered with a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) adjuvant patch | journal = Vaccine | volume = 27 | issue = Suppl 6| pages = G60–6 | doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.031 | pmid=20006142}}
- {{cite journal | last1 = Kenney | first1 = RT | last2 = Frech | first2 = SA | last3 = Muenz | first3 = LR | last4 = Villar | first4 = CP | last5 = Glenn | first5 = GM | date = Nov 2004 | title = Dose sparing with intradermal injection of influenza vaccine | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 351 | issue = 22| pages = 2295–301 | doi=10.1056/nejmoa043540| pmid = 15525714 | doi-access = free }}