Ian Hamilton Finlay#Art

Finlay was born in Nassau, Bahamas, to James Hamilton Finlay and his wife, Annie Pettigrew, both of Scots descent.

He was educated at Dollar Academy in Clackmannanshire and later at Glasgow School of Art. At the age of 13, with the outbreak of the Second World War, he was evacuated to family in the countryside (firstly to Gartmore and then to Kirkudbright). In 1942, he joined the British Army. Finlay was married twice and had two children, Alec and Ailie. Throughout his life, he suffered severely from agoraphobia.{{cite web |title=Ian Hamilton Finlay's Agoraphobia, New Exhibition in Glasgow |url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/harriet-books/2013/07/ian-hamilton-finlays-agoraphobia-new-exhibition-in-glasgow |website=Poetry Foundation |access-date=12 December 2023}} He died in Edinburgh in 2006.{{cite news

| last = McNay | first = Michael | title = Ian Hamilton Finlay | work = The Guardian | publisher = Guardian Newspapers Limited | date = 29 March 2006 | url = http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/obituary/0,,1741810,00.html | access-date = 10 November 2006 | location=London}} He is buried alone in Abercorn Churchyard in West Lothian, Scotland. The grave lies in the extreme south-east corner of the churchyard. The gravestone refers to his parents and sister.

At the end of the war, Finlay worked as a shepherd, before beginning to write short stories and poems, while living on Rousay, in Orkney. He published his first book, The Sea Bed and Other Stories, in 1958, with some of his plays broadcast on the BBC, and some stories featured in The Glasgow Herald.

His first collection of poetry, The Dancers Inherit the Party, was published in 1960 by Migrant Press with a second edition published in 1962. The third edition, published by Fulcrum Press (London) in 1969, included a number of new poems and was inaccurately described by the publisher as a first edition, which led to a complex legal dispute.{{cite book |last=Finlay |first=Alec |author2=Ian Hamilton Finlay |title=The Dancers Inherit the Party and Glasgow Beasts |year=1996 |publisher=Polygon |place=Edinburgh |at= p. 7 (A Note on the Text) }} Dancers was included in its entirety in a New Directions annual a few years later.

In 1963, Finlay published Rapel, his first collection of concrete poetry (poetry in which the layout and typography of the words contributes to its overall effect), and it was as a concrete poet that he first gained wide renown. Much of this work was issued through his own Wild Hawthorn Press, in his magazine Poor. Old. Tired. Horse.Kettle's Yard Guide, Cambridge 2008 {{ISBN|9781904561279}}

Finlay became notable as a poet, when reducing the monostich form to one wordHirsch, Edward, A Poets Glossary, Houghton Mifflin HRcourt, Boston, 2014, {{ISBN|9780151011957}}. with his concrete poems in the 1960s.Perloff, Marjorie Review 'Dreams of Weeds' T L S London April 29, 2005. Repetition, imitation and tradition lay at the heart of Hamilton's poetry,Matsumoto, Lila 'Imitation, Reflection, Tradition: Some Reflections on the Poetry of Ian Hamilton Finlay' Forum Issue 15, University of Edinburgh Autumn 2012 and exploring "the juxtaposition of apparently opposite ideas".Beauty and Revolution : The Poetry and Art of Ian Hamilton Finlay, Kettle's Yard Exhibition Catalogue (Teachers Resource) Cambridge, 2014.

Later, Finlay began to compose poems to be inscribed into stone, incorporating these sculptures into the natural environment.

This kind of 'poem-object' features in the garden Little Sparta that he and Sue Finlay created together in the Pentland Hills near Edinburgh, although Finlay was always explicit that while "the original brief suggests sculpture being added to the garden, but I had them revise this to the understanding that the work would be the garden itself."{{cite book |last1=Sheeler |first1=Jessie |title=Little Sparta: A Guide to the Garden of Ian Hamilton Finlay |date=2015 |publisher=Birlinn Ltd |location=Edinburgh |page=83}} The five-acre garden also includes more conventional sculptures and two garden temples.

