IceCube (spacecraft)

{{short description|Nanosatellite}}

{{Infobox spaceflight

| name = IceCube

| names_list = Earth-1

| image = NanoRacks CubeSat deployer deploying CXBN-2 and IceCube.jpg

| image_caption = Deployment of IceCube and CXBN-2 from the International Space Station (ISS)

| image_alt = Deployment of IceCube

| mission_type = Technology demonstration

| operator = NASA Goddard Space Center

| COSPAR_ID = 1998-067LN{{Cite web|title=IceCube (Earth 1)|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/icecube.htm|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Gunter's Space Page|language=en}}

| SATCAT = 42705{{Cite web|last=Kulu|first=Erik|title=IceCube (Earth-1) @ Nanosats Database|url=https://www.nanosats.eu/sat/icecube-earth.html|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Nanosats Database|language=en}}

| mission_duration = {{time interval|May 16, 2017|October 3, 2018|show=ymd}}

| spacecraft_type = CubeSat

| manufacturer = NASA

| dry_mass = {{convert|4|kg}}

| dimensions = 10cm x 10cm x 30cm

| launch_date = {{start date|2017|04|18}}

| launch_rocket = Atlas V 401

| launch_site = Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41

| launch_contractor = United Launch Alliance

| deployment_from = International Space Station (ISS)

| deployment_date = {{start date|2017|05|16}}

| disposal_type = Re-entry

| decay_date = October 3, 2018

| orbit_reference = Geocentric

| orbit_regime = Low Earth

| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|401|km}}

| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|404|km}}

| orbit_inclination = 51.64°

| instruments = 883 GHz radiometer

}}

IceCube, also known as Earth-1,{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasas-icecube-no-longer-on-ice|title=IceCube Satellite No Longer On Ice|last=Garner|first=Rob|date=2015-07-21|website=NASA|access-date=2019-08-06}} was a 3U CubeSat satellite{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4063&context=smallsat|title=NASA IceCube: CubeSat Demonstration of a Commercial 883-GHz Cloud Radiometer|last=|first=|date=|website=digitalcommons.usu.edu|access-date=17 June 2019}} funded and developed by NASA.{{Cite web|url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/i/icecube|title=IceCube - Satellite Missions - eoPortal Directory|website=directory.eoportal.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-17}}{{Cite web|url=https://atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov/climate/index.php?section=259|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426223323/https://atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov/climate/index.php?section=259|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-04-26|title=IceCube|last=Oreopoulos|first=Lazaros|website=atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov|language=en|access-date=2019-06-17}} Its goal was to demonstrate and map ice clouds through the use of its 883 GHz radiometer.

Objectives

IceCube was built to map ice clouds globally. It had a submillimeter radiometer to overcome the limitation of ice particles in clouds being opaque in the infrared and visible spectrums.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/tiny-satellites-first-global-map-of-ice-clouds|title=Tiny Satellite's First Global Map of Ice Clouds|last=Blumberg|first=Sara|date=2018-05-14|website=NASA|access-date=2019-06-17}} It was made to demonstrate a 833-gigahertz submillimeter-wave receiver as part of a technology demonstration mission.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/nasa-s-small-spacecraft-produces-first-883-gigahertz-global-ice-cloud-map|title=NASA's Small Spacecraft Makes 1st 883-Gigahertz Global Ice-Cloud Map|last=Jenner|first=Lynn|date=2018-01-30|website=NASA|access-date=2019-08-06}}

Design

IceCube was a Sun-pointing spin-stabilized 3U CubeSat with two solar panel arrays. In its compact form, it occupied a volume of 10 x 10 x 30cm.{{Cite web|title=IceCube {{!}} Earth|url=https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/climate/missions/icecube|access-date=2021-12-06|website=earth.gsfc.nasa.gov}}

Instruments

IceCube had a 883 GHz radiometer allowing the penetration of cloud layers and measurement of ice mass. At 883 GHz, radiation is highly sensitive to scattering allowing it to interact with ice in the clouds.

Launch and mission

{{main article|Cygnus OA-7}}

File:Launch of Atlas V with Cygnus OA-7 (KSC-20170418-PH AWG02 0020, cropped).jpg]]

Cygnus OA-7 launched on April 18, 2017 as the seventh flight of the Cygnus spacecraft to the ISS as under NASA's Commercial Resupply Services program.{{Cite web|title=Launch Log (2017-2018) – Spaceflight Now|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-log-2017-2018/|access-date=2021-12-06|language=en-US}} The Cygnus spacecraft docked with the ISS on April 2, 2017.{{Cite web|date=2017-04-22|title=S.S. John Glenn OA-7 Cygnus berthed to ISS|url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/iss/s-s-john-glenn-oa-7-cygnus-berthed-to-iss/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=SpaceFlight Insider|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206113259/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/iss/s-s-john-glenn-oa-7-cygnus-berthed-to-iss/|url-status=dead}}

IceCube was deployed from the ISS via the Nanoracks CubeSat Deployer along with several other CubeSats on May 16, 2017.{{Cite web|date=2017-05-17|title=CubeSat Deployer Mission 11 Status Update: Good Deploy!|url=https://nanoracks.com/cubesat-deployer-mission-11-update/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Nanoracks|language=en-US}} It re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on October 3, 2018, ending its mission.

See also

References