IRNSS-1A
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox spaceflight|auto=all
| name = IRNSS-1A
| image =
| image_caption =
| mission_type = Navigation
| operator = ISRO
| website =
| COSPAR_ID = 2013-034A
| SATCAT = 39199
| mission_duration = 10 years
| spacecraft_bus = I-1K
| manufacturer = ISRO Satellite Centre
Space Applications Centre
| dry_mass = {{convert|614|kg|lb}}
| launch_mass = {{convert|1425|kg|lb}}
| power = 1,660 watts
| launch_date = {{start-date|1 July 2013, 18:11 UTC|timezone=yes}}
| launch_rocket = PSLV-XL C22
| launch_site = Satish Dhawan FLP
| launch_contractor = ISRO
| disposal_type =
| deactivated =
| last_contact =
| decay_date =
| orbit_epoch = 22 January 2015, 16:27:41 UTC{{cite web|url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=39199|title=IRNSS-1A Satellite details 2013-034A NORAD 39199|publisher=N2YO|date=22 January 2015|access-date=25 January 2015}}
| orbit_reference = Geocentric
| orbit_regime = Geosynchronous
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|35,706.1|km|abbr=on}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|35,882.7|km|abbr=on}}
| orbit_period = 1436.1 minutes
| orbit_longitude = 55° E
| apsis = gee
| programme = NavIC
| previous_mission =
| next_mission = IRNSS-1B
}}
IRNSS-1A is the first navigational satellite in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites been placed in geosynchronous orbit.{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/irnss.htm |title=IRNSS |publisher=space.skyrocket.de |access-date=8 April 2012}}
Satellite
The satellite has been developed at a cost of {{INRConvert|1.25|b|0}},{{cite news|title=India's first ever dedicated navigation satellite launched|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/1855830/report-india-s-first-ever-dedicated-navigation-satellite-launched|access-date=24 July 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=2 July 2013}}{{cite news|title=India's first dedicated navigation satellite placed in orbit|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-s-first-dedicated-navigation-satellite-placed-in-orbit-386649|access-date=24 July 2013|publisher=NDTV|date=2 July 2013}} and was launched on 1 July 2013. It will provide IRNSS services to the Indian public, which would be a system similar to Global Positioning System (GPS) but only for India and the region around it.{{cite web | url=http://www.satlaunch.net/p/launch-schedule-2013.html | title=Planned Satellite Launches in 2013 | publisher=satlaunch.net | date=19 March 2013 | access-date=20 March 2013 | archive-date=30 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130163918/http://www.satlaunch.net/p/launch-schedule-2013.html | url-status=dead }}
Each IRNSS satellite has two payloads: a navigation payload and CDMA ranging payload in addition with a laser retro-reflector. The payload generates navigation signals at L5 and S-band. The design of the payload makes the IRNSS system inter-operable and compatible with GPS and Galileo.{{cite web | url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/irnss.htm | title=IRNSS | publisher=space.skyrocket.de | access-date=20 March 2013}} The satellite is powered by two solar arrays, which generate power up to 1,660 watts, and has a lifetime of ten years.
Launch
The satellite was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) on 1 July 2013 at 11:41 PM (IST).{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-launches-its-first-navigation-satellite/articleshow/20866282.cms? | title=India launches its first navigation satellite | access-date=1 July 2013 | work=The Times of India}} The launch was postponed from its initial launch date of 26 June 2013 due to a technical snag in the 2nd stage of the PSLV-C22 launch rocket.{{cite news | url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Technical-snag-puts-off-satellite-launch/2013/06/02/article1616162.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218124054/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Technical-snag-puts-off-satellite-launch/2013/06/02/article1616162.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 December 2013 | title=Technical snag puts off satellite launch: ISRO | work=SGP | access-date=2 June 2013}} ISRO then replaced the faulty component in the rocket and rescheduled the launch to 1 July 2013 at 11:43 p.m.{{cite web|title=PSLV-C22/IRNSS-1A Mission Status|url=http://www.isro.org/pslv-c22/c22-status.aspx|publisher=ISRO|access-date=26 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629045551/http://www.isro.org/pslv-c22/c22-status.aspx|archive-date=29 June 2013|url-status=dead}}{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-navigation-satellite-set-to-fly-on-july-1/article4812295.ece | title=Indian equivalent of the GPS satellite | work=The Hindu | author=S Giri Prasad | access-date=14 June 2013 | location=Chennai, India | date=14 June 2013}}
Scientists from the German Aerospace Centre (DLR)'s Institute of Communications and Navigation in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, have received signals from IRNSS-1A. On 23 July 2013, the German Aerospace Center scientists pointed their 30-meter dish antenna at Weilheim towards the satellite and found that it was already transmitting a signal in the L5 frequency band.{{cite news|title=Indian Regional Navigation Satellite Starts Signal Transmissions|url=http://www.gpsworld.com/indian-regional-gnss-satellite-starts-signal-transmissions/|access-date=28 July 2013|newspaper=GPS World|date=25 July 2013}}
Partial Failure
The three Rubidium atomic clocks on-board IRNSS-1A failed, with the first failure occurring in July 2016. ISRO planned to replace it with IRNSS-1H, in August 2017, but this failed to separate from the launch vehicle.{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Atomic-clocks-on-indigenous-navigation-satellite-develop-snag/article17114134.ece|title=Atomic clocks on indigenous navigation satellite develop snag|last=D.S.|first=Madhumathi|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en|access-date=2017-01-31}}{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Questions/QResult15.aspx?qref=47205&lsno=16|title=Questions: Loksabha- Q.No. 1112 Answered on: 08.02.2017}} On 12 April 2018, ISRO launched successfully IRNSS-1I as a replacement for IRNSS-1A.{{Cite news|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c41-irnss-1i|title=PSLV-C41/IRNSS-1I Mission|access-date=3 June 2018|archive-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406230840/https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c41-irnss-1i|url-status=dead}}
The cause of failure was traced to one of the feed through capacitor carrying the DC supply to the physics package of clock, malfunctioning due to excessive rise in temperature.{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180733|title=Launching of Replacement Navigation Satellite|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-07-19}} IRNSS-1A and IRNSS-1G are now being used only for NavIC's short message broadcast service.{{cite web|title=Annual Report 2019-20|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/index.html#50|access-date=5 March 2020|publisher=Department of Space|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406131804/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/index.html#50|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=ANNUAL REPORT 2020-2021|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/anual_report_2020-2021_english.pdf|access-date=6 March 2021|publisher=ISRO|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425173704/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/anual_report_2020-2021_english.pdf|url-status=dead}}
See also
References
{{reflist|30em}}
External links
- [http://www.isro.org/scripts/futureprogramme.aspx ISRO Future Programmes]
{{IRNSS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2013}}