In December 2004, in a poll{{Cite web|url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=1394292004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050503052026/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=1394292004|archive-date=3 May 2005|title=Home | the Scotsman}} conducted by Scotland on Sunday, a panel of fifty artists, gallery directors and arts professionals voted Little Sparta to be the most important work of Scottish art.{{cite news | last = Martell | first = Peter | title = Little Sparta goes a long way in poll on Scotland's greatest art | work = Scotland on Sunday | publisher = The Scotsman | date = 5 December 2004 | url = http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=1394292004 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050503052026/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=1394292004 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 3 May 2005 | access-date = 17 November 2006 }} Second and third were the Glasgow School of Art by Charles Rennie Mackintosh and The Skating Minister by Henry Raeburn. Sir Roy Strong has said of Little Sparta that it is "the only really original garden made in this country since 1945".{{cite news | last = Gibbons | first = Fiachra | title = Penniless poet's vision that bloomed | work = The Guardian | publisher = Guardian News and Media Limited | date = 30 June 2003 | url = http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,987722,00.html | access-date = 17 November 2006 | location=London}}

The Little Sparta Trust{{cite web|url=http://www.littlesparta.co.uk/|title=Little Sparta Trust website|website=www.littlesparta.co.uk|access-date=20 May 2017}} plans to preserve Little Sparta for the nation by raising enough to pay for an ongoing maintenance fund. Richard Ingleby,{{cite web|url=http://www.inglebygallery.com/|title=Ingleby Gallery|website=www.inglebygallery.com|access-date=20 May 2017}} Ian Kennedy, Magnus Linklater, and Ann Uppington{{cite web|url=http://www.uppingtongardens.com/ |title=Ann Uppington, Uppington Gardens - Landscape Designer, Garden Tour Guide, Public Presentations |access-date=2006-11-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311143523/http://www.uppingtongardens.com/ |archive-date=11 March 2007 |df=dmy }} are trustees. Former trustees include Ian Appleton, Stephen Bann, Stephen Blackmore,{{cite web|url=http://www.rbge.org.uk/rbge/web/wwd/rk.jsp|title=Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh – Regius Keeper's message|website=www.rbge.org.uk|access-date=20 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117125018/http://www.rbge.org.uk/rbge/web/wwd/rk.jsp|archive-date=17 November 2007|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}} Patrick Eyres,{{cite web|url=http://www.newarcadianpress.co.uk/|title=New Arcadian Press|website=www.newarcadianpress.co.uk|access-date=20 May 2017}} John Leighton, Duncan Macmillan, Victoria Miro, Paul Nesbitt and Jessie Sheeler.

File:Poster_of_Arcadia_leafy_tank_by_Ian_Hamilton_Finlay_and_George_Oliver_1973_screenprint.jpg uses camouflage in modern art to contrast leafy peace and military hardware. He continually revisited war themes and the concept of the Utopian Arcadia in his work.]]

Finlay's work is notable for a number of recurring themes: a penchant for classical writers (especially Virgil); a concern with fishing and the sea; an interest in the French Revolution; and a continual revisiting of World War II and the memento mori Latin phrase Et in Arcadia ego. His 1973 screenprint of a tank camouflaged in a leaf pattern, Arcadia, referring to the Utopian Arcadia of poetry and art (another recurring theme), is described by the Tate as drawing "an ironic parallel between this idea of a natural paradise and the camouflage patterns on a tank".{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/hamilton-finlay-arcadia-collaboration-with-george-oliver-p07025 |title=Ian Hamilton Finlay: Arcadia (collaboration with George Oliver) |publisher=Tate |work=Arcadia, 1973 |date=July 2008 |access-date=11 May 2012}} In the 1982 exhibition The Third Reich Revisited, Nazi iconography featured on architectural drawings by Ian Appleton, with captions by Finlay which could be read as a sardonic critique of Scotland's arts establishment.Eyres, Patrick (1982), The Third Reich Revisited in Hearn, Sheila G. (ed.), Cencrastus No. 10, Autumn 1982, pp. 23 - 27, {{issn|0264-0856}}

Finlay's use of Nazi imagery led to an accusation of neo-Nazi sympathies and antisemitism. Finlay sued a Paris magazine which had made such accusations, and was awarded nominal damages of one franc. The stress of this situation brought about the separation between Finlay and his wife Sue.Craig (2010)

