Ib'al
Ib'al was the name used by Ebla in the 24th century BC to indicate a confederation of tribes occupying the steppic region south of Ebla;{{sfn|Baffi|Peyronel|2014|p= 13}} the region included small villages and towns.{{sfn|Castel|2008|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=J9eZToFfVJ0C&pg=PA307 307]}} Qatna could have been one of the urban centers in the region.{{sfn|Morandi Bonacossi|2009|p=64}}
Ebla and Mari were engaged in a long war and Ib'al was drawn into;{{sfn|Baffi|Peyronel|2014|p= 13}} during the reign of the Eblaite king Isar-Damu, repeated campaigns over the course of four years were aimed at the confederation and ended with the Ib'al defeat.{{sfn|Baffi|Peyronel|2014|p= 14}} Following the war with Ebla, Ib'al became an Eblaite ally and acted as such during a campaign against Mari.{{sfn|Baffi|Peyronel|2014|p= 14}} Ib'al maintained a peaceful relation with Ebla until the latter collapse,{{sfn|Baffi|Peyronel|2014|p= 14}} and the Ebla archive mentions the names of seven of its sheikhs.{{sfn|Biga|2010|p= 55}}
References
=Citations=
{{Reflist|25em}}
=Sources=
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/12271177|last1= Biga|first1=Maria Giovanna|editor1-first=Maria Giovanna|editor1-last=Biga|editor2-first=Mario|editor2-last=Liverani|title= Ana Turri Gimilli. Studi Dedicati al Padre Werner R. Mayer, S.J. da Amici e Allievi|series= Vicino Oriente|volume=5|chapter=War and Peace in the Kingdom of Ebla (24th Century B.C.) in the First Years of Vizier Ibbi-Zikir under the Reign of the Last King Išar-Damu|year=2010|publisher=Università di Roma La Sapienza|oclc=800926141}}
- {{cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/10897092|last1=Baffi|first1=Francesca|last2=Peyronel|first2=Luca|editor1-first=Francesca|editor1-last=Baffi|editor2-first=Roberto|editor2-last=Fiorentino|editor3-first=Luca|editor3-last=Peyronel|title=Tell Tuqan Excavations and Regional Perspectives. Cultural Developments in Inner Syria from the Early Bronze Age to the Persian/Hellenistic Period. Proceedings of the International Conference May 15th-17th 2013 - Lecce|chapter= Tell Tuqan and the Matkh Basin in a Regional Perspective. Thoughts and Questions Raised by the International Conference|year=2014|publisher=Congedo Editore|isbn=978-8-867-66103-9}}
- {{cite book|last=Castel|first=Corinne|editor1-first=Hartmut|editor1-last=Kühne|editor2-first=Rainer Maria|editor2-last=Czichon|editor3-first=Florian Janoscha|editor3-last=Kreppner|title=Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 29 March - 3 April 2004, Freie Universität Berlin|chapter=Al-Rawda. A town in the Steppe (Central Syria, Early Bronze Age IV)|volume= 2|year=2008|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05757-8}}
- {{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/885801|last=Morandi Bonacossi|first= Daniele|editor-first=Peter J. |editor-last=Parr|year= 2009|title=Tell Mishrifeh and its Region During The EBA IV and the EBA-MBA Transition. A First Assessment|journal=PEF Annual|publisher=The Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=IX: The Levant in Transition|isbn= 978-1-90435-099-6}}
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{{coord missing|Syria}}
Category:States and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC
Category:Former populated places in Syria
{{Syria-hist-stub}}