Finlay also came into conflict with the Strathclyde Regional Council over his liability for rates on a byre in his garden, which the council insisted was being used as commercial premises. Finlay insisted that it was a garden temple.{{cite news | last = The Times | title = Ian Hamilton Finlay: Scottish poet and artist who turned his Lanarkshire grounds into Little Sparta, a celebrated shrine to pacifism | work = Times Online | publisher = Times Newspapers Ltd | date = 28 March 2006 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article1082653.ece | archive-url = https://archive.today/20110522214342/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article1082653.ece | url-status = dead | archive-date = 22 May 2011 | access-date = 10 April 2007 | location=London}} and {{cite news | last = Jones | first = Jonathan | title = Signs of the times | work = The Guardian | publisher = Guardian Newspapers Limited | date = 10 April 2007 | url = http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/visualart/story/0,,2053444,00.html | access-date = 10 April 2007 | location=London}}

One of the few gardens outside Scotland to permanently display his work is the Improvement Garden in Stockwood Discovery Centre, Luton, created in collaboration with Sue Finlay, Gary Hincks and Nicholas Sloan.

Finlay was nominated{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/turner-prize-1985/turner-prize-1985-artists-ian-hamilton-finlay|title=Turner Prize 1985 artists: Ian Hamilton Finlay – Tate|website=www.tate.org.uk|access-date=20 May 2017}} for the Turner Prize in 1985. He was awarded honorary doctorates from Aberdeen University in 1987, Heriot-Watt University in 1993{{Cite web|url=http://www1.hw.ac.uk/graduation/honorary-graduates.htm|title=Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates|last=|website=www1.hw.ac.uk|access-date=2016-04-05|archive-date=18 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418163907/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/graduation/honorary-graduates.htm|url-status=dead}} and the University of Glasgow in 2001, and an honorary and/or visiting professorship from the University of Dundee in 1999. The French Communist Party presented him with a bust of Saint-Just in 1991. He received the Scottish Horticultural Medal from the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society{{cite web|url=http://www.royalcaledonianhorticulturalsociety.org/|title=RCHS – Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society – Caley Scottish Gardening Society Scotland|website=www.royalcaledonianhorticulturalsociety.org|access-date=20 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080629015234/http://www.royalcaledonianhorticulturalsociety.org/|archive-date=29 June 2008|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}} in 2002, and the Scottish Arts Council Creative Scotland Award{{cite web|url=http://www.creativescotland.org.uk/ArtistDetails.aspx?ProjectId%3D34 |title=Creative Scotland Awards - Artist Details |access-date=2006-11-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008050057/http://www.creativescotland.org.uk/ArtistDetails.aspx?ProjectId=34 |archive-date=8 October 2007 |df=dmy-all }} in 2003. Finlay was appointed a CBE in the Queen's 2002 New Year Honours.{{cite web | author = The Little Sparta Trust | title = Ian Hamilton Finlay | year = 2006 | url = http://www.littlesparta.co.uk/ihf.htm | access-date = 10 December 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305222722/http://www.littlesparta.org.uk/ihf.htm | archive-date = 5 March 2016 | url-status = dead }}

Finlay's work has been seen as austere, but also at times witty, or even darkly whimsical.

He is represented by the Wild Hawthorn Press, the Archive of Ian Hamilton Finlay, which works closely with the Ingleby Gallery (Edinburgh){{cite web |title=Ian Hamilton Finlay |url=https://www.inglebygallery.com/artists/37-ian-hamilton-finlay/overview/ |publisher=Ingleby Gallery |access-date=23 March 2019 |quote=Ingleby Gallery work closely with Finlay's Estate and holds a substantial selection from the archive of his Wild Hawthorn Press in stock.}} and the Victoria Miro Gallery (London) in the U.K.{{cite web |title=Ian Hamilton Finlay |url=https://www.victoria-miro.com/artists/5-ian-hamilton-finlay/ |publisher=Victoria Miro Gallery |access-date=23 March 2019}}

Finlay's designs were most often built by others.{{cite news

| last = Johnson

| first = Ken

| title = Ian Hamilton Finlay, 80, Poet and Conceptual Artist, Dies

| work = The New York Times

| date = 31 March 2006

| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/31/arts/design/31finlay.html

| access-date = 10 November 2006

}} Finlay respected the expertise of sandblasters, engravers and printers he worked with,Exhibition catalogue Beauty and Revolution: The Poetry and Art of Ian Hamililton Finlay, Kettle's Yard, Cambridge, 2014. having approximately one hundred collaborators including Patrick Caulfield, Richard Demarco, Malcolm Fraser, Christopher Hall, Margot Sandeman. He also worked with a host of lettering artists including Michael Harvey and Nicholas Sloan and Vincent Butler.

{{cite web

| last = Finlay

| first = Ian Hamilton

| title = Printed works

| publisher = Wild Hawthorn Press

| year = 2006

| url = http://www.ianhamiltonfinlay.com/card_link.html

| access-date = 10 November 2006

}}

{{cite web

| last = Finlay

| first = Ian Hamilton

| title = Tate Collection

| year = 2006

| url = http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ArtistWorks?cgroupid=999999961&artistid=1093&page=1

| access-date = 10 November 2006

}}

File:Ian Hamilton Finlay.jpg]]

A partial list of Finlay sculptures and gardens.

{{cite book

| last = Finlay

| first = Ian Hamilton

| others = Werner Hannappel (photographer)

|editor= Zdenek Felix |editor2=Pia Simig

| title = Works in Europe 1972–1995 Werke in Europa

| year = 1995

| publisher = Cantz Verlag

| isbn = 3-89322-749-0

}}

{{cite web

|author = Peter Coates

|title = Biography: Collaborations with Ian Hamilton Finlay

|date = n.d.

|url = http://www.peter-coates.com/bio/bio.html

|access-date = 16 November 2006

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060112064722/http://www.peter-coates.com/bio/bio.html

|archive-date = 12 January 2006

|df = dmy-all

}} A few photographs are reachable through the external links.

• Little Sparta, (with Sue Finlay), Dunsyre, Lanarkshire, Scotland, 1966
• Canterbury sundial, Canterbury, England, University of Kent, near Rutherford College, 1972
• UNDA wall, Schiff, Windflower, Stuttgart, Germany, Max Planck Institute, 1975
• anteboreum, Yorkshire, England, private garden
• sundial, Liège, Belgium, University of Liège, 1976
• sundial, Bonn, Germany, British Embassy, 1979
• Five Columns for the Kröller-Müller, second title: A Fifth Column for the Kröller-Müller, third title: Corot – Saint-Just, tree-column bases named LYCURGUS, ROUSSEAU, ROBESPIERRE, MICHELET, COROT, Otterlo, the Netherlands, Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, 1982
• sundial, Cherrybank Gardens, Perth, 1984{{Canmore |num=293945|desc=Perth, Cherrybank, Arthur Bells Distillers, Garden}}
• a basket of lemons, a plough of the Roman sort, two oval plaques, Pistoia, Italy, Villa Celle, 1984
• Vienna, Austria, Schweizergarten, 1985
• Brittany, France, Domain de Kerguehennec, 1986
• Eindhoven, the Netherlands, Van Abbemuseum, 1986
• A Remembrance of Annette, with Nicholas Sloan, Münster, Germany, Uberwasser Cemetery, 1987
• UNDA, with Sue Finlay and Nicholas Sloan, San Diego, Stuart Collection, 1987
• Furka Pass, Switzerland, 1987
• Strasbourg, France, Musée d'Art Moderne or Musée des Beaux-Arts, 1988
• Grove of Silence, Vincennes, with Sue Finlay and Nicholas Sloan, Forest of Dean, England, 1988
• Frechen-Bachem, Germany, Haus Bitz, 1988
• Preston, England, Harris Museum and Art Gallery, 1989
• Cologne, Germany, Ungers Private Library, 1990
• bridge columns, Broomielaw, Glasgow, Scotland, 1990
• Ovid wall, Aphrodite herm, tree-plaque, capital, with Nicholas Sloan, Luton, England, Stockwood Park, 1991
• tree-plaque, Hennef, Germany, private garden, 1991
• Lübeck, Germany, Overbeck-Gesellschaft, 1991
• Karlsruhe, Germany, Baden State Library, 1991
• Dudley, England, The Leasowes, 1992
• Six Milestones, The Hague-Zoetermeer, the Netherlands, 1992
• Paris, France, private garden, 1993
• Frankfurt/Main, Germany, Schröder Münchmeyer Hengst & Co, 1994
• stone bench, stone plinth, three plaques. pergola, tree-plaque, others, Grevenbroich, Germany, 1995, named: Ian-Hamilton-Finlay-Park 2014{{Cite web|url=https://www.grevenbroich.de/stadtportrait/sehenswuerdigkeiten/ian-hamilton-finlay-park/|title=Ian-Hamilton-Finlay-Park|website=www.grevenbroich.de|language=de|access-date=2018-09-12}}
• Foxgloves, with Peter Coates, Durham, UK, Botanical Gardens, 1996
• Shell Research Centre Thornton grounds, Finlay and Pia Simig with or for Latz+Partner, Chester, UK, 1997–
• paving, eight benches, tree plaque, with Peter Coates, Serpentine Gallery, Kensington Gardens, London, UK, 1997
• Fleur de l'Air, with Pia Simig, Peter Coates, Volkmar Herre, Harry Gilonis, John Dixon Hunt, Wild Hawthorn Press, Provence, France, 1997–2003
• Et In Arcadia Ego, with Peter Coates for Stroom, The Hague, the Netherlands, 1998 (see Fashion, art, society in Camouflage)
• The Present Order, with Peter Coates, for Barcelona City Council, supported by The British Council, Barcelona, Spain, Park Güell, 1999
• Petrarch in Island of Sculptures, Pontevedra, Galicia, 1999
• with Peter Coates, Hamburg, Germany, 1999
• benches, with Peter Coates, Erfurt, Germany, Erfurt Federal Labour Court, 1999
• Cythera, with Peter Coates, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Hamilton Palace grounds, 2000
• Six Definitions, Dean Gallery grounds, Edinburgh, Scotland, National Galleries of Scotland, 2001
• Ripple with Peter Coates, Luxembourg, Casino Luxembourg, 2001 or 2002
• with Peter Coates, Neanderthal, Germany, 2002
• with Peter Coates, Carrara, Italy, Carrara International Biennale, 2002
• Basel, Switzerland, with Peter Coates, 2003
• with Peter Coates, St. Gallan, Switzerland, private residence, 2004
• seven Idylls, Dean Gallery allotments, Edinburgh, Scotland, Dean Gallery Allotments Association, 2005
• L'Idylle des Cerises with Pia Maria Simig (with Peter Coates), Ingleby Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland, preparatory drawings and sculpture, 2005

• {{cite book | last = Finlay | first = Ian Hamilton | editor = Ken Cockburn |editor2=Lilias Fraser | title = The Dancers Inherit the Party and Glasgow Beasts, An' a Burd | date= September–October 2004 | publisher = Polygon in association with Scottish Poetry Library | isbn = 1-904598-13-7}} Original: 1960 Migrant Press, 1961 Wild Hawthorn Press, 1961 Wild Flounder Press, 1969 Fulcrum Press, 1995 or 1996 or 1997 Polygon {{ISBN|0-7486-6207-3}}{{cite web | author = The Trustees of Indiana University | title = IU Lilly Library | date = n.d.| url = http://www.indiana.edu/~liblilly/ | access-date = 18 November 2006 }}{{cite web|author=Ingleby Gallery |title=Bookshop and Editions |date=n.d. |url=http://www.inglebygallery.com/bookshopDetail.php?id=73 |access-date=18 November 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060522151508/http://www.inglebygallery.com/bookshopDetail.php?id=73 |archive-date=22 May 2006 |df=dmy-all }}

==Bibliography==

| last = Finlay

| first = Ian Hamilton

| editor1 = Ken Cockburn

| editor2 = Lilias Fraser

| title = The Dancers Inherit the Party and Glasgow Beasts, An' a Burd

| date = September 2004

| publisher = Polygon in association with Scottish Poetry Library

| isbn = 1-904598-13-7

}} Original: 1960 Migrant Press, 1961 Wild Hawthorn Press, 1961 Wild Flounder Press, 1969 Fulcrum Press, 1995 or 1996 or 1997 Polygon {{ISBN|0-7486-6207-3}}

• {{cite news

| last = Plenel

| first = Edwy

| title = Querelle d'artistes sur fond de bicentenaire Les douteuses provocations de M. Finlay

| language = fr

| publisher = Le Monde

| date = 13 May 1989

| url = http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=646037

| access-date = 19 November 2006

}}

• {{cite web

| author = Finlay, Ian Hamilton

| title = Ian Hamilton Finlay papers 1948–1992, Getty Research Institute, Research Library, Accession no. 890144

| orig-year = acquired 1989, completed 27 February 1997, revised March 2004

| url = http://archives.getty.edu:8082/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=utf8a;cc=utf8a;sid=4e3ecabfd710d9d1395e31552ddde983;idno=US%3A%3ACMalG%3A%3A890144;type=boolean;rgn=Entire%20Finding%20Aid;qa1=fulcrum;Search=Search;view=reslist;didno=US%3A%3ACMalG%3A%3A890144;subview=standard;q1=fulcrum;byte=6332857;focusrgn=frontmatter

| date = 18 November 2006

}}

• {{cite book

| last = Abrioux

| first = Yves

| title = Ian Hamilton Finlay. A Visual Primer

| date=15 December 2006

| publisher = Reaktion Books

| edition = N.e.of 2r.e.

| isbn = 0-948462-40-X

}} Original: 1992 MIT Press {{ISBN|9780262011297}} or {{ISBN|0-262-01129-8}}

• {{cite book

| last = Hendry

| first = Joy

|author2=Alec Finlay

| title = Wood Notes Wild: Essays on the Poetry and Art of Ian Hamilton Finlay

|date=February 1997

| publisher = Polygon

| isbn = 0-7486-6185-9

}} Original: 1994 Chapman Publishing {{ISBN|0-906772-61-3}}

• {{cite book

| last = Finlay

| first = Ian Hamilton

| others = Werner Hannappel (photographer)

| editor1 = Zdenek Felix

| editor2 = Pia Simig

| title = Works in Europe 1972–1995 Werke in Europa

| year = 1995

| publisher = Cantz Verlag

| isbn = 3-89322-749-0

}}

• {{cite book

| last = Gillanders

| first = Robin

|author2=Alec Finlay |author3=Ian Hamilton Finlay

| title = Little Sparta: Portrait of a Garden

|date=18 May 1999

| publisher = National Galleries of Scotland

| isbn = 0-903598-85-X

}}

• {{cite book

| last = Weilacher

| first = Udo

| others = John Dixon Hunt (Foreword)

| title = "Poetry in Nature Unredeemed – Ian Hamilton Finlay" (interview) in Between Landscape Architecture and Land Art

|date=September 1999

| publisher = Birkhauser

| isbn = 3-7643-6119-0

}}

• {{cite journal

| last = Rashwan

| first = Nagy

|author2=Ian Hamilton Finlay

| title = The Death of Piety: Ian Hamilton Finlay in conversation with Nagy Rashwan

| journal = Jacket

| issue = 15

|date=December 2001

| url = http://jacketmagazine.com/15/rash-iv-finlay.html

| issn = 1440-4737

| access-date = 18 November 2006

}}

• {{cite book

| last = Lubbock

| first = Tom

| editor = Susan Daniel-McElroy

| title = Ian Hamilton Finlay: Maritime Works

|date=August 2002

| publisher = Tate Gallery Publishing Ltd

| isbn = 0-9539924-5-4

}}

• {{cite book

|last = Tate St. Ives

|title = Ian Hamilton Finlay Maritime Works: Notes for Teachers (PDF)

|url = http://www.tate.org.uk/learning/schools/ianhamiltonfinlay2365.shtm

|access-date = 11 November 2006

|year = 2002

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060129064742/http://www.tate.org.uk/learning/schools/ianhamiltonfinlay2365.shtm

|archive-date = 29 January 2006

|url-status = dead

|df = dmy-all

}}

• {{cite book

| last = Finlay

| first = Ian Hamilton

| editor1 = Pia Simig

| editor2 = John Dixon Hunt

| others = Volkmar Herre (photographer)

| title = Fleur de l'Air: A Garden in Provence by Ian Hamilton Finlay

| url = http://www.ianhamiltonfinlay.com/wild_hawthorn_press2.html

| access-date = 11 November 2006

|date=September 2004

| publisher = Wild Hawthorn Press

| isbn = 0-9548192-1-7

}}

• {{cite book

| last = Sheeler

| first = Jessie

| others = Andrew Lawson

| title = Little Sparta, the Garden of Ian Hamilton Finlay

| url = http://www.littlesparta.co.uk/contact.htm

| access-date = 11 November 2006

| year = 2003

| publisher = Frances Lincoln

| isbn = 0-7112-2085-9

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205235347/http://www.littlesparta.co.uk/contact.htm

| archive-date = 5 February 2012

| url-status = dead

}}

• {{cite web

| author = Finlay, Ian Hamilton

| title = The Lilly Library, Indiana University

| year = 2006

| url = http://www.indiana.edu/~liblilly/

| access-date=18 November 2006

}}

• {{cite web

| author = Finlay, Ian Hamilton

| title = The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO) GB/NNAF/P9981

| year = 2006

| url = http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/pidocs.asp?P=P9981

| access-date=19 November 2006

}}

• {{cite magazine

| author = Waite, Lorna J.

| title = Sculptural Revolution"|magazine=The List|issue=97, 30 June - 13 July 1989|page= 12

| url = http://archive.list.co.uk.s3-website.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/the-list/1989-06-30/16/index.html

| year = 1989

| access-date=27 August 2024

}}

• Monostich
• Concrete poetry

{{Reflist}}

• Eyres, Patrick (1982), The Third Reich Revisited, in Hearn, Sheila G. (ed.), Cencrastus No. 10, Autumn 1982, pp. 23 – 27, {{issn|0264-0856}}
• {{cite web

| author = University of Glasgow

| title = Invitation to the Eleventh Jubilee Celebrations

|date=September 2001

| url = http://www.gla.ac.uk:443/newsletter/230/html/news14.html

| access-date = 11 November 2006

}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}

• {{cite news

| author = BBC News

| title = Honours for Scotland

| date = 31 December 2001

| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2002/new_year_honours/1730313.stm

| access-date = 10 November 2006

| author-link = BBC News Online

}}

• {{cite web

|author=Scottish Arts Council

|title=Ian Hamilton Finlay CBE

|year=2003

|url=http://www.creativescotland.org.uk/ArtistDetails.aspx?ProjectId=34

|access-date=10 November 2006

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008050057/http://www.creativescotland.org.uk/ArtistDetails.aspx?ProjectId=34

|archive-date=8 October 2007

|url-status=dead

|df=dmy

}}

• {{cite news

| last = Cooke

| first = Rachel

| title = Gardener's word

| work = The Observer

| publisher = Guardian News and Media Limited

| date = 14 August 2005

| url = http://arts.guardian.co.uk/edinburgh2005/story/0,,1548632,00.html

| access-date = 17 November 2006

| location=London

}}

• Craig, Cairns (2010). "[http://0-www.oxforddnb.com.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/view/article/97737 Finlay, Ian Hamilton]", in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online, accessed 29 September 2016. {{subscription required}}.
• {{cite web

| author = University of Dundee

| title = Duncan of Jordanstone Alumni Shine

| date = 1 March 2006

| url = http://www.dundee.ac.uk/pressreleases/2006/prmar06/alumni.html

| access-date = 11 November 2006

}}

• {{cite news

| title = Ian Hamilton Finlay

| work = Times Online

| publisher = Times Newspapers Ltd.

| date = 28 March 2006

| url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-2106313,00.html

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080520121728/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-2106313,00.html

| url-status = dead

| archive-date = 20 May 2008

| access-date = 10 November 2006

| location=London

| first=Ben

| last=Hoyle}}

• {{cite news

| last = Lubbock

| first = Tom

| title = Ian Hamilton Finlay

| work = The Independent

| publisher = Independent News and Media Limited

| date = 29 March 2006

| url = http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article354247.ece

| access-date = 10 November 2006

| location = London

| url-status = dead

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061113054439/http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article354247.ece

| archive-date = 13 November 2006

| df = dmy-all

}}

• {{cite web

|author=Tate Britain

|title=Turner Prize History

|year=2006

|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/turnerprize/history/artists.htm

|access-date=11 November 2006

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926041408/http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/turnerprize/history/artists.htm

|archive-date=26 September 2006

|df=dmy

}}

• {{cite web

|author = Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society

|title = Awards

|year = 2006

|url = http://www.royalcaledonianhorticulturalsociety.org/awards.htm

|access-date = 10 November 2006

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061229235541/http://www.royalcaledonianhorticulturalsociety.org/awards.htm

|archive-date = 29 December 2006

|url-status = dead

|df = dmy-all

}}

{{Wikiquote}}

• [http://hdl.handle.net/10020/cifa890144 Ian Hamilton Finlay papers, 1948–1992], finding aid, Getty Research Institute.
• [https://findingaids.library.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-rb/ldpd_4078420 Finding aid to Ian Hamilton Finlay manuscripts at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Finlay, Ian Hamilton}}